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Piscobalaena Temporal range: Mid-Late Miocene (Mayoan-Huayquerian & Clarendonian) ~11.608–5.332 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Piscobalaena nana skull
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Artiodactyla
Infraorder:	Cetacea
Family:	Cetotheriidae G. Pilleri and H. J. Siber, 1989
Genus:	†Piscobalaena G. Pilleri and H. J. Siber, 1989

Piscobalaena is an extinct genus of cetaceans, which lived from the Middle to Late Miocene epochs (about 11.6 to 5.3 million years ago) in Peru and Florida. Its fossils have been found in the Pisco Formation of Peru and the Bone Valley Formation of Florida. At least some individuals of this diminutive whale were preyed on by the shark O. megalodon.

Description

This animal looked much like whales today, particularly small whales. The length was probably less than 5 metres (16 ft), and the skull of an adult was about one meter. Piscobalaena is known for some well-preserved specimens, including three young individuals and an adult. Some characteristics of the skull distinguish Piscobalaena from modern whales (such as the shape of the supraorbital process).

Classification

Described for the first time in 1989 by Pilleri and Siber, Piscobalaena is known from fossils found in the Pisco Formation in Peru. Piscobalaena is considered a representative of Cetotheriidae a group of baleen whales with primitive characteristics similar to that of Balaenoptera, fossil species of which have been found mainly in the northern hemisphere. The closest relative of Piscobalaena appears to have been Herpetocetus, from the Mio-Pliocene of the northern hemisphere.

Palaeogeography

Other fragmentary remains attributed to Piscobalaena are also from Peru, but date a little older (late Miocene, about 10 million years ago). So it seems that this kind of whales were located in the Pacific coast of South America and evolved for at least five million years. Other fossils attributed with some doubt to Piscobalaena come from the Miocene Bone Valley Formation of Florida: If so, then Piscobalaena might have had a wider distribution than the Peruvian coast. This could have been because the Isthmus of Panama was open until at least Late Pliocene, allowing the passage of marine species from the Atlantic to the Pacific and vice versa. Other marine mammals found in the Pisco Formation include the odd dolphin Odobenocetops, the long-necked seal Acrophoca, and aquatic sloth Thalassocnus.

References

1. Piscobalaena at Fossilworks.org
2. V. Bouetel and C. Muizon. 2006. The anatomy and relationships of Piscobalaena nana (Cetacea, Mysticeti), a Cetotheriidae s.s. from the early Pliocene of Peru
3. Collareta, A.; Lambert, O.; Landini, W.; Di Celma, C.; Malinverno, E.; Varas-Malca, R.; Urbina, M.; Bianucci, G. (2017). "Did the giant extinct shark Carcharocles megalodon target small prey? Bite marks on marine mammal remains from the late Miocene of Peru". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 469: 84–91. Bibcode:2017PPP...469...84C. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2017.01.001. hdl:10281/151854.
4. Pilleri, G. and Siber, H.J. 1989. Neuer Spättertiärer cetotherid (Cetacea, Mysticeti) aus der Pisco-Formation Perus. In: G. Pilleri (ed.), Beiträge zur Paläontologie der Cetaceen Perus, 109–115. Hirnanatomisches Institut, Ostermundigen, Bern.

v t e Genera of baleen whales and their extinct allies
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Artiodactyla Infraorder: Cetacea
Mysticeti Mysticeti †Borealodon †Coronodon †Imerocetus †Mioceta? †Piscocetus †Siphonocetus? †Tretulias? †Ulias? †Aetiocetidae Aetiocetus Ashorocetus Chonecetus Fucaia Morawanocetus Willungacetus †Llanocetidae Llanocetus Mystacodon †Mammalodontidae Janjucetus Mammalodon Chaeomysticeti Horopeta Sitsqwayk Whakakai †Eomysticetoidea Cetotheriopsis †Eomysticetidae Eomysticetus Micromysticetus Tohoraata Tokarahia Waharoa Yamatocetus Balaenomorpha Balaenidae †Antwerpibalaena †Archaeobalaena Balaena †Balaenella †Balaenula †Balaenotus Eubalaena †Idiocetus †Mesoteras †Morenocetus †Peripolocetus †Protobalaena Thalassotherii †Hibacetus †Isanacetus †Isocetus †Mauicetus †Pinocetus †Taikicetus †Tiphyocetus †Uranocetus †Aglaocetidae Aglaocetus †Diorocetidae Amphicetus Diorocetus Plesiocetopsis Thinocetus †Pelocetidae Cophocetus Halicetus Parietobalaena Pelocetus †Tranatocetidae Mesocetus Mixocetus Tranatocetus Cetotheriidae †Cephalotropis †Journocetus †Otradnocetus †Palaeobalaena? †Titanocetus? †Tiucetus †Cetotheriinae Brandtocetus Cetotherium Ciuciulea Eucetotherium Kurdalagonus Mithridatocetus Vampalus Zygiocetus Herpetocetinae Caperea †Herentalia †Herpetocetus †Metopocetus †Miocaperea †Nannocetus †Piscobalaena Balaenopteroidea †Eobalaenoptera Balaenopteridae †Archaebalaenoptera †Archaeschrichtius Balaenoptera †Burtinopsis? †Cetoteriophanes †Diunatans †Eschrichtioides Eschrichtius †Gricetoides †Incakujira Megaptera †Megapteropsis? †Miobalaenoptera †Nehalaennia †Notiocetus †Parabalaenoptera †Plesiobalaenoptera †Plesiocetus †Praemegaptera †Protororqualus

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• Cetotheriidae
• Monotypic prehistoric cetacean genera
• Miocene mammals of South America
• Huayquerian
• Chasicoan
• Mayoan
• Neogene Peru
• Fossils of Peru
• Pisco Formation
• Miocene mammals of North America
• Clarendonian
• Neogene United States
• Fossil taxa described in 1989
• Prehistoric cetacean stubs