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(Redirected from Pieter Gerbrandy) 34th Prime Minister of the Netherlands

His ExcellencyPieter Sjoerds Gerbrandy
Gerbrandy in 1941

Prime Minister of the Netherlands
In office 3 September 1940 – 25 June 1945
Monarch	Wilhelmina
Deputy	Hendrik van Boeijen (de facto)
Preceded by	Dirk Jan de Geer
Succeeded by	Willem Schermerhorn
Member of the House of Representatives
In office 23 October 1956 – 20 March 1959
In office 27 July 1948 – 3 July 1956
Minister of Colonial Affairs
In office 17 November 1941 – 21 May 1942
Prime Minister	Himself
Preceded by	Charles Welter
Succeeded by	Hubertus van Mook
Minister of Justice
In office 23 February 1945 – 25 June 1945
Prime Minister	Himself
Preceded by	Gerrit Jan van Heuven Goedhart
Succeeded by	Hans Kolfschoten
In office 10 August 1939 – 21 February 1942
Prime Minister	Dirk Jan de Geer (1939–1940) Himself (1940–1942)
Preceded by	Johan de Visser
Succeeded by	Jan van Angeren

Personal details
Born	Pieter Gerbrandij (1885-04-13)13 April 1885 Goënga, Netherlands
Died	7 September 1961(1961-09-07) (aged 76) The Hague, Netherlands
Political party	Anti-Revolutionary Party
Spouse	Hendrina Elisabeth Sikkel (m. 1911)
Children	2 sons and 1 daughter
Alma mater	Free University Amsterdam
Pieter Sjoerds Gerbrandy's voice Pieter Sjoerds Gerbrandy in exile speaks to the Dutch people under Nazi occupation (Recorded 1945)

Pieter Sjoerds Gerbrandy (born Pieter Gerbrandij; 13 April 1885 – 7 September 1961) was a Dutch politician and jurist who served as Prime Minister of the Netherlands from 3 September 1940 until 25 June 1945. He oversaw the government-in-exile based in London under Queen Wilhelmina during the German occupation of the Netherlands. He was a member of the Anti-Revolutionary Party (ARP).

Early life

Pieter Sjoerds Gerbrandy was born on 13 April 1885 in the village of Goënga, near Sneek, in the province of Friesland. He was an ethnic Frisian, and his name is styled in the traditional Frisian way: first name ("Pieter"), patronymic ("Sjoerds", meaning "son of Sjoerd"), family name (Gerbrandy). Incidentally, the name Gerbrandy is also a patronymic since his great-great-grandfather Jouke Gerbrens (1769–1840) took "Gerbrandy" as a family name on 30 December 1811.

Pieter applied to Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam in June 1904 and majored in law. He would obtain a doctorate in law in January 1911 and proceeded to work as a lawyer and prosecutor from 1911 to 1920.

Early political career

Gerbrandy was a member of the Municipal Council of Sneek from April 1916 to January 1930, the Provincial Council of Friesland from July 1919 to August 1920 and the Provincial Executive of Friesland from August 1920 to January 1930.

From 1920 to 1930, he was a member of the Provincial Council of Friesland for the Anti-Revolutionary Party (ARP). He also served as Minister of Justice in 1939 against his party's wishes.

World War II

The German victory at the Battle of the Netherlands in 1940 made the Dutch royal family and many leading politicians flee to London and form a government-in-exile. With Dirk Jan de Geer's resignation the same year, Queen Wilhelmina appointed Gerbrandy as prime minister of the Dutch government-in-exile. He also served as Minister of Justice and Minister of Colonial Affairs.

Postwar

After the liberation of the southern Netherlands in 1945, Gerbrandy formed a new cabinet, but he resigned after the total liberation of the country. He opposed the government's Indonesian policy and from 1946 to 1950 chaired the National Committee for the Maintenance of the Kingdom's Unity, which opposed Indonesian independence and advocated for the Republic of South Maluku.

In 1950, Gerbrandy published Indonesia, which offered an explanation of the history of the relationship between the Netherlands and the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia) from the 1600s to 1948, which included "The Indies under Dutch rule", "The Rule of Law", "The Japanese Occupation", and "Chaos", with each section outlining Gerbrandy's observations.

In 1948, Gerbrandy returned as a member of the Dutch Parliament, but his hot temper alienated members of his party. In 1956, he was made member of a commission that investigated the affair surrounding Greet Hofmans. Three years later, Gerbrandy resigned as a Member of Parliament.

Personal life

On 18 May 1911, Gerbrandy married Hendrina Elisabeth Sikkel (26 February 1886 – 4 May 1980). Pieter Sjoerds Gerbrandy died on 7 September 1961 in The Hague, at the age of 76.

Decorations

Ribbon bar	Honour	Country	Date	Comment
Honours
	Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Netherlands Lion	Netherlands	6 May 1946	Elevated from Knight (28 August 1930)
	Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Orange-Nassau	Netherlands	5 April 1955
	Grand Cross of the Order of Adolphe of Nassau	Luxembourg
	Honorary Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire	United Kingdom
Honorific titles
Ribbon bar	Honour	Country	Date	Comment
	Minister of State	Netherlands	5 April 1955	Style of Excellency

References

(in Dutch) GERBRANDIJ, Pieter (1885–1961)
see www.tresoar.nl, under Familinamen 1811
Gerbrandy, P. S. (Pieter Sjoerds) (1950). Indonesia. Hutchinson, London
"Hendrina Elisabeth Sikkel (1886-1980) » Stamboom Kok, Jagt, Bottinga, Maarhuis en Kuiper » Genealogie Online". www.genealogieonline.nl. Archived from the original on 10 December 2017.
"Hendrina Elisabeth Gerbrandy". Geni. 26 February 1886. Retrieved 7 February 2018.
"Gerbrandy, Pieter Sjoerds". WW2 Gravestone. Retrieved 30 November 2018.
"Bijzondere onderscheidingen gevonden in archief Gerbrandy" (in Dutch). Omrop Fryslân. 8 September 2014. Archived from the original on 8 February 2018. Retrieved 7 February 2018.

External links

Official

(in Dutch) Mr.Dr. P.S. (Pieter) Gerbrandy Parlement & Politiek

Political offices
Preceded byJohan de Visser	Minister of Justice 1939–1942 1945	Succeeded byJan van Angeren
Preceded byGerrit Jan van Heuven Goedhart	Minister of Justice 1939–1942 1945	Succeeded byHans Kolfschoten
Preceded byDirk Jan de Geer	Prime Minister of the Netherlands 1940–1945	Succeeded byWillem Schermerhorn
Preceded byCharles Welter	Minister of Colonial Affairs 1941–1942	Succeeded byHubertus van Mook
Preceded byHendrik van Boeijen	Minister of General Affairs 1945	Succeeded byWillem Schermerhorn

v t e Prime ministers of the Netherlands
Schimmelpenninck De Kempenaer Thorbecke Van Hall Van der Brugghen Rochussen Van Hall Ja. Van Zuylen van Nijevelt Van Heemstra Thorbecke Fransen van de Putte Ju. Van Zuylen van Nijevelt Van Bosse Thorbecke De Vries J. Heemskerk Kappeyne van de Coppello Van Lynden van Sandenburg J. Heemskerk Mackay Van Tienhoven Roëll Pierson Kuyper De Meester T. Heemskerk Cort van der Linden Ruijs de Beerenbrouck Colijn De Geer Ruijs de Beerenbrouck Colijn De Geer Gerbrandy Schermerhorn Beel Drees Beel De Quay Marijnen Cals Zijlstra De Jong Biesheuvel Den Uyl Van Agt Lubbers Kok Balkenende Rutte Schoof
List (education ◌ religion)

v t e Ministers of colonial affairs of the Netherlands
Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations
Van der Heim Cambier Van der Heim Van der Capellen Van der Hoop Goldberg Falck Elout Van Ufford Van Gobbelschroy Clifford Brocx Van den Bosch Baud Rijk Baud Van den Bosch Pahud Mijer Rochussen Lotsy De Groot van Kraaijenburg Uhlenbeck Betz Fransen van de Putte Mijer Trakranen Hasselman De Waal Brocx Van Bosse Fransen van de Putte Van Goltstein van Oldenaller Alting Mees Van Bosse Van Rees Van Goltstein van Oldenaller De Brauw Van Erp Taalman Kip Van Bloemen Waanders Weitzel Sprenger van Eyk Keuchenius Mackay Van Dedem Bergsma Cremer Van Asch van Wijck Bergansius Idenburg Fock Heemskerk Idenburg De Waal Malefijt Pleyte Rambonnet Pleyte Idenburg Ruijs de Beerenbrouck De Graaff Colijn Welter Koningsberger De Graaff Colijn Welter Van den Bussche Welter Gerbrandy Van Mook Schmutzer Logemann Jonkman Sassen Van Maarseveen Drees Peters Kernkamp Staf Helders Korthals

v t e Ministers of justice of the Netherlands
Ministry of Justice and Security
Tadama Reuvens Van Hooff Van der Goes van Dirxland Cambier Appelius Van Hugenpoth tot Aerdt Van Maanen Van Pallandt van Keppel Van Maanen Van Hall De Jonge van Campensnieuwland Donker Curtius Wichers Lightenvelt Nedermeyer van Rosenthal Strens Donker Curtius Van der Brugghen Boot Godefroi Olivier Pické Borret J. Heemskerk Wintgens Van Lilaar Jolles De Vries Van Lynden van Sandenburg Smidt Modderman Du Tour van Bellinchave Ruijs de Beerenbrouck Smidt Van der Kaay Cort van der Linden Loeff Van Raalte Nelissen T. Heemskerk Regout T. Heemskerk Ort T. Heemskerk Schokking J. Donner Van Schaik Goseling De Visser Gerbrandy Van Angeren Van Heuven Goedhart Gerbrandy Kolfschoten Van Maarseveen Wijers Van Maarseveen Struycken Mulderije Donker Beel Van Oven Samkalden Struycken Beerman Scholten Samkalden Struycken Polak Van Agt De Gaay Fortman De Ruiter Korthals Altes Hirsch Ballin Kosto Sorgdrager Korthals P. H. Donner Verdonk Hirsch Ballin Opstelten Blok Van der Steur Blok Grapperhaus Yeşilgöz-Zegerius Van Weel

v t e Third Gerbrandy cabinet (1945)
Preceded: Second Gerbrandy cabinet Succeed: Schermerhorn–Drees cabinet
Prime Minister	Pieter Sjoerds Gerbrandy (General Warfare and Justice)
Ministers	Louis Beel (Interior) Eelco van Kleffens (Foreign Affairs) Gerardus Huysmans (Finance) Hans Gispen (Commerce, Industry and Agriculture) Jan de Quay (War) Jan de Quay (Navy) (Ad interim) Jim de Booy (Navy and Shipping and Fisheries) Frans Wijffels (Social Affairs) Gerrit Bolkestein (Education, Arts and Sciences) Frans Wijffels (Water Management) (Ad interim) Theo Tromp (Water Management) Josef Schmutzer (Colonial Affairs)
Minister without portfolio	Edgar Michiels van Verduynen (Foreign Policy)

v t e Second Gerbrandy cabinet (1941–1945)
Preceded: First Gerbrandy cabinet Succeed: Third Gerbrandy cabinet
Prime Minister	Pieter Sjoerds Gerbrandy (General Warfare)
Ministers	Hendrik van Boeijen (General Affairs) Hendrik van Boeijen (Interior) (1941–1944) Jaap Burger (Interior) (1944–1945) Hendrik van Boeijen (Interior) (from 1945) (Ad interim) Eelco van Kleffens (Foreign Affairs) Max Steenberghe (Finance) (1941) Willem Albarda (Finance) (1941–1942) Johannes van den Broek (Finance) (from 1942) Pieter Sjoerds Gerbrandy (Justice) (1941–1942) Jan van Angeren (Justice) (1942–1944) Gerrit Jan van Heuven Goedhart (Justice) (from 1944) Max Steenberghe (Commerce, Industry and Shipping) (1941) Jan van den Tempel (Commerce, Industry and Shipping) (1941–1942) (Ad interim) Piet Kerstens (Commerce, Industry and Shipping) (1942–1944) Johannes van den Broek (Commerce, Industry and Agriculture) (from 1944) Hendrik van Boeijen (War) (1941–1942) Otto van Lidth de Jeude (War) (from 1942) Johan Furstner (Navy) Jan van den Tempel (Social Affairs) Gerrit Bolkestein (Education, Arts and Sciences) Willem Albarda (Water Management) Max Steenberghe (Agriculture and Fisheries) (1941) Jan van den Tempel (Agriculture and Fisheries) (1941–1942) (Ad interim) Piet Kerstens (Agriculture and Fisheries) (1942–1944) Jim de Booy (Shipping and Fisheries) (from 1944) Charles Welter (Colonial Affairs) (1941) Pieter Sjoerds Gerbrandy (Colonial Affairs) (1941–1942) Huib van Mook (Colonial Affairs) (from 1942)
Ministers without portfolio	Jaap Burger (Return Policy) (1943–1944) Edgar Michiels van Verduynen (Foreign Policy) (from 1942) Adipati Soejono (Colonial Policy) (1942–1943) (†)

v t e First Gerbrandy cabinet (1940–1941)
Preceded: Second De Geer cabinet Succeed: Second Gerbrandy cabinet
Prime Minister	Pieter Sjoerds Gerbrandy (Justice)
Ministers	Hendrik van Boeijen (General Affairs and Interior) Eelco van Kleffens (Foreign Affairs) Charles Welter (Finance and Colonial Affairs) Max Steenberghe (Commerce, Industry and Shipping) Adriaan Dijxhoorn (Defence) (1940–1941) Hendrik van Boeijen (Defence) (from 1941) (Ad interim) Jan van den Tempel (Social Affairs) Gerrit Bolkestein (Education, Arts and Sciences) Willem Albarda (Water Management) Aat van Rhijn (Agriculture and Fisheries) (1940–1941) Max Steenberghe (Agriculture and Fisheries) (from 1941)

v t e Second De Geer cabinet (1939–1940)
Preceded: Fifth Colijn cabinet Succeed: First Gerbrandy cabinet
Prime Minister	Dirk Jan de Geer (General Affairs and Finance)
Ministers	Hendrik van Boeijen (Interior) Eelco van Kleffens (Foreign Affairs) Pieter Sjoerds Gerbrandy (Justice) Max Steenberghe (Economic Affairs) (1939–1940) Max Steenberghe (Commerce, Industry and Shipping) (from 1940) Adriaan Dijxhoorn (Defence) Jan van den Tempel (Social Affairs) Gerrit Bolkestein (Education, Arts and Sciences) Willem Albarda (Water Management) Aat van Rhijn (Agriculture and Fisheries) Charles Welter (Colonial Affairs)

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