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Platypharodon extremus
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	Cypriniformes
Family:	Cyprinidae
Genus:	Platypharodon Herzenstein, 1891
Species:	P. extremus
Binomial name
Platypharodon extremus Herzenstein, 1891

Platypharodon extremus is a species of cyprinid fish endemic to the upper Yellow River basin in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau of China. It is the only member of its genus, but is related to other schizothoracines (snowtrout and allies) like Aspiorhynchus, Chuanchia, Gymnocypris, Oxygymnocypris, Ptychobarbus, Schizopyge, Schizopygopsis and Schizothorax.

P. extremus reaches up to 60 cm (2 ft) in length and 2.5 kg (5.5 lb) in weight. Similar to Schizopygopsis, P. extremus has a horny sheath on the lower jaw and spoon-shaped teeth that it uses to scrape off periphyton and algae from stones, but it will also eat benthic invertebrates.

An important food fish, P. extremus has seriously declined and is now listed as vulnerable on China's Red List. The species has been bred and raised in captivity, and individuals are released back into the wild from two purposely built stations in an attempt of countering its threatened status.

References

1. ^ Zhang, Y.P.; Z.Y. Lou; J.H. Su; W.L. Jiai; T. Wang; X.F. Gong; S.H. Qi; J.P. Wu; and Y.M. Wei (2010–2011). Artificial propagation of Platypharodon extremus. Journal of Fisheries of China.
2. Su, J.; W. Ji; Y. Zhang; D.M. Gleeson; Z. Lou; J. Ren; and Y. Wei (2015). Genetic diversity and demographic history of the endangered and endemic fish (Platypharodon extremus): implications for stock enhancement in Qinghai Tibetan Plateau. Environ Biol Fish 98(3): 763–774. doi:10.1007/s10641-014-0310-3
3. ^ Tang, Y.; C. Li; K. Wanghe; C. Feng; C. Tong; F. Tian; and K. Zhao (2019). Convergent evolution misled taxonomy in schizothoracine fishes (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 134: 323–337 doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2019.01.008
4. Qi, D.; Y. Chao; Y. Zhao; M. Xia; and R. Wu (2018). Molecular evolution of myoglobin in the Tibetan Plateau endemic schizothoracine fish (Cyprinidae, Teleostei) and tissue-specific expression changes under hypoxia. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry 44(2): 557–571. doi:10.1007/s10695-017-0453-1.
5. Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Platypharodon extremus". FishBase. May 2019 version.
6. ^ Qi, D. (2016). Fish of the Upper Yellow River. Pp. 233–252 in: G.J. Brierley et al. (eds.). Landscape and Ecosystem Diversity, Dynamics and Management in the Yellow River Source Zone. Springer Geography. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-30475-5_11
7. Walker, K.F.; and H.Z. Yang (1999). Fish and Fisheries if China. Food and Agriculture Organization. Retrieved 10 May 2019.

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• Cyprinid fish of Asia
• Freshwater fish of China
• Endemic fauna of China
• Taxa named by Solomon Herzenstein
• Fish described in 1891
• Cyprinidae stubs