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Planocrania Temporal range: Paleocene, 61.6–56 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Holotype skull (IVPP V5016) of P. datangensis, Paleozoological Museum of China
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Reptilia
Clade:	Archosauria
Clade:	Pseudosuchia
Clade:	Crocodylomorpha
Clade:	Crocodyliformes
Clade:	Eusuchia
Family:	†Planocraniidae
Genus:	†Planocrania Li, 1976
Species
†P. datangensis Li, 1976 (type) †P. hengdongensis Li, 1984

Planocrania is an extinct genus of eusuchian crocodyliforms from what is now China. Two species are currently known to belong to the genus.

History

The type species, Planocrania datangensis, was named in 1976 from material found from Nanxiong in Guangdong Province, China, and the new genus Planocrania was placed in a newly erected family Planocraniidae. A second species, Planocrania hengdongensis, is known from Hengdong County in Hunan Province and was described in 1984.

Planocrania was subsequently included in the family Pristichampsidae along with the genus Pristichampsus. Both genera were previously assigned to the subfamily Pristichampsinae within the family Crocodylidae before they were placed in their own family, the Pristichampsidae.

However, in a 2013 phylogenetic analysis, the two Asian species of Planocrania were found to be most closely related to the North American and European Boverisuchus, and the family Planocraniidae was reinstated to contain these genera and replace Pristichampsidae.

Phylogeny

Phylogenetic analyses based purely on morphological data have generally placed planocraniids in a basal position within the crocodilian crown group. Some of these analyses have found that planocraniids lie just outside Brevirostres, a group that includes alligators, caimans, and crocodiles but not gharials. However, molecular studies using DNA sequencing have found the group Brevirostres to be invalid upon finding that crocodiles and gavialids are more closely related than alligators.

A 2018 tip dating study by Lee & Yates using both molecular, morphological and stratigraphic data instead recovered the planocraniids outside crown group Crocodylia. Below is a cladogram from that study:

In 2021, Rio & Mannion conducted a new phylogenetic study using a heavily modified morphological data set, and also noted the lack of consensus and difficulty in placing Planocraniidae. In their study, they recovered Planocraniidae within Crocodylia, as the sister group to Longirostres, as shown in the cladogram below:

References

1. ^ Rio, Jonathan P.; Mannion, Philip D. (6 September 2021). "Phylogenetic analysis of a new morphological dataset elucidates the evolutionary history of Crocodylia and resolves the long-standing gharial problem". PeerJ. 9: e12094. doi:10.7717/peerj.12094. PMC 8428266. PMID 34567843.
2. ^ Michael S. Y. Lee; Adam M. Yates (27 June 2018). "Tip-dating and homoplasy: reconciling the shallow molecular divergences of modern gharials with their long fossil". Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 285 (1881). doi:10.1098/rspb.2018.1071. PMC 6030529. PMID 30051855.
3. Li, J. L. (1976). "Fossils of Sebecosuchia discovered from Nanxiong, Guangdong". Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 14: 169–173.
4. Li, J. L. (1984). "A new species of Planocrania from Hengdong, Hunan". Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 22 (2): 123–134.
5. Brochu, C. A. (2001). "Crocodylian snouts in space and time: phylogenetic approaches toward adaptive radiation". American Zoologist. 41 (3): 564–585. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.554.231. doi:10.1668/0003-1569(2001)041[0564:CSISAT]2.0.CO;2. S2CID 198156966.
6. ^ Brochu, C. A. (2013). "Phylogenetic relationships of Palaeogene ziphodont eusuchians and the status of Pristichampsus Gervais, 1853". Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. 103 (3–4): 521–550. doi:10.1017/S1755691013000200. S2CID 128920027.
7. Adam P. Cossette; Christopher A. Brochu (2020). "A systematic review of the giant alligatoroid Deinosuchus from the Campanian of North America and its implications for the relationships at the root of Crocodylia". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 40: e1767638. doi:10.1080/02724634.2020.1767638.
8. Blanco, A. (2021). "Importance of the postcranial skeleton in eusuchian phylogeny: Reassessing the systematics of allodaposuchid crocodylians". PLoS ONE. 16 (6): e0251900. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0251900. PMC 8189472. PMID 34106925.
9. Harshman, J.; Huddleston, C. J.; Bollback, J. P.; Parsons, T. J.; Braun, M. J. (2003). "True and false gharials: A nuclear gene phylogeny of crocodylia" (PDF). Systematic Biology. 52 (3): 386–402. doi:10.1080/10635150309323. PMID 12775527.
10. Gatesy, J.; Amato, G. (2008). "The rapid accumulation of consistent molecular support for intergeneric crocodylian relationships". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 48 (3): 1232–1237. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2008.02.009. PMID 18372192.
11. Erickson, G. M.; Gignac, P. M.; Steppan, S. J.; Lappin, A. K.; Vliet, K. A.; Brueggen, J. A.; Inouye, B. D.; Kledzik, D.; Webb, G. J. W. (2012). Claessens, Leon (ed.). "Insights into the ecology and evolutionary success of crocodilians revealed through bite-force and tooth-pressure experimentation". PLOS ONE. 7 (3): e31781. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...731781E. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0031781. PMC 3303775. PMID 22431965.
12. Hekkala, E.; Gatesy, J.; Narechania, A.; Meredith, R.; Russello, M.; Aardema, M. L.; Jensen, E.; Montanari, S.; Brochu, C.; Norell, M.; Amato, G. (2021-04-27). "Paleogenomics illuminates the evolutionary history of the extinct Holocene "horned" crocodile of Madagascar, Voay robustus". Communications Biology. 4 (1): 505. doi:10.1038/s42003-021-02017-0. ISSN 2399-3642. PMC 8079395. PMID 33907305.

v t e Neosuchia
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Sauropsida Clade: Pseudosuchia Clade: Metasuchia Pseudosuchia see Pseudosuchia Neosuchia see below↓
Neosuchia Neosuchia †Burkesuchus †Isisfordia †Karatausuchus †Khoratosuchus †Montsecosuchus †Stolokrosuchus? †Susisuchus †Tadzhikosuchus? †Wahasuchus? †Zhyrasuchus? †Thalattosuchia? †Tethysuchia Pholidosauridae Anglosuchus Chalawan Crocodilaemus Dakotasuchus Elosuchus Meridiosaurus Oceanosuchus Pholidosaurus Sarcosuchus Terminonaris Vectisuchus Woodbinesuchus Dyrosauridae Acherontisuchus Anthracosuchus Arambourgisuchus Atlantosuchus Brachiosuchus Cerrejonisuchus Chenanisuchus Congosaurus Dorbignysuchus Dyrosaurus Fortignathus Guarinisuchus Hyposaurus Luciasuchus Phosphatosaurus Rhabdognathus Rodeosuchus Sabinosuchus? Sokotosuchus Tilemsisuchus †Atoposauridae Alligatorellus Alligatorium Aprosuchus Atoposaurus Knoetschkesuchus Sabresuchus Theriosuchus Varanosuchus †Stomatosuchidae Laganosuchus Stomatosuchus †Paluxysuchidae Deltasuchus Paluxysuchus †Goniopholididae Amphicotylus Anteophthalmosuchus Calsoyasuchus Coelosuchus Denazinosuchus Diplosaurus Eutretauranosuchus Goniopholis Hulkepholis Nannosuchus Ophiussasuchus Oweniasuchus Pinacosuchus? Siamosuchus Sunosuchus Symptosuchus? †Bernissartiidae Bernissartia Koumpiodontosuchus †Paralligatoridae Batrachomimus Brillanceausuchus Kansajsuchus Paralligator Rugosuchus Scolomastax Shamosuchus Tarsomordeo Turanosuchus Wannchampsus Yanjisuchus Eusuchia see below↓
Eusuchia Eusuchia †Borealosuchus †Confractosuchus †Dolichochampsa †Gilchristosuchus †Heterosuchus †Isisfordia? †Portugalosuchus †Pristichampsus †Susisuchus? †Titanochampsa? †Atoposauridae? †Bernissartiidae? †Paralligatoridae? †Hylaeochampsidae Acynodon? Hylaeochampsa Iharkutosuchus Pachycheilosuchus? Pietraroiasuchus Turcosuchus Unasuchus †Allodaposuchidae Agaresuchus Allodaposuchus Arenysuchus? Ischyrochampsa Lohuecosuchus Massaliasuchus Musturzabalsuchus? †Aegyptosuchidae Aegyptosuchus Aegisuchus †"Thoracosaurs" Argochampsa Eogavialis Eosuchus Eothoracosaurus Thoracosaurus †Planocraniidae Boverisuchus Duerosuchus Planocrania Crocodilia see Crocodilia for extant taxa, and Extinct Crocodilia for extinct ones
See also: Coelognathosuchia Category

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