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List of political parties in Brazil

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Brazil has a multi-party system since 1979, when the country's military dictatorship disbanded an enforced two-party system and allowed the creation of multiple parties.

Above the broad range of political parties in Brazilian Congress, the Workers' Party (PT), the Brazilian Democratic Movement (MDB), the Liberal Party (PL), the Progressives (PP) and the Brazil Union (UNIÃO) together control the absolute majority of seats in the Senate and Chamber of Deputies. Smaller parties often make alliances with at least one of these five major parties. The number of political parties reached the apex of 35 on 2018, 30 of which were represented in congress after the 2018 general election. However, an electoral threshold introduced on 2017 has resulted in the culling and merger of many parties, as it cuts access to party subsidies and free party political broadcasts.

Brazilian parties have access to party subsidies in form of the Fundo Partidário (lit. 'Party Fund') and the Fundo Eleitoral (lit. 'Electoral Fund') for elections. And a system of free party political broadcasts during election time known as the horário eleitoral gratuito.

Since 1982, Brazilian political parties have been given an electoral number to make it easier for illiterate people to vote. Initially, it was a one-digit number: 1 for PDS, 2 for PDT, 3 for PT, 4 for PTB, and 5 for PMDB. When it became clear that there was going to be more than nine parties, two-digit numbers were assigned, with the first five parties having a "1" added to their former one-digit number (PDS becoming number 11, PDT 12, PT 13, PTB 14, and PMDB 15). Political parties often change their names, but they can retain their number.

In terms of association, parties can form electoral coalitions and party federations. Since 2017, coalitions are only allowed in elections under the majority system. Therefore, political parties can unite in support for a presidential or senatorial candidate, for example. However, parties cannot form coalitions for the election of federal deputies, state deputies and councillors. Coalitions are formed before the elections and do not oblige parties to remain together afterwards. Party federations, on the other hand, are legally different from coalitions in that they are longer-lasting, have a national scope and require ideological unity. Unlike coalitions, the parties that make up a federation are treated as a single party in legislative activity and in elections; they are prohibited from acting independently in the legislative houses or from filing election-related lawsuits, as the federation has the sole legal standing to do so.

Active parties

Parties represented in the National Congress

Logo Party Ideology Leader(s) Chamber Senate Assemblies Federation
Liberal Party
Partido Liberal 		PL Right-wing populism
Conservative liberalism
Bolsonarism 		Valdemar Costa Neto,
Jair Bolsonaro 		92 / 513 14 / 81 128 / 1,059 —
Workers' Party
Partido dos Trabalhadores 		PT Social democracy
Lulism 		Gleisi Hoffmann,
Lula da Silva 		68 / 513 9 / 81 118 / 1,059 Brazil of Hope
Brazil Union
União Brasil 		União Catch-all
Liberal conservatism 		Antônio de Rueda
(acting) 		59 / 513 7 / 81 99 / 1,059 —
Progressives
Progressistas 		PP Catch-all
Liberal conservatism 		Ciro Nogueira 50 / 513 7 / 81 86 / 1,059 —
Social Democratic Party
Partido Social Democrático 		PSD Catch-all Gilberto Kassab 45 / 513 15 / 81 79 / 1,059 —
Brazilian Democratic Movement
Movimento Democrático Brasileiro 		MDB Catch-all Baleia Rossi 44 / 513 10 / 81 94 / 1,059 —
Republicans
Republicanos 		Conservatism
Christian right 		Marcos Pereira 44 / 513 4 / 81 76 / 1,059 —
Democratic Labour Party
Partido Democrático Trabalhista 		PDT Labourism
Left-wing nationalism 		André Figueiredo
(acting) 		18 / 513 3 / 81 44 / 1,059 —
We Can
Podemos 		Pode Liberal conservatism
Direct democracy 		Renata Abreu 14 / 513 6 / 81 48 / 1,059 —
Brazilian Socialist Party
Partido Socialista Brasileiro 		PSB Social democracy
Social liberalism 		Carlos Siqueira 14 / 513 4 / 81 54 / 1,059 —
Socialism and Liberty Party
Partido Socialismo e Liberdade 		PSOL Democratic socialism
Eco-socialism
Progressivism 		Paula Coradi 13 / 513 — 22 / 1,059 PSOL-Rede
Brazilian Social Democracy Party
Partido da Social Democracia Brasileira 		PSDB Liberalism
Third Way 		Marconi Perillo 12 / 513 1 / 81 55 / 1,059 PSDB-Citizenship
Communist Party of Brazil
Partido Comunista do Brasil 		PCdoB Communism
Marxism–Leninism 		Luciana Santos 7 / 513 — 18 / 1,059 Brazil of Hope
Forward
Avante 		Catch-all
Solidarism 		Luis Tibé 7 / 513 — 14 / 1,059 —
Solidarity
Solidariedade 		Catch-all
Solidarism 		Paulinho da Força
(acting) 		5 / 513 — 29 / 1,059 —
Democratic Renewal Party
Partido Renovação Democrática 		PRD Conservatism Ovasco Resende 5 / 513 — 25 / 1,059 —
Green Party
Partido Verde 		PV Green politics José Luiz Penna 5 / 513 — 20 / 1,059 Brazil of Hope
Citizenship
Cidadania 		Social liberalism Comte Bittencourt 5 / 513 — 19 / 1,059 PSDB-Citizenship
New Party
Partido Novo 		NOVO Conservative liberalism
Right-libertarianism 		Eduardo Ribeiro 4 / 513 1 / 81 5 / 1,059 —
Sustainability Network
Rede Sustentabilidade 		REDE Sustainability
Green liberalism 		Heloísa Helena,
Wesley Diógenes 		1 / 513 — 6 / 1,059 PSOL-Rede

Parties without representation in the National Congress

Logo Party Ideology Leader(s) Assemblies
Brazilian Labour Renewal Party
Partido Renovador Trabalhista Brasileiro 		PRTB Right-wing populism
Social conservatism 		Leonardo Avalanche,
Pablo Marçal 		6 / 1,059
Act
Agir 		Catch-all
Solidarism
Autistic people's interests 		Daniel Tourinho 5 / 1,059
National Mobilization
Mobilização Nacional 		Mobiliza Brazilian nationalism
Third-worldism 		Antonio Massarollo 5 / 1,059
Brazilian Woman's Party
Partido da Mulher Brasileira 		PMB Women's rights
Anti-feminism 		Suêd Haidar 3 / 1,059
Christian Democracy
Democracia Cristã 		DC Christian democracy José Maria Eymael 1 / 1,059
Workers' Cause Party
Partido da Causa Operária 		PCO Trotskyism
Anti-imperialism 		Rui Costa Pimenta —
Brazilian Communist Party
Partido Comunista Brasileiro 		PCB Marxism-Leninism Edmilson Costa —
United Socialist Workers' Party
Partido Socialista dos Trabalhadores Unificado 		PSTU Trotskyism
Morenismo 		Zé Maria —
Popular Unity
Unidade Popular 		UP Revolutionary socialism
Anti-capitalism
Anti-racism 		Léo Péricles —

Extinct parties

This list presents the parties of the current Sixth Republic that were once recognized by the Superior Electoral Court, but have ceased to exist. The existence of all these parties has ended by the result of mergers.

Historical parties

This list presents the parties that never reached the Sixth Republic. Due to the large number of parties that were dissolved, especially during the First and Second Republics, it is not intended to be an exhaustive list.

Imperial Brazil (1822–1889)

First and Second Republics (1889–1937)

Fourth Republic (1945–1964)

Military Dictatorship (1964–1985)

See also

Notes

  1. Known from 1985 to 2007 as the Party of the Liberal Front (Partido da Frente Liberal).
  2. Known from 1995 to 1998 as the National Solidarist Party (Partido Solidarista Nacional), and from 1998 to 2000 as the Party of National Solidarity (Partido da Solidariedade Nacional).
  3. Known from 2011 to 2017 as the National Ecological Party (Partido Ecológico Nacional).
  4. Also called Progressive Party.
  5. Known from 1945 to 1947 as the Democratic Left (Esquerda Democrática).
  6. Known from 1946 to 1947 as the Proletarian Party of Brazil (Partido Proletário do Brasil).
  7. Created from the merger of three parties: the National Agrarian Party (Partido Agrário Nacional), the Popular Syndicalist Party (Partido Popular Sindicalista) and the Progressive Republican Party (Partido Republicano Progressista).
  8. Known from 1958 until its dissolution in 1965 as the Rural Labour Party (Partido Rural Trabalhista).

References

  1. Sousa, Ana Cristina Augusto de; Silva, Lays Correa da (6 August 2021). "Redemocratização no Brasil: continuidade ou ruptura?". Topoi (Rio de Janeiro) (in Portuguese). 22 (47): 570–575. doi:10.1590/2237-101X02204713. ISSN 1518-3319. S2CID 238849517.
  2. Freedom House report on Brazil, 2007
  3. "Estatísticas do eleitorado – Eleitores filiados". tse.jus.br (in Brazilian Portuguese). Archived from the original on 9 May 2019. Retrieved 3 June 2020.
  4. ^ "Número de partidos na Câmara deve cair após ápice da fragmentação em 2018". Poder360 (in Brazilian Portuguese). 24 February 2021. Retrieved 16 October 2022.
  5. "Brasil tem 75 partidos políticos em processo de formação".
  6. "Brasil vai às urnas em outubro com 35 partidos". Senado Federal (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 16 October 2022.
  7. "Perspectiva é de fusão entre partidos". Valor Econômico (in Brazilian Portuguese). 4 October 2022. Retrieved 16 October 2022.
  8. Fundo Partidário (estudo) Archived 2014-11-29 at the Wayback Machine. Por Miriam Campelo de Melo Amorim. Brasília: Biblioteca Digital da Câmara dos Deputados, outubro de 2005.
  9. "L9504". www.planalto.gov.br. Retrieved 16 October 2022.
  10. Emenda Constitucional nº 97. www.planalto.gov.br. Retrieved 18 September 2024.
  11. "Das Coligações". TRE-PI (in Portuguese). Retrieved 19 September 2024.
  12. Barros, Ezikelly (4 August 2022). "Partidos federados não podem atuar isoladamente desde o registro no TSE". Consultor Jurídico (in Portuguese). Retrieved 19 September 2024.
  13. "Bancadas atuais da Câmara dos Deputados". Chamber of Deputies. Retrieved 15 September 2024.
  14. "Senadores em Exercício". Federal Senate. Retrieved 15 September 2024.
  15. ^ "Resultado da Eleição". sig.tse.jus.br (in Portuguese). Retrieved 15 September 2024.
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