| Politics of Spain |
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This article serves as a list of the political parties in Spain.
Spain has a multi-party system at both the national and regional level, the major parties nationwide being the People's Party (PP) and the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE).
Spain was formerly considered to have a two-party system dominated by the PSOE and the PP; however, the current makeup has no formation or coalition with enough seats to claim a parliamentary majority in the bicameral Cortes Generales (consisting of both the national Congress of Deputies and regional representation in the Senate). Regional parties can be strong in autonomous communities, notably Catalonia and the Basque Country, and are often essential for national government coalitions.
National political formations of Spain
- People's Party (Partido Popular, PP) — mainstream centre-right party, that is conservative, Catholic and economically liberal and which conforms the largest group in Congress and Senate and leads the parliamentary opposition. The People's Party originates from the People's Alliance (Alianza Popular, AP) refoundation in 1989. The party has governed from 1996 to 2004 and from 2011 to 2018.
- Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (Partido Socialista Obrero Español, PSOE) — mainstream centre-left social democratic party linked to General Union of Workers (Unión General de Trabajadores, UGT) trade union. The Socialists' Party of Catalonia (Partit dels Socialistes de Catalunya, PSC) acts as the party's instance in Catalonia. The party has governed from 1982 to 1996, from 2004 to 2011 and since 2018.
- Vox — a right-wing to far-right party that split from the People's Party in 2014; their main ideologies are social and national conservatism, economic liberalism and centralism (i.e. strong opposition to Spain's peripheral nationalisms). Vox opposes LGBT movements in Spain while endorsing anti-LGBT rhetoric abroad, rejects European federalism and defends narrowing the naturalisation of immigrant individuals of Maghrebi origin. It has allied to other right-wing to far-right political parties from Latin America, Italian Brothers of Italy and Hungarian Fidesz.
- Sumar — a left-wing and progressive electoral platform established in 2022, constituted as an instrumental political party. It conforms an alliance of left-wing formations, some of them formerly comprising the Unidas Podemos and Más País political alliances, including nationwide United Left, Más Madrid, Greens Equo and regional Compromís, Chunta and Batzarre, among others. Like preceding Unidas Podemos, Sumar forms a coalition with governing PSOE.
- We can (Podemos), a left-wing political party founded in 2014 in the aftermath of the 15-M Movement. It was in government as junior partner of the PSOE from 2020 to 2023, within the alliance Unidas Podemos.
- Citizens (Ciudadanos, Cs) — a centre-right liberal and Spanish nationalist party. It supports a high degree of political decentralization, but it rejects autonomous communities' right to self-determination. Once the third-largest force in Congress, its popular support sharply declined in the November 2019 general election. The party has established an electoral alliance with PP in the Basque Country. It didn't contest the latest general elections.
Political parties with parliamentary representation
Represented in Cortes Generales
| Party or coalition | Ideology | Leader | Deputies | Senators | MEPs | Regional dep. | Councillors | Coalition partners | Notes | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
.svg){kind=small}
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People's Party (PP) Partido Popular |
Conservatism Christian democracy |
Alberto Núñez Feijóo | 137 / 350 | 140 / 265 | 22 / 61 | 452 / 1,258 | 23,412 / 66,979 | PP (88) | ||
|
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) Partido Socialista Obrero Español |
Social democracy | Pedro Sánchez | 121 / 350 | 88 / 265 | 20 / 61 | 354 / 1,258 | 20,784 / 66,979 | PSOE (102) PSC (19) |
||
|
Vox (Vox) Vox |
National conservatism Right-wing populism |
Santiago Abascal | 33 / 350 | 3 / 265 | 6 / 61 | 119 / 1,258 | 1,695 / 66,979 | |||
|
Unite (Sumar) Sumar |
Progressivism Left-wing populism Green politics |
Yolanda Díaz | 26 / 350 | 2 / 265 | 3 / 61 | 38 / 1,258 | 1,995 / 66,979 | SMR (10) | ||
|
Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC) Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya |
Catalan independence Left-wing nationalism Social democracy |
Oriol Junqueras | 7 / 350 | 6 / 265 | 1 / 61 | 33 / 1,258 | 2,903 / 66,979 | |||
.svg){kind=small}
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Together for Catalonia (JxCat) Junts per Catalunya |
Catalan independence Populism |
Laura Borràs | 7 / 350 | 3 / 265 | 1 / 61 | 35 / 1,258 | 2,683 / 66,979 | |||
.svg){kind=small}
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Basque Country Unite (EH Bildu) Euskal Herria Bildu |
Basque independence Abertzale left Socialism |
Arnaldo Otegi | 6 / 350 | 5 / 265 | 1 / 61 | 30 / 1,258 | 1,399 / 66,979 | Sortu (1) Alternatiba (1) |
||
.svg){kind=small}
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We can (Podemos) Podemos |
Democratic socialism Left-wing populism |
Ione Belarra | 5 / 350 | 0 / 265 | 2 / 61 | 17 / 1,258 | 1,995 / 66,979 | |||
| Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) Euzko Alderdi Jeltzalea Partido Nacionalista Vasco |
Basque nationalism Christian democracy Social democracy |
Andoni Ortuzar | 5 / 350 | 5 / 265 | 1 / 61 | 31 / 1,258 | 986 / 66,979 | ||||
|
Canarian Coalition (CCa) Coalición Canaria |
Regionalism Canarian nationalism Centrism |
Fernando Clavijo | 1 / 350 | 1 / 265 | 0 / 61 | 19 / 1,258 | 304 / 66,979 | |||
.svg){kind=small}
|
Commitment Coalition (Compromís) Coalició Compromís |
Valencian nationalism Eco-socialism Green politics |
Joan Baldoví | 1 / 350 | 1 / 265 | 1 / 61 | 15 / 1,258 | 662 / 66,979 | Part of Sumar since June 2023. | ||
|
Galician Nationalist Bloc (BNG) Bloque Nacionalista Galego |
Galician nationalism Left-wing nationalism Socialism |
Ana Pontón | 1 / 350 | 1 / 265 | 1 / 61 | 19 / 1,258 | 590 / 66,979 | |||
|
Navarrese People's Union (UPN) Unión del Pueblo Navarro |
Conservatism Christian democracy Regionalism |
Javier Esparza | 1 / 350 | 1 / 265 | 0 / 61 | 15 / 1,258 | 298 / 66,979 | |||
|
More for Majorca (Més) Més per Mallorca |
Left-wing nationalism Democratic socialism Green politics |
Lluís Apesteguia | 0 / 350 | 1 / 265 | 0 / 61 | 4 / 1,258 | 118 / 66,979 | Part of Sumar since June 2023. | ||
.svg){kind=small}
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Yes to the Future (GBai) Geroa Bai |
Basque nationalism Social democracy |
Uxue Barkos | 0 / 350 | 1 / 265 | 0 / 61 | 7 / 50 | 50 / 66,979 | GSB/GSV EAJ/PNV |
||
.svg){kind=small}
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Gomera Socialist Group (ASG) Agrupación Socialista Gomera |
Insularism Social democracy |
Casimiro Curbelo | 0 / 350 | 1 / 265 | 0 / 61 | 3 / 1,258 | 34 / 66,979 | |||
|
Independent Herrenian Group (AHI) Agrupación Herreña Independiente |
Insularism Canarian nationalism Centrism |
Narvay Quintero | 0 / 350 | 1 / 265 | 0 / 61 | 1 / 70 | 9 / 66,979 | |||
Represented in regional parliaments
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Represented in the European Parliament only
Se Acabó La Fiesta was founded right before the 2024 European Parliament election and won 3 seats. It is designated as a grouping of electors rather than as an official political party.
Political parties without representation
- Citizens - Party of the Citizenry (Ciudadanos-Partido de la Ciudadanía, CS) (2006–present)
- Animalist Party with the Environment (Partido Animalista Con el Medio Ambiente, PACMA) (2003–present)
- Libertarian Party (Partido Libertario) (2009–present)
- Escaños en Blanco (2010–present)
- For a Fairer World (Por un Mundo Más Justo, PM+J) (2004–present)
- Zero Cuts (Recortes Cero) (2014–present)
- The Greens–Green Group (Los Verdes–Grupo Verde) (1994–present)
- Humanist Party (Partido Humanista) (1984–present)
- Carlist Party (Partido Carlista) (1970–present)
- Comunión Tradicionalista Carlista (1986–present)
- Internet Party (Partido de Internet) (2009–present)
- Authentic Phalanx (Falange Auténtica) (2002–present)
- Confederation of the Greens (Confederación de los Verdes) (1984–present)
- Overwhelmed and Annoyed Citizens
- Cannabis Party (Partido Cannabis por la Legalización y la Normalización) (2003–present)
- Party of the Democratic Karma (Partido del Karma Democrático) (2000–present)
- Alianza para el Desarrollo y la Naturaleza
- Iniciativa Socialista de Izquierdas
- Los Parados
- The Eco-pacifist Greens (Los Verdes Ecopacifistas) (1988–present)
- Nueva Izquierda Verde
- Nuevo Partido por la Democracia
- Partido Familia y Vida
- Actúa (2017–present)
- Partido de los Autónomos Jubilados y Viudas
- Republican Alternative (Alternativa Republicana) (2013–present)
- Partido Ibérico
- Partido Mutuo Apoyo Romántico
- Solidaridad y Autogestión Internacionalista (SAIn)
- Foro Centro y Democracia (CYD)
- National Bolshevik Party (Partido Nacional Bolquevique)
- Muerte al Sistema (+MAS+)
- SOMOS España
- Volt Spain (2018–present)
- Workers' Front
Communist parties
- Communist Unification of Spain (UCE) (1973–present)
- Spanish Communist Workers' Party (PCOE) (1973–present)
- Revolutionary Workers' Party (Spain) (1974–present)
- Internationalist Socialist Workers' Party (POSI) (1980–present)
- Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) (1984–present)
- Anticapitalists (1995–present)
- Internationalist Struggle (LI) (1999–present)
- Corriente Roja (CR) (2002–present)
- Communist Party of Spain (Marxist–Leninist) (PCE (M–L)) (2006–present)
- Marxist–Leninist Party (Communist Reconstruction) (PML(RC)) (2014–present)
- Revolutionary Anticapitalist Left (IZAR) (2015–present)
- Workers' Revolutionary Current (CRT) (2017–present)
- Revolutionary Left (IR) (2017–present)
- Communist Party of the Workers of Spain (PCTE) (2019–present)
Nationalist parties
- Falange Española de las JONS (1976–present)
- Spanish Catholic Movement (1981–present)
- National Democracy (1995–present)
- National Workers' Party (Spain) (1999–present)
- España 2000 (2002–present)
- Spanish Alternative (2003–present)
- National Alliance (2006–present)
- Party for Freedom (2013–present)
- Hacer Nación (2020–present)
Regionalist parties
Andalusia
- Andalusi Party (2023–present)
- Partido Regionalista por Andalucía Oriental (PRAO)
Asturias
- Partíu Asturianista (1985–present)
- Andecha Astur (1990–present)
- Asturian Left (1992–present)
- Asturian Renewal Union (1998–present)
- Bloc for Asturias (2003–present)
- Unidá (2007–present)
- Conceyu Abiertu (2011–present)
- Compromisu por Asturies (2011–present)
Basque Country
- Zornotza Eginez (local)
Cantabria
- Cantabrian Nationalist Council (1995–present)
Castile and León
- Partido de El Bierzo (1979–present)
- Partido Regionalista del País Leonés (1980–present)
- Unidad Regionalista de Castilla y León (1992–present)
- Izquierda Castellana (2002–present)
- Agrupación de Electores Independientes Zamoranos
- Partido de Castilla y León (PCAL)
Catalonia
- The Greens–Green Alternative (1999–present)
- Pirate Party of Catalonia (2010–present)
- Catalan Solidarity for Independence (2010–present)
- National Front of Catalonia (2013–present)
- Som Catalans (2014–present)
- Communists of Catalonia (2014–present)
- Convergents (2017–present)
- Nationalist Party of Catalonia (2020-present)
- Alhora (2023–present)
Extremadura
- United Extremadura (1980–present)
- Extremaduran Coalition (1995–present)
Galicia
- Galician People's Front (1986–present)
- Land Party (Partido da Terra) (2011–present)
Madrid
- The Greens of the Community of Madrid (1995–present)
Navarre
- Batzarre (1987–present)
Defunct parties
Defunct major parties
- People's Socialist Party (1968–1978)
- POUM (1935–1980)
- National Union (1979–1982)
- Democratic Reformist Party (1983–1986)
- Progressive Federation (1984–1988)
- People's Alliance, refounded as People's Party (1976–1989)
- Liberal Party, absorbed into the People's Party (1976–1989)
- People's Democratic Party, absorbed into the People's Party (1982–1989)
- Union of the Democratic Centre (1977–1983), refounded as Democratic and Social Centre (1982–2006) (merged into PP)
- Socialist Action Party(1972–2001)
- Communist Unity (1985–1991) Absorbed in to PSOE
- Liberal Independent Group (1991–2007)
- Majorca Socialist Party (1977–2013), absorbed into PSM–Nationalist Agreement
- Valencian Union (1982–2014)
- Nafarroa Bai (2004–2015)
- Andalusian Party (1965–2015)
- Open Left (2012–2018)
- Union, Progress and Democracy (2007–2020), a progressive party which ideologically combined social liberalism with centralism from the radical centre of political spectrum. It strongly supported the unity of Spain, thereby being an enemy of Spain's peripheral nationalism.
Defunct parties of Catalonia
- Left nationalists (1979-1984)
- Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia (PSUC) (1936–1997) dissolved, but (PSUC viu) was founded after its dissolution
- Agreement of Left Nationalists (1985-1987)
- League of Catalonia–Catalan Liberal Party (1976–1977)
- Democratic Union–Broad Centre (1978–1979)
- Catalan Solidarity (1980)
- Union of the Centre of Catalonia (1978–1981)
- Social Democratic Party of Catalonia (1976–1988)
- The Greens–Ecologist Confederation of Catalonia (1994–2001)
- Citizens for Change (1999–2011)
- Party of the Communists of Catalonia (1982–2014), rebranded as Communists of Catalonia
- Convergence and Union (1978–2015)
- In Struggle (1994–2016)
- Democratic Union of Catalonia (1977–2017) rebranded as United to Advance
- Platform for Catalonia (2002–2019) (merged into Vox)
- Initiative for Catalonia Greens (1987–2019) rebranded as green left
- National Call for the Republic (2018–2020) Merged into Junts
- Catalan European Democratic Party (2016–2023)
Defunct parties of the Basque Country
- Euskadiko Ezkerra, absorbed into Socialist Party of the Basque Country (1977–1993)
- Herri Batasuna (1978–2001), refounded as Batasuna (2001–2013), the political branch of ETA, illegal
- Euskal Herritarrok (1998–2003), banned
- Communist Party of the Basque Homelands (2002–2008), outlawed
- Basque Nationalist Action (1930–2008), outlawed
- Askatasuna (1998–2009), banned
- Herritarren Zerrenda (2004), banned
- Demokrazia Hiru Milioi (2009), outlawed
- Zutik (1991–2011)
- Amaiur (2011–2015), became EH Bildu
- Aralar (2000–2017)
Defunct minor parties
- National Alliance July 18 (1977)
- Asturian Nationalist Council (1979–1981)
- Spanish Solidarity (1982–1984)
- Partido Galeguista (1977–1984)
- Ensame Nacionalista Astur (1982–1988)
- Revolutionary Communist League (Spain) (1971–1991)
- Asturian Nationalist Unity (1988–1992)
- Alternative Left (Spain) (1991–1993)
- Communist Workers League (Spain) (1973–1999)
- Alianza por la Unidad Nacional (1995–2005) (Merged into National Alliance)
- Another Democracy is Possible (2003–2006)
- Spanish Democratic Party (1996–2008)
- Commoners' Land (1988–2009)
- National Front (2006–2011)
- Cantabrian Unity (2002–2011)
- Galician Coalition (1983–2012)
- Union of the Salamancan People (2002–2014)
- Unión Centrista Liberal (1978–2014)
- Nós–Unidade Popular (2001–2015)
- Republican Social Movement (1999–2018)
- Independent Socialists of Extremadura (1994–2018)
- Pirate Party (2006–2022)
- Citizens for Blank Votes (2002–2022)
- The Phalanx (1999–2024)
Historical parties
Reign of Isabella II and the Sexenio Democrático
- Moderate Party (1834–1874)
- Progressive Party (1834–1874)
- Democratic Party (1849–1869)
- Liberal Union (1858–1874)
- Traditionalist Communion (1869–1937)
- Radical Democratic Party (1871–1880)
- Federal Democratic Republican Party (1868–1912)
- Constitutional Party (1872–1880)
Bourbon restoration
- Conservative Party (1876–1931)
- Liberal Party (1880–1931)
- Traditionalist Communion (1869–1937)
- Regionalist League of Catalonia (1901–1936)
- Republican Nationalist Federal Union (1910–1917)
- Republican–Socialist Conjunction (1909–1919)
- Maurist Party (1913–1930)
- Reformist Party (1912–1924)
- Radical Republican Party (1908–1936)
- Spanish Patriotic Union (1924–1930)
Second Spanish Republic
- National Front
- Confederación Española de Derechas Autónomas (1933–1937)
- Popular Action (1930–1933)
- Spanish Agrarian Party (1934–1936)
- Spanish Nationalist Party (1930–1936)
- Spanish Renovation (1933–1937)
- Traditionalist Communion (1869–1937)
- Confederación Española de Derechas Autónomas (1933–1937)
- Popular Front
- Republican Left (1934–1959)
- Republican Union (1934–1958)
- Syndicalist Party (1934–1976)
- Workers' Party of Marxist Unification (1935–1980)
- Radical Republican Party (1908–1936)
- Falange Española de las JONS (1934–1937)
- Falange Española (1933–1934)
- Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional-Sindicalista (1931–1934)
- Regionalist League of Catalonia (1901–1936)
- Radical Socialist Republican Party (1929–1934)
- Liberal Republican Right (1930–1936)
- Republican Action (1925–1934)
- Conservative Republican Party (1932–1936)
- Party of the Democratic Centre (1936–1939)
Francoist Spain
During the period of the Francoist Regime from 1939 to 1977, Spain was a One-party state. That means that only one political party, the Falange Española Tradicionalista y de las Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional Sindicalista (FET y de las JONS), was legally allowed to hold power.
- Falange Española Tradicionalista y de las Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional Sindicalista (1937–1977)
- Falange Española de las JONS (1934–1937)
- Traditionalist Communion (1869–1937)
See also
- Politics of Spain
- List of political parties by country
- List of political parties in Catalonia
- List of political parties in Galicia
- Liberalism and radicalism in Spain
- Republicanism in Spain
- Anarchism in Spain
- The far-right in Spain
- Federalism in Spain
- Parties and factions in Isabelline Spain
References
- "Shake-up in Spain: Reform parties have broken the old two-party cartel - The Washington Post". The Washington Post. 2017-09-29. Archived from the original on 2017-09-29. Retrieved 2022-10-27.
- "Composición - Congreso de los Diputados". www.congreso.es. Retrieved 2021-08-17.
- "Fraga se empleó a fondo para lograr que el congreso de AP cambie el nombre del partido". El País (in Spanish). 1989-01-20. ISSN 1134-6582. Retrieved 2021-08-17.
- "Spanish ruling party rebels launch new conservative party". Reuters. 2014-01-16. Retrieved 2022-08-01.
- "Vox registra una Ley de Igualdad para derogar las leyes LGTBI en Madrid". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 2021-10-25. Retrieved 2022-08-01.
- "El discurso contra el colectivo LGTBI de Giorgia Meloni, heredera del fascismo italiano, en un mitin de Vox en Marbella". www.lasexta.com (in Spanish). 2022-06-13. Retrieved 2022-08-01.
- "Vox muestra su apoyo a Hungría por "no arrodillarse ante la embestida de la ideología LGTB"". El Plural (in Spanish). 2021-06-24. Retrieved 2022-08-01.
- "Abascal firma una declaración sobre el Futuro de Europa con Orban, Marine Le Pen, Georgia Meloni y Salvini". ELMUNDO (in Spanish). 2021-07-02. Retrieved 2022-08-01.
- González, Miguel (2021-11-10). "Vox quiere endurecer las trabas a la nacionalización de los inmigrantes magrebíes". El País (in Spanish). Retrieved 2022-08-01.
- "Abascal promueve una carta con políticos americanos contra el comunismo". Infobae (in European Spanish). Retrieved 2022-08-01.
- "Vox estrecha lazos con derecha peruana y suma firmas a su pacto anticomunista". SWI swissinfo.ch (in Spanish). Retrieved 2022-08-01.
- "Vox y Fratelli d'Italia crean un grupo de trabajo para romper los "cordones sanitarios"". Vozpópuli (in Spanish). 2021-05-19. Retrieved 2022-08-01.
- Agencias (2021-05-27). "Orban recibe a Abascal en Budapest y el líder de Vox lo señala como su ejemplo para España". elconfidencial.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 2022-08-01.
- "Catalonia election: full results". The Guardian.
- "Ciudadanos in crisis: How Spain's center couldn't hold". Politico. 2021-04-26. Retrieved 2022-08-01.
- Pérez, Fernando J. (2019-11-11). "Ciudadanos pierde en todas las provincias más de la mitad de los votos que obtuvo en abril". El País (in Spanish). ISSN 1134-6582. Retrieved 2022-08-01.
- "Ciudadanos pacta con el PP ocupar el segundo puesto de las listas por Álava y Vizcaya en las elecciones vascas". Europa Press. 2020-02-20. Retrieved 2021-08-18.
- A centre-left party focused on the fight for animal rights, the environment and social justice. The party seeks to ban all sorts of bullfighting events.
- "La entrevista: 'Somos un ejemplo para los jóvenes'". Pinares Noticias (in Spanish). June 17, 2014. Retrieved June 27, 2014.
- Antón, B. (June 11, 2014). "La vocación por bandera". Diario de Burgos (in Spanish). Retrieved June 27, 2014.
- "Resultados elecciones generales 2019 - Muerte al Sistema, el Partido RISA y Unión de Todos: estos son los partidos menos votados el 28-A". Vozpópuli (in European Spanish). Europa Press. 2019-04-29. Retrieved 2019-04-30.
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