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John Foster (philosopher)

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(Redirected from Phenomenalistic idealism) 20th century English idealist philosopher

John Foster
BornJohn Foster
(1941-05-05)5 May 1941
London, England
Died1 January 2009(2009-01-01) (aged 67)
London, England
Notable workA World for Us (2008)
SchoolAnalytic philosophy
InstitutionsBrasenose College, Oxford
Doctoral advisorA. J. Ayer
Main interestsMetaphysics
Notable ideasPhenomenalistic idealism

John Foster (5 May 1941 – 1 January 2009), was a British philosopher and tutorial Fellow of Brasenose College, Oxford, from 1966 to 2005 (and then a Emeritus Fellow until his death in 2009). He authored several books, including The Case for Idealism (1982) and A World for Us: The Case for Phenomenalistic Idealism (2008). His A. J. Ayer (1985) was described by Anthony Quinton as "the only serious monograph" about Ayer's philosophy.

Biography

Foster was born in North London on 5 May 1941 and grew up in Southgate. He studied at Mercers' School, but had to transfer to the City of London School to do A-levels after Mercers' closure (about which he wrote a letter to The Times in protest). He started studying classics at Lincoln College, Oxford, but transferred to psychology, philosophy and physiology after discovering a distaste for studying ancient history. Foster stayed a further year at Lincoln, after obtaining a First in 1964, and began a D.Phil. The support of his doctoral supervisor, A. J. Ayer, ensured Foster’s election to a Stone-Platt Junior Research Fellowship at New College in 1965 and, a year later, to his tutorial Fellowship at Brasenose. He retained this position until ill health finally forced his early retirement, as a "Mr" in 2005. (As Peter J. N. Sinclair notes, most Brasenose Arts tutors of Foster's generation, never completed a doctoral thesis).

Foster was a devoted Christian and an outspoken pro-life campaigner. Foster met his wife-to-be Helen in 1963 and the two married in Royal Tunbridge Wells in 1967. He joined the Church of England. In 1989 both John and Helen converted from Anglicanism to Roman Catholicism.

Foster died on 1 January 2009.

Philosophical work

Foster's book The Case for Idealism has been described as a "leading assault on the reality of the physical world by a respected analytic philosopher". He argued against analytic reductionism.

In his book The Immaterial Self: A Defence of Cartesian Dualist Conception of the Mind, Foster defended Cartesian dualist arguments but ended supporting an idealistic conception of the mind, similar to George Berkeley's view. Charles Taliaferro has commented that "some idealists, such as the late, great Berkeleyan John Foster, have defended Cartesian dualism as a kind of provisional or conditional position: given that there are mind-independent physical objects and processes, Foster argued that we have good reason for not identifying the mental and the physical".

His 2002 paper A Defense of Dualism defined dualism as "the thesis that the mind and its contents are radically nonphysical". Under this definition, he argued that dualism is compatible with idealism.

In his 2008 book A World for Us: The Case for Phenomenalistic Idealism, he put forward a thesis called phenomenalistic idealism, which combines phenomenalism and idealism. The book is dedicated to George Berkeley. Foster's arguments against physical realism for Berkleyan idealism influenced Howard Robinson.

Works

Books authored

Select papers/chapters

Notes and references

  1. Quinton, Anthony (1996) "Alfred Jules Ayer". Proceedings of the British Academy, 94, pp. 280–281."The only serious monograph about his philosophy is that of John Foster, a most loyal, but penetratingly critical, admirer, which came out in 1985, in good time for him to enjoy it."
  2. ^ Sinclair, Peter (2010). "John Foster Remembered" (PDF). The Brazen Nose: 135–141.
  3. Dainton, Barry; Robinson, Howard. (2013). The Bloomsbury Companion to Analytic Philosophy. p. 553. ISBN 978-1441111470
  4. Nathan, N. M. L. (1992). "Reviewed Work: The Immaterial Self. John Foster". Mind. 101 (403): 565–568. doi:10.1093/mind/101.403.565. JSTOR 2253907.
  5. Campbell, Keith (1993). "Swimming against the tide". Inquiry: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Philosophy. 36 (1): 161–177. doi:10.1080/00201749308602316.
  6. Bates, Stanley (1994). "The Immaterial Self: A Defence of the Cartesian Dualist Conception of the Mind". Analytic Philosophy. 35 (1): 54–56. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0149.1994.tb02403.x.
  7. Spiegel, James S; Cowan, Steven B. (2016). Idealism and Christian Philosophy: Idealism and Christianity, Volume 2. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 92. ISBN 978-1628924077
  8. Foster, John. A Defense of Dualism. In William Lane Craig. (2002). Philosophy of Religion: A Reader and Guide. Edinburgh University Press. pp. 455-475
  9. Garrett, Brian Jonathan (2010). "John Foster, A World For Us: The Case for Phenomenalistic Idealism. Review". Philosophy in Review. XXX (6): 397–399.
  10. Foster, John (2008). A World for Us: The Case for Phenomenalistic Idealism. Oxford University Press, Oxford. ISBN 0-19-929713-4
  11. Seager, William (2009). "A World for Us: The Case for Phenomenalistic Idealism". University of Notre Dame. Archived from the original on 28 September 2024.
  12. Sepetyi, Dmytro (2020). "John Foster's Phenomenalistic Idealism Under Scrutiny". Filosofska Dumka. 2 (2): 102–118. doi:10.15407/fd2020.02.102.
  13. Kincaid, Harold (1984). "Review of The Case for Idealism". The Philosophical Review. 93 (3): 465–468. doi:10.2307/2184553. ISSN 0031-8108. JSTOR 2184553.
  14. Brueckner, Anthony L. (1989). "Review of A. J. Ayer". The Philosophical Review. 98 (1): 97–104. doi:10.2307/2185374. ISSN 0031-8108. JSTOR 2185374.
  15. Armstrong, D. M. (1993). "Review of The Immaterial Self: A Defence of the Cartesian Dualist Conception of the Mind". The Philosophical Review. 102 (2): 272–274. doi:10.2307/2186043. ISSN 0031-8108. JSTOR 2186043.
  16. Crane, Tim (2002). "The Nature of Perception" by John Foster and "Perception and Reason" by Bill Brewer. The Times Higher Education Supplement 1
  17. Fales, Evan (9 September 2004). "The Divine Lawmaker: Lectures on Induction, Laws of Nature, and the Existence of God". Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews. Retrieved 25 May 2021.
  18. Oppy, Graham (1 January 2006). "John Foster, THE DIVINE LAWMAKER: LECTURES ON INDUCTION, LAWS OF NATURE, AND THE EXISTENCE OF GOD" (PDF). Faith and Philosophy: Journal of the Society of Christian Philosophers. 23 (1): 111–116. doi:10.5840/faithphil200623112. ISSN 0739-7046.
  19. Seager, William (7 April 2009). "Review of A World for Us: The Case for Phenomenalistic Idealism". Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews. ISSN 1538-1617.

Further reading

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