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List of Major League Baseball pitchers who have thrown an immaculate inning

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(Redirected from Pitchers who have struck out three batters on nine pitches)

A smiling man in a white baseball jersey and dark baseball cap with an interlocked white "LA" on the front.A man in a grey baseball uniform with "Boston" on the front throws a pitch.A man in a dark blue baseball jersey with a curly "W" on his cap throws a pitch.Sandy Koufax, Chris Sale, and Max Scherzer are the only pitchers to achieve an immaculate inning three times.

An immaculate inning occurs in baseball when a pitcher strikes out all three batters he faces in one inning using the minimum possible number of pitches: nine. This has happened 115 times in Major League history and has been accomplished by 105 pitchers (80 right-handed and 25 left-handed).

Major League Baseball's first immaculate inning was accomplished by John Clarkson of the Boston Beaneaters against the Philadelphia Quakers on June 4, 1889; and the most recent by Ryan Pepiot of the Tampa Bay Rays on September 18, 2024. Use of the term "immaculate inning" first appeared in newspaper reporting after 2000.

Six pitchers have accomplished the feat more than once: Hall of Famers Lefty Grove, Sandy Koufax, and Nolan Ryan, and active pitchers Chris Sale, Max Scherzer, and Kevin Gausman. Koufax, Sale, and Scherzer are the only pitchers to achieve an immaculate inning three times. Koufax accomplished his first immaculate inning while throwing his first no-hitter, becoming the only player to do both in a single game.

Sloppy Thurston, Ryan, Wade Miley, Thomas Pannone, Reid Detmers, and Hayden Wesneski are the only rookies to have achieved the feat. Ryan and Gausman have struck out three batters on nine pitches in both the American League and National League. Danny Jackson is the sole pitcher to have thrown an immaculate inning in the postseason, doing so in the seventh inning of Game 5 of the 1985 World Series. Jackson pitched a complete game, winning 6–1 and staving off elimination for the Kansas City Royals, who eventually won the series in seven games.

While an immaculate inning typically occurs with the bases empty, a nine-pitch, three-strikeout performance can also be accomplished by a relief pitcher who enters the game with one or more runners on base. On May 8, 2014, Brad Boxberger of the Tampa Bay Rays entered a game against the Baltimore Orioles with the bases loaded and proceeded to strike out the side with nine pitches. No player has ever struck out four batters on 12 pitches in an inning, with one of those batters reaching base on an uncaught third strike.

No pitcher has thrown more than one immaculate inning in a game. Jesús Sánchez of the Florida Marlins came within one pitch of that feat on September 13, 1998. Facing the Atlanta Braves, Sánchez struck out the side in the bottom of the second inning on 10 pitches and threw an immaculate inning in the bottom of the third inning: six consecutive strikeouts on 19 pitches. Just one game has seen two pitchers throw immaculate innings: on June 15, 2022, Phil Maton and Luis Garcia of the Houston Astros struck out the same three Texas Rangers batters in the second and seventh innings respectively.

Frequency by decade

Billy Hoeft's immaculate inning in 1953 was the first in 25 seasons.
Brandon McCarthy threw the seventh and final immaculate inning of 2014.

The frequency of immaculate innings has varied widely throughout baseball history. There were only 30 immaculate innings in the 114 Major League seasons from 1876 to 1988, but the next 30 occurred in the 21 seasons from 1989 to 2009. The pace has since picked up even more, with 55 immaculate innings in the 15 seasons from 2010 to 2024.

Decade Immaculate innings
Number Cumulative
1880s 1 1
1890s 0 1
1900s 1 2
1910s 1 3
1920s 5 8
1930s 0 8
1940s 0 8
1950s 3 11
1960s 8 19
1970s 8 27
1980s 4 31
1990s 15 46
2000s 14 60
2010s 37 97
2020s 18 115

Players

Key
Pitcher (X) Name of the pitcher (number of immaculate innings they had pitched at that point, if more than one)
Date Date of the game
Team The pitcher's team at the time of the game
Opposing team The team against whom the pitcher struck out three batters on nine pitches
Inning The inning in which the pitcher struck out three batters on nine pitches
Batters faced (X) The batters who were struck out (number of immaculate innings they had struck out in at that point, if more than one)
Box Box score with play by play, if available
† Pitcher has been elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame
‡ Pitcher is active
(d) Immaculate inning is disputed
MLB pitchers who have thrown an immaculate inning
Pitcher Date Team Opposing team Inning Batters faced Box
John Clarkson June 4, 1889 Boston Beaneaters Philadelphia Quakers 3rd Jim Fogarty, Sam Thompson, Sid Farrar n/a
Rube Waddell July 1, 1902 Philadelphia Athletics Baltimore Orioles 3rd Billy Gilbert, Harry Howell, John Cronin n/a
Pat Ragan October 5, 1914 Brooklyn Dodgers Boston Braves 8th Possum Whitted, Butch Schmidt, Red Smith
Joe Oeschger September 8, 1921 Boston Braves Philadelphia Phillies 4th Bevo LeBourveau, Cy Williams, Ed Konetchy
Sloppy Thurston August 22, 1923 Chicago White Sox Philadelphia Athletics 12th Beauty McGowan, Chick Galloway, Sammy Hale
Dazzy Vance September 14, 1924 Brooklyn Robins Cincinnati Reds 3rd Sam Bohne, Bubbles Hargrave, Eppa Rixey
Lefty Grove August 23, 1928 Philadelphia Athletics Cleveland Indians 2nd Ed Morgan, Luther Harvel, Martin Autry
Lefty Grove (2) September 27, 1928 Philadelphia Athletics Chicago White Sox 7th Moe Berg, Tommy Thomas, Johnny Mostil
Billy Hoeft September 7, 1953 Detroit Tigers Chicago White Sox 7th Jim Rivera, Mike Fornieles, Chico Carrasquel
Robin Roberts April 17, 1956 Philadelphia Phillies Brooklyn Dodgers 6th Carl Furillo, Charlie Neal, Sandy Amorós
Jim Bunning August 2, 1959 Detroit Tigers Boston Red Sox 9th Sammy White, Jim Mahoney, Ike Delock
Sandy Koufax June 30, 1962 Los Angeles Dodgers New York Mets 1st Richie Ashburn, Rod Kanehl, Félix Mantilla
Sandy Koufax (2) April 19, 1963 Los Angeles Dodgers Houston Colt .45s 5th Bob Aspromonte, Jim Campbell, Turk Farrell
Tony Cloninger June 15, 1963 Milwaukee Braves Philadelphia Phillies 8th Tony González, Clay Dalrymple, Rubén Amaro
Sandy Koufax (3) April 18, 1964 Los Angeles Dodgers Cincinnati Reds 3rd Leo Cárdenas, Johnny Edwards, Jim Maloney
Bob Bruce April 19, 1964 Houston Colt .45s St. Louis Cardinals 8th Bill White, Charlie James, Ken Boyer
Al Downing August 11, 1967 New York Yankees Cleveland Indians 2nd Tony Horton, Don Demeter, Duke Sims
Nolan Ryan April 19, 1968 New York Mets Los Angeles Dodgers 3rd Claude Osteen, Wes Parker, Zoilo Versalles
Bob Gibson May 12, 1969 St. Louis Cardinals Los Angeles Dodgers 7th Len Gabrielson, Paul Popovich, John Miller
Bill Wilson July 6, 1971 Philadelphia Phillies Atlanta Braves 8th Darrell Evans, Hal King, Earl Williams
John Strohmayer July 10, 1971 Montreal Expos Philadelphia Phillies 5th Mike Ryan, Woodie Fryman, Denny Doyle
Milt Pappas September 24, 1971 Chicago Cubs Philadelphia Phillies 4th Greg Luzinski, Don Money, Mike Anderson
Nolan Ryan (2) July 9, 1972 California Angels Boston Red Sox 2nd Carlton Fisk, Bob Burda, Juan Beníquez
Bruce Sutter September 8, 1977 Chicago Cubs Montreal Expos 9th Ellis Valentine, Gary Carter, Larry Parrish
Pedro Borbón June 23, 1979 Cincinnati Reds San Francisco Giants 9th Mike Sadek, Gary Lavelle, Billy North
Lynn McGlothen August 25, 1979 Chicago Cubs San Francisco Giants 3rd Larry Herndon, Joe Strain, Jack Clark
Joey McLaughlin September 11, 1979 Atlanta Braves San Francisco Giants 7th Larry Herndon (2), Greg Johnston, Johnnie LeMaster
Ron Guidry August 7, 1984 New York Yankees Chicago White Sox 9th Carlton Fisk (2), Tom Paciorek, Greg Luzinski (2)
Danny Jackson October 24, 1985 Kansas City Royals St. Louis Cardinals 7th Terry Pendleton, Tom Nieto, Brian Harper
Jeff Robinson September 7, 1987 Pittsburgh Pirates Chicago Cubs 8th Leon Durham, Andre Dawson, Rafael Palmeiro
Rob Dibble June 4, 1989 Cincinnati Reds San Diego Padres 8th Carmelo Martínez, Mark Parent, Garry Templeton
Jeff Montgomery April 29, 1990 Kansas City Royals Texas Rangers 8th Pete Incaviglia, Geno Petralli, Thad Bosley
Andy Ashby June 15, 1991 Philadelphia Phillies Cincinnati Reds 4th Hal Morris, Todd Benzinger, Jeff Reed
David Cone August 30, 1991 New York Mets Cincinnati Reds 5th Herm Winningham, Randy Myers, Mariano Duncan
Pete Harnisch September 6, 1991 Houston Astros Philadelphia Phillies 7th Wes Chamberlain, Dickie Thon, José DeJesús
Trevor Wilson June 7, 1992 San Francisco Giants Houston Astros 9th Jeff Bagwell, Eric Anthony, Rafael Ramírez
Mel Rojas May 11, 1994 Montreal Expos New York Mets 9th David Segui, Todd Hundley, Jeff McKnight
Stan Belinda August 6, 1994 Kansas City Royals Seattle Mariners 9th Eric Anthony (2), Chris Howard, Luis Sojo
Todd Worrell August 13, 1995 Los Angeles Dodgers Pittsburgh Pirates 9th Mark Johnson, Angelo Encarnación, Steve Pegues
Mike Magnante August 22, 1997 Houston Astros Colorado Rockies 9th Ellis Burks, Harvey Pulliam, Jeff Reed (2)
Doug Jones September 23, 1997 Milwaukee Brewers Kansas City Royals 9th Johnny Damon, Scott Cooper, Rod Myers
Jimmy Key April 14, 1998 Baltimore Orioles Chicago White Sox 2nd Robin Ventura, Magglio Ordóñez, Ray Durham
Orel Hershiser June 16, 1998 San Francisco Giants Colorado Rockies 4th Ellis Burks (2), Vinny Castilla, Todd Helton
Jesús Sánchez September 13, 1998 Florida Marlins Atlanta Braves 3rd Tony Graffanino, Greg Maddux, Walt Weiss
Shane Reynolds July 15, 1999 Houston Astros Detroit Tigers 1st Juan Encarnación, Brad Ausmus, Bobby Higginson
B. J. Ryan September 5, 1999 Baltimore Orioles Cleveland Indians 6th Manny Ramirez, Jim Thome, Richie Sexson
Randy Johnson August 23, 2001 Arizona Diamondbacks Pittsburgh Pirates 6th Tony McKnight, Gary Matthews Jr., Jack Wilson
Jason Isringhausen April 13, 2002 St. Louis Cardinals Houston Astros 9th Daryle Ward, José Vizcaíno, Julio Lugo
Byung-Hyun Kim May 11, 2002 Arizona Diamondbacks Philadelphia Phillies 8th Scott Rolen, Mike Lieberthal, Pat Burrell
Pedro Martínez May 18, 2002 Boston Red Sox Seattle Mariners 1st Ichiro Suzuki, Mark McLemore, Rubén Sierra
Brian Lawrence June 12, 2002 San Diego Padres Baltimore Orioles 3rd Brook Fordyce, Jerry Hairston Jr., Melvin Mora
Brandon Backe April 15, 2004 Houston Astros Milwaukee Brewers 8th Bill Hall, Scott Podsednik, Craig Counsell
Ben Sheets June 13, 2004 Milwaukee Brewers Houston Astros 3rd Pete Munro, Craig Biggio, José Vizcaíno (2)
LaTroy Hawkins September 11, 2004 Chicago Cubs Florida Marlins 9th Jeff Conine, Juan Encarnación (2), Álex González
Rick Helling June 20, 2006 Milwaukee Brewers Detroit Tigers 1st Curtis Granderson, Plácido Polanco, Iván Rodríguez
Buddy Carlyle July 6, 2007 Atlanta Braves San Diego Padres 4th Khalil Greene, Russell Branyan, José Cruz Jr.
Rich Harden June 8, 2008 Oakland Athletics Los Angeles Angels 1st Maicer Izturis, Howie Kendrick, Garret Anderson
Félix Hernández June 17, 2008 Seattle Mariners Florida Marlins 4th Jeremy Hermida, Jorge Cantú, Mike Jacobs
A. J. Burnett June 20, 2009 New York Yankees Florida Marlins 3rd Josh Johnson, Chris Coghlan, Emilio Bonifacio
Ross Ohlendorf September 5, 2009 Pittsburgh Pirates St. Louis Cardinals 7th Khalil Greene (2), Julio Lugo (2), Jason LaRue
Rafael Soriano August 23, 2010 Tampa Bay Rays Los Angeles Angels 9th Erick Aybar, Mike Napoli, Peter Bourjos
Jordan Zimmermann May 6, 2011 Washington Nationals Florida Marlins 2nd Giancarlo Stanton, Greg Dobbs, John Buck
Juan Pérez July 8, 2011 Philadelphia Phillies Atlanta Braves 10th Jason Heyward, Nate McLouth, Wilkin Ramírez
Clay Buchholz August 16, 2012 Boston Red Sox Baltimore Orioles 6th Adam Jones, Matt Wieters, Chris Davis
Wade Miley October 1, 2012 Arizona Diamondbacks Colorado Rockies 3rd Jonathan Herrera, Drew Pomeranz, Josh Rutledge
Iván Nova May 29, 2013 New York Yankees New York Mets 8th Ike Davis, Mike Baxter, Rubén Tejada
Steve Delabar July 30, 2013 Toronto Blue Jays Oakland Athletics 8th Adam Rosales, Coco Crisp, Chris Young
Brad Boxberger May 8, 2014 Tampa Bay Rays Baltimore Orioles 6th Steve Pearce, Jonathan Schoop, Caleb Joseph
Cole Hamels May 17, 2014 Philadelphia Phillies Cincinnati Reds 3rd Zack Cozart, Brandon Phillips, Todd Frazier
Justin Masterson June 2, 2014 Cleveland Indians Boston Red Sox 4th Jonny Gomes, Grady Sizemore, Stephen Drew
Garrett Richards June 4, 2014 Los Angeles Angels Houston Astros 2nd Jon Singleton, Matt Dominguez, Chris Carter
Rex Brothers June 14, 2014 Colorado Rockies San Francisco Giants 8th Michael Morse, Brandon Crawford, Gregor Blanco
Carlos Contreras July 11, 2014 Cincinnati Reds Pittsburgh Pirates 7th Jordy Mercer, Jeff Locke, Gregory Polanco
Brandon McCarthy September 17, 2014 New York Yankees Tampa Bay Rays 7th Wil Myers, Nick Franklin, Matt Joyce
Mike Fiers May 7, 2015 Milwaukee Brewers Los Angeles Dodgers 4th Enrique Hernández, Carlos Frías, Joc Pederson
Santiago Casilla May 17, 2015 San Francisco Giants Cincinnati Reds 9th Marlon Byrd, Brandon Phillips (2), Jay Bruce
Juan Nicasio July 4, 2016 Pittsburgh Pirates St. Louis Cardinals 8th Stephen Piscotty, Jhonny Peralta, Yadier Molina
Drew Storen April 18, 2017 Cincinnati Reds Baltimore Orioles 9th Jonathan Schoop (2), J. J. Hardy, Hyun-soo Kim
Craig Kimbrel May 11, 2017 Boston Red Sox Milwaukee Brewers 9th Hernán Pérez, Travis Shaw, Domingo Santana
Max Scherzer May 14, 2017 Washington Nationals Philadelphia Phillies 5th César Hernández, Odúbel Herrera, Aaron Altherr
Kenley Jansen May 18, 2017 Los Angeles Dodgers Miami Marlins 9th Derek Dietrich, J. T. Riddle, Ichiro Suzuki (2)
Carlos Carrasco July 7, 2017 Cleveland Indians Detroit Tigers 5th Nicholas Castellanos, Mikie Mahtook, José Iglesias
Dellin Betances August 2, 2017 New York Yankees Detroit Tigers 8th Jim Adduci, Justin Upton, Miguel Cabrera
José Alvarado August 4, 2017 Tampa Bay Rays Milwaukee Brewers 9th Travis Shaw (2), Jesús Aguilar, Hernán Pérez (2)
Rick Porcello August 9, 2017 Boston Red Sox Tampa Bay Rays 5th Trevor Plouffe, Wilson Ramos, Mallex Smith
Kevin Gausman April 23, 2018 Baltimore Orioles Cleveland Indians 7th Yonder Alonso, Yan Gomes, Bradley Zimmer
Max Scherzer (2) June 5, 2018 Washington Nationals Tampa Bay Rays 6th Johnny Field, Christian Arroyo, Daniel Robertson
Germán Márquez August 8, 2018 Colorado Rockies Pittsburgh Pirates 4th Corey Dickerson, Starling Marte, Gregory Polanco (2)
Zac Rosscup August 19, 2018 Los Angeles Dodgers Seattle Mariners 9th Kyle Seager, Ryon Healy, Cameron Maybin
Josh Hader March 30, 2019 Milwaukee Brewers St. Louis Cardinals 9th Tyler O'Neill, Dexter Fowler, Yairo Muñoz
Thomas Pannone April 14, 2019 Toronto Blue Jays Tampa Bay Rays 5th Avisaíl García, Brandon Lowe, Daniel Robertson (2)
Chris Sale May 8, 2019 Boston Red Sox Baltimore Orioles 7th Hanser Alberto, Dwight Smith Jr., Steve Wilkerson
Chris Sale (2) June 5, 2019 Boston Red Sox Kansas City Royals 8th Kelvin Gutiérrez, Nicky Lopez, Martin Maldonado
Stephen Strasburg July 3, 2019 Washington Nationals Miami Marlins 4th Garrett Cooper, Neil Walker, Starlin Castro
Kevin Gausman (2) August 18, 2019 Cincinnati Reds St. Louis Cardinals 9th Yairo Muñoz (2), Dexter Fowler (2), Tommy Edman
Chris Martin September 11, 2019 Atlanta Braves Philadelphia Phillies 7th César Hernández (2), Jay Bruce (2), Logan Morrison
Will Harris September 27, 2019 Houston Astros Los Angeles Angels 8th Kaleb Cowart, Matt Thaiss, Michael Hermosillo
Zach Plesac September 18, 2020 Cleveland Indians Detroit Tigers 2nd Jorge Bonifacio, Niko Goodrum, Austin Romine
Kyle Finnegan May 5, 2021 Washington Nationals Atlanta Braves 6th Austin Riley, Dansby Swanson, William Contreras
Michael King June 4, 2021 New York Yankees Boston Red Sox 4th Hunter Renfroe, Marwin Gonzalez, Christian Vázquez
Chad Green July 4, 2021 New York Yankees New York Mets 7th Michael Conforto, Jeff McNeil, Jonathan Villar
Chris Sale (3) August 26, 2021 Boston Red Sox Minnesota Twins 3rd Nick Gordon, Andrelton Simmons, Rob Refsnyder
Max Scherzer (3) September 12, 2021 Los Angeles Dodgers San Diego Padres 2nd Fernando Tatís Jr., Eric Hosmer, Tommy Pham
Nestor Cortes Jr. April 17, 2022 New York Yankees Baltimore Orioles 4th Robinson Chirinos, Chris Owings, Kelvin Gutiérrez (2)
Luis García June 15, 2022 Houston Astros Texas Rangers 2nd Nathaniel Lowe (2), Ezequiel Durán (2), Brad Miller (2)
Phil Maton 7th
Reid Detmers July 31, 2022 Los Angeles Angels Texas Rangers 2nd Ezequiel Durán (3), Kole Calhoun, Charlie Culberson
Ryan Helsley September 16, 2022 St. Louis Cardinals Cincinnati Reds 9th Kyle Farmer, Jake Fraley, Donovan Solano
Hayden Wesneski September 22, 2022 Chicago Cubs Pittsburgh Pirates 5th Jack Suwinski, Zack Collins, Jason Delay
Enyel De Los Santos September 27, 2022 Cleveland Guardians Tampa Bay Rays 7th Christian Bethancourt, Jose Siri, Taylor Walls
Colin Holderman May 4, 2023 Pittsburgh Pirates Tampa Bay Rays 7th Taylor Walls (2), Luke Raley, Christian Bethancourt (2)
Johan Oviedo May 24, 2023 Pittsburgh Pirates Texas Rangers 4th Josh Smith, Robbie Grossman, Jonah Heim
Michael Kopech July 10, 2024 Chicago White Sox Minnesota Twins 9th Brooks Lee, Matt Wallner, Max Kepler
Ryan Pepiot September 18, 2024 Tampa Bay Rays Boston Red Sox 5th Connor Wong, Wilyer Abreu, Triston Casas

See also

Notes

  1. A player is considered inactive if he has announced his retirement or has not played professionally for a full season.
  2. The game play-by-play and contemporary newspaper report for the game of August 23, 1928, show that Lefty Grove first allowed a single to Homer Summa in the second inning before striking out the next three batters (Morgan, Harvel, Autry) on nine consecutive pitches; this is inconsistent with the present-day usage of "immaculate inning" where only three batters are faced (each being struck out on three pitches) in the half-inning.

References

General

Specific

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