Misplaced Pages

Demographics of Indonesia
Population pyramid of Indonesia in 2020
Population	280.725.438 (2023 civil registration) 270,203,917 (2020 census)
Growth rate	1,13% (2023 est.)
Birth rate	15.32 births/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Death rate	6.75 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Life expectancy	73.08 years
• male	70.86 years
• female	75.4 years
Fertility rate	2.1 children born/woman (2022 est.)
Infant mortality rate	19.73 deaths/1,000 live births
Net migration rate	-0.71 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Age structure
0–14 years	23.87%
15–64 years	68.31%
65 and over	7.82%
Sex ratio
Total	1 male(s)/female (2022 est.)
At birth	1.05 male(s)/female
Under 15	1.05 male(s)/female
65 and over	0.66 male(s)/female
Nationality
Nationality	Indonesian
Major ethnic	40.1% Javanese 15.5% Sundanese 3.7% Malay 3.6% Batak 3.0% Madurese 34.1% other ethnic groups
Language
Official	Indonesian
Spoken	Javanese Sundanese Madurese Minangkabau Buginese Palembang other languages

The population of Indonesia was 270.20 million according to the 2020 national census, an increase from 237.64 million in 2010. The official estimate as at end 2023 was 280 million increasing at a rate of 1.17% per year. Indonesia is the fourth most populous country in the world. Approximately 55% of Indonesia's population resides on Java, which is the most populous island in the world.

Despite a fairly effective family planning program that has been in place since 1967, Indonesia's average population growth per year was over 1.1% for the decade ending in 2020, nearly having 13% population growth for that decade. At this rate, Indonesia's population is projected to surpass the population of the United States if the recent population growth continues.

Indonesia has a relatively young population compared to Western nations, though it is aging as the country's birth rate has slowed and its life expectancy has increased. The median age was 30.2 years in 2017. Indonesia encompasses thousands of different ethnic groups, cultures, and hundreds of languages, some of which are related to each other. Since independence, Indonesian is the language of most written communication, education, government, and business. Many local ethnic languages are the first language of most Indonesians and are still important. Examples of local languages are Javanese, Sundanese, and Balinese.

Population

Population by province

Source: Population Census 2010, except for final column, taken from Population Census 2020.

Note: North Kalimantan province was created in 2012 (by separation from East Kalimantan province); the 2010 total figures given are those for the provinces as they were following that splitting (Urban % and Total Fertility Rate columns unadjusted).

Age structure

Age structure in Indonesia (2020)

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2020) (Data are based on the publication: "Indonesia Population Projection 2015-2045"):

Vital statistics

United Nations estimates

Source: UN DESA, World Population Prospects, 2022

Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. Updates on reimplementing the Graph extension, which will be known as the Chart extension, can be found on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org.

Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. Updates on reimplementing the Graph extension, which will be known as the Chart extension, can be found on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org.

Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. Updates on reimplementing the Graph extension, which will be known as the Chart extension, can be found on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org.

Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. Updates on reimplementing the Graph extension, which will be known as the Chart extension, can be found on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org.

Registered births and deaths

Data from Department of Statistics of Indonesia :

Fertility and Births (Demographic and Health Surveys)

Total Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and Crude Birth Rate (CBR):

According to the CIA World Factbook, in 2020 Indonesia's average total fertility rate was 2.04 children/born per woman.

Fertility rate and aging population (by province)

Total fertility rate (TFR) and population over age 60 by region as of 2010:

Ethnic groups

Indonesia is a country of great ethnic diversity, with approximately 600 distinct indigenous ethnic groups living side by side across more than 17,000 islands. The majority of Indonesia's population is descended from Austronesian peoples who are concentrated in western and central Indonesia, which is part of the Asian continent. Another large group is the Melanesian peoples, who inhabit the eastern part of Indonesia (the Maluku Islands, Western New Guinea, and the East Nusa Tenggara) in Oceania.

The Javanese are the largest ethnic group, accounting for 40.2% of the population and are culturally, economically, and politically dominant. The Javanese are concentrated in Java, the most populous island, especially in the central and eastern parts, and also in significant numbers in most provinces due to extensive migration throughout the archipelago. The Sundanese are the next largest group (15.4%), followed by the Malays, Batak, Madurese, Betawi, Minangkabau, and Bugis. A sense of Indonesian nationalism is present along with strong ethnic and regional identities.

Religions

Religion in Indonesia (2023)

Indonesia is the world's most populous Muslim-majority nation; based on civil registration data in 2023 from Ministry of Home Affairs, 87.06% of Indonesians are Muslims, 10.47% Christians (7.41% Protestants, 3.06% Roman Catholic), 1.68% Hindu, 0.71% Buddhists, 0.03% Confucians and 0.05% other faiths. Most Indonesian Hindus are Balinese and most Buddhists in modern-day Indonesia are Chinese.

Languages

Indonesian is the official and national language of Indonesia, widely spoken by over 97% of the population. However, Indonesia is a highly multilingual country. According to Ethnologue, there are currently 737 regional languages spoken across the Indonesian archipelago. This extensive linguistic diversity accounts for about 10% of the world’s total languages, making Indonesia the second most linguistically diverse country in the world. The majority of these languages belong to the Austronesian language family, which is prevalent in the western and central regions of Indonesia, including languages such as Acehnese, Batak, Sundanese, Balinese, Banjarese and Buginese. In contrast, the eastern regions, particularly Papua and the Maluku Islands, are home to over 270 Papuan languages, which are distinct from the Austronesian language family and represent a unique linguistic heritage. The most widely spoken language as a mother tongue is Javanese, spoken by over 80 million speakers, mainly in central and east Java, but also on many other islands due to migration.

Literacy

definition: age 15 and over can read and write

(2011 est.)

Education is free in state schools; it is compulsory for children through to grade 12. Although about 92% of eligible children are enrolled in primary school, a much smaller percentage attend full-time. About 44% of secondary school-age children attend junior high school, and some others of this age group attend vocational schools.

CIA World Factbook demographic statistics

The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.

Age structure

0-14 years: 23.33%

15-64 years: 70.72%

65 years and over: 5.95% (2020 census)

Median age

total: 31.1 years

male: 30.5 years

female: 31.8 years (2020 est.)

Birth rate

15.32 births/1,000 population (2022 est.)

Death rate

6.75 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.)

Population growth rate

1.097% (2010 est.)

1.04% (2012 est.)

0.86% (2017 est.)

0.79% (2022 est.)

Urbanization

urban population: 57.9% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanisation: 1.99% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female

0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female

15-24 years: 1.05 male(s)/female

25-54 years: 0.99 male(s)/female

55-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 0.66 male(s)/female

total population: 1 male(s)/female (2022 est.)

Infant mortality rate

total: 19.73 deaths/1,000 live births

male: 22.15 deaths/1,000 live births

female: 17.18 deaths/1,000 live births (2022 est.)

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 73.08 years

male: 70.86 years

female: 75.4 years (2022 est.)

Total fertility rate

2.01 children born/woman (2022 est.)

HIV/AIDS

Adult prevalence rate: 0.4% (2017 est.)

People living with HIV/AIDS: 630,000 (2017 est.)

HIV/AIDS deaths: 39,000 (2017 est.)

Obesity – adult prevalence rate

6.9% (2016)

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

19.9% (2013)

Nationality

noun: Indonesian(s)

adjective: Indonesian

Ethnic groups:

Javanese	40.1%
Sundanese	15.5%
Malay	3.7%
Batak	3.6%
Madurese	3%
Betawi	2.9%
Minangkabau	2.7%
Buginese	2.7%
Bantenese	2%
Banjarese	1.7%
Balinese	1.7%
Acehnese	1.4%
Dayak	1.4%
Sasak	1.3%
Chinese	1.2%
other	15%

(2010 est.)

Religions

Muslim	86.7%
Christianity	10.72%
Protestant	7.6%
Roman Catholic	3.12%
Hinduism	1.74%
other	0.8%	(includes Buddhist and Confucian)
unspecified	0.04%

(2018 est.)

Languages

Indonesian (official, a form of Malay influenced by other languages of Indonesia), local languages (the most widely spoken of which is Javanese).

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

total: 11 years

male: 12 years

female: 11 years (2005)

Education expenditures

2.8% of GDP (2014)

See also

• Census in Indonesia
• Culture of Indonesia
• Native Indonesians
• Overseas Indonesian
• Transmigration program

References

1. ^ "Hasil Sensus Penduduk 2020" (PDF) (in Indonesian). Statistics Indonesia. 21 January 2021. p. 9. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 January 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
2. ^ "Population of Indonesia by Province 1971, 1980, 1990, 1995, 2000 and 2010". Statistics Indonesia. Archived from the original on 23 November 2017. Retrieved 18 May 2015.
3. "Indonesia's full-year population in 2023", Ministry of Home Affairs (Indonesia) (in Indonesian), archived from the original on 23 June 2024, retrieved 23 June 2024
4. Statistical Yearbook of Indonesia 2023 ~(https://webapi.bps.go.id/download.php?f=603cXqPpJ1BhatsSfWE2yuhpRf3enmqavnkjhP1pvbLequb3n+oKUmXTRDpHn5lKFsTwDIXGUfWQB9T673DIELvjplkdUUuC2CggpdYbesXDeJGhuZe3MmwR0n6KDrcuobXbIM6h6f4XFVQcUcDvTgfOR7v0VF+ndkXkdeidcrwsp8LXQ8EEX5DP4lmBSwIQiXV7pshJjDbTb0QmuSigNSpIwyo4UJLeLJJ4NbeoCFQlQDgwCyeRXK5Qqj8sAvoWX0i1p5E64FCvTfUicFGpDQ==).
5. Witton, Patrick (2003). Indonesia. Melbourne: Lonely Planet. p. 47. ISBN 1-74059-154-2.
6. Shamim Adam; Berni Moestafa; Novrida Manurung (28 January 2014). "Indonesia Population Approaching U.S. Revives Birth Control". Bloomberg L.P. Archived from the original on 7 April 2022. Retrieved 18 May 2015.
7. "Indonesia Demographics Profile". Archived from the original on 13 November 2022. Retrieved 14 June 2018.
8. "Indonesia Population – Our World in Data". ourworldindata.org. Archived from the original on 4 December 2022. Retrieved 15 February 2022.
9. "Population of Indonesia by Province 1971, 1980, 1990, 1995, 2000 and 2010". Central Bureau of Statistics. Archived from the original on 23 November 2017. Retrieved 20 July 2015.
10. Wertheim, W. F. (1959). Indonesian Society in Transition (Second (revised) ed.). 's-Gravenhage: Uitgeverij W. van Hoeve. p. 370.
11. Geografi dan Kependudukan untuk SMP kelas 2 [Geography and Demographics for High School Grade 2] (in Indonesian). FA. Hasmar. 1976.
12. Nitisastro, Widjojo (2006). Population trends in Indonesia. Equinox. ISBN 9789793780436.
13. "Long Form Sensus Penduduk 2020 - Badan Pusat Statistik". sensus.bps.go.id. Archived from the original on 21 February 2024. Retrieved 21 February 2024.
14. "UNSD – Demographic and Social Statistics". Archived from the original on 14 April 2022. Retrieved 28 June 2022.
15. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division (2022). "World Population Prospects 2022 Demographic indicators by region, subregion and country, annually for 1950-2100" (XLS (91MB)). United Nations Population Division. 27 (Online ed.). New York: United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. rows 8285:8356, cols M,X,AE,S,AH,S,AA,AV,AI. Archived from the original on 9 August 2022.
16. "Department of Statistics of Indonesia". Archived from the original on 4 December 2022. Retrieved 3 May 2021.
17. "MEASURE DHS: Demographic and Health Surveys". Archived from the original on 15 November 2018. Retrieved 5 July 2014.
18. "Indonesia People 2020, CIA World Factbook". Archived from the original on 9 August 2021. Retrieved 4 September 2021.
19. http://www.ifa-fiv.org/wp-content/2014/09/Indonesian_Ageing_Monograph-print-version1.pdf
20. Ananta et al. 2015, pp. 12, 27–28.
21. "Mengulik Data Suku di Indonesia" (in Indonesian). Statistics Indonesia. 18 November 2015. Retrieved 1 January 2021.
22. Taylor, Jean Gelman (2003). Indonesia. Yale University Press. pp. 5–7. ISBN 978-0-300-09709-2.
23. Witton 2003, pp. 139, 181, 251, 435.
24. Dawson, B.; Gillow, J. (1994). The Traditional Architecture of Indonesia. London: Thames and Hudson Ltd. p. 7. ISBN 978-0-500-34132-2.
25. Ananta, Aris (29 April 2016). Demography of Indonesia's Ethnicity. Flipside Digital Content Company Inc. ISBN 978-981-4695-94-7.
26. "Religion in Indonesia".
27. Muslim 244 Million (87.1), Christianity 29.4 Million (10.5), Hindu 4.73 million (1.7), Buddhist 2 million (0.7), Folk, Confucianism, and others 175.064 (0.1), Total 280.725.428 Million
28. "Religion in Indonesia".
29. Muslim 244 Million (87.1), Christianity 29.4 Million (10.5), Hindu 4.73 million (1.7), Buddhist 2 million (0.7), Folk, Confucianism, and others 175.064 (0.1), Total 280.725.428 Million
30. Oey, Eric (1997). Bali (3rd ed.). Singapore: Periplus Editions. ISBN 962-593-028-0.
31. "Indonesia – Buddhism". U.S. Library of Congress. Archived from the original on 15 October 2009. Retrieved 15 October 2006.
32. Article 36 of The 1945 Constitution of The Republic of Indonesia  – via Wikisource.
33. "Long Form Census 2020", Statistics Indonesia (in Indonesian)
34. Lewis, M. Paul (2009), Ethnologue: Languages of the World (16th ed.), SIL International, retrieved 17 November 2009
35. "What Countries Have the Most Languages?". Ethnologue. 22 May 2019. Archived from the original on 20 August 2020. Retrieved 20 August 2020.
36. Simons, Gary F.; Fennig, Charles D. (2018). Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Twenty-first edition. SIL International. Archived from the original on 26 June 2019. Retrieved 20 September 2018.
37. CIA (2012). "Indonesia". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from the original on 10 April 2023. Retrieved 6 April 2012.
38. "The Indonesian Population Census 2020 Highlights" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 June 2021.
39. "Cabinet Secretariat of the Republic of Indonesia: Statistics Indonesia Releases 2020 Census Results". 23 January 2021. Archived from the original on 13 November 2022. Retrieved 1 June 2022.

Sources

• Ananta, Aris; Arifin, Evi Nurvidya; Hasbullah, M Sairi; Handayani, Nur Budi; Pramono, Agus (2015). Demography of Indonesia's Ethnicity. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. ISBN 978-981-4519-87-8.

External links

• Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics Archived 4 February 2012 at the Wayback Machine (in Indonesian)
• CIA World Factbook article on Indonesia Archived 10 April 2023 at the Wayback Machine
• On Indonesians of Arab descent
• United Nations "World Population Prospects": Country Profile – Indonesia

• Demographics of Indonesia
• Ethnic groups in Indonesia