| Pietro Bruzzi | |
|---|---|
| Born | (1888-03-20)20 March 1888 Maleo, Lombardy, Kingdom of Italy |
| Died | 19 February 1945(1945-02-19) (aged 56) San Vittore Olona, Lombardy, Italian Social Republic |
| Cause of death | Execution by shooting |
| Resting place | Cimitero Maggiore di Milano 45°30′10.46″N 9°7′7.7″E / 45.5029056°N 9.118806°E / 45.5029056; 9.118806 |
| Occupation | Mechanic |
| Movement | Anarcho-syndicalism, individualist anarchism, anti-fascism |
| Opponents |
|
| Military career | |
| Allegiance | Italian resistance movement |
| Service | Partisan brigades |
| Years of service | 1943–1945 |
| Unit | Malatesta Brigade [it] |
| Battles / wars | Italian Civil War |
Pietro Bruzzi (20 March 1888 – 19 February 1945) was an Italian mechanic, anarchist activist and partisan.
Biography
Bruzzi was born on 20 March 1888, in the Lombard town of Maleo, where he was educated at a vocational school. After graduating, he moved to Milan, where he became involved with local socialist groups, before joining the Italian anarchist movement. In October 1909, he was made editor-in-chief of the newspaper La Protesta umana, but his radical articles soon made him a target for arrest, forcing him to flee into exile in France the following year. Stopping in Marseilles, he briefly contributed to the newspaper La Rivolta, before heading on to Paris, where he arrived in July 1910 and joined up with the anarcho-syndicalists. In January 1911, he stayed in the United States, but had returned to Europe by April 1912.
Following the Italian entry into World War I, in 1916, he was arrested and repatriated to Italy, where he was conscripted into the Royal Italian Army. He quickly deserted and fled to neutral Switzerland, where he met up with a number of Milanese individualist anarchists that had taken refuge in Zürich. Bruzzi was soon arrested by the Swiss police, under suspicion of involvement in a bombing, who expelled him from the country. Back in Milan, he was sentenced to death for desertion, but he was granted amnesty after the war ended.
In post-war Milan, he joined the individualist movement as editor of the newspapers Individualista and Iconoclasta. In March 1921, he became a prime suspect of organising the Diana massacre [it]. Together with Ugo Fedeli [it], he fled over the Swiss border in disguise as railway workers. He then went on to Berlin, where, with the support of the local anarchist communists and Rudolf Rocker, he was able to travel to Moscow, in Soviet Russia. He soon returned to Germany, and stayed briefly in Austria and Belgium, before returning to France. In April 1922, he settled in Courbevoie, where he worked as a mechanic for the rest of the 1920s. During this period, the Italian authorities weren't able to trace his movements.
Together with Ugo Fedeli and Mario Mantovani [it], he contributed articles to the magazine Eresia, and after the proclamation of the Second Spanish Republic in 1931, he moved to Barcelona, where he joined the libertarian correspondence office and collaborated on the magazine Il Risveglio anarchico [it]. In June 1931, he attended an anti-fascist rally that protested the execution of Michele Schirru [it] by the authorities of Fascist Italy. He worked as the secretary of the French anarcho-syndicalist Pierre Besnard and travelled around Spain, giving lectures and participating in anti-fascist activism, under the pseudonym "Pietro Bucci". He was expelled from the country in March 1933, but returned to Barcelona clandestinely. On 28 January 1935, he was extradited to Fascist Italy, which caused mass protests from the anarchist movement.
Following his repatration, he was acquitted of the charges of conspiracy that had been on the books since the 1920s. Nevertheless, he was deported to the penal colony on Ponza, where he was imprisoned for five years. On 8 July 1940, he was released and decided to return to work in Milan. After the fall of the Fascist regime in Italy, in 1943, he linked up with his old anarchist comrades and joined the Italian resistance movement, establishing the Malatesta Brigade [it]. He also covertly attempted to publish the newspaper L'Adunata dei libertari, but only a single issue was printed, on 18 July 1944. He was captured in Melegnano by the Nazis, who imprisoned him at San Vittore Olona. On 19 February 1945, he was shot by the Nazi Schutzstaffel (SS), in reprisal for the fascist losses in the Italian campaign. His comrades subsequently renamed their unit, in his honour, to the Bruzzi-Malatesta Brigade.
References
Bibliography
- Coppari, Adriana, ed. (13 January 2023). "Pietro Bruzzi". ANPI (in Italian). Retrieved 25 April 2024.
- Granata, Mattia (2004). "BRUZZI, Pietro". Dizionario biografico online degli anarchici italiani (in Italian). Biblioteca Franco Serantini [it]. ISBN 9788886389860. OCLC 54662152. Retrieved 25 April 2024.
Further reading
- Bernardini, David (2022). "A Different Antifascism. An Analysis of the Rise of Nazism as Seen by Anarchists during the Weimar Period". History of European Ideas. 48 (4): 454–471. doi:10.1080/01916599.2021.1963629.
- Testa, M. (2015). "Italy: No Flowers for Mussolini". Militant Anti-Fascism: A Hundred Years of Resistance. AK Press. ISBN 978-1849352048.
- 1888 births
- 1945 deaths
- Anarcho-syndicalists
- Individualist anarchists
- Italian anarchists
- Italian anti-fascists
- Italian emigrants to France
- Italian emigrants to Spain
- Italian emigrants to Switzerland
- Italian emigrants to the United States
- Italian military personnel of World War I
- Italian military personnel killed in World War II
- Italian newspaper editors
- Italian newspaper publishers (people)
- Italian partisans
- Italian people executed by Nazi Germany
- Italian resistance movement members
- Mechanics (people)
- People convicted of desertion
- People from the Province of Lodi
- Politicians of Lombardy
- Writers from Lombardy
- Executed anarchists