Misplaced Pages

Prague Praha (Czech)
Capital city
Panorama with Prague CastleNational TheatrePankrác districtOld Town SquareMalá Strana
FlagCoat of armsWordmark
Nickname: City of a Hundred Spires
Mottoes: "Praga Caput Rei publicae" (Latin) "Prague, Head of the Republic" other historical mottos   "Praga mater urbium" (Latin) "Praha matka měst" (Czech) "Prague, Mother of Cities" "Praga Caput Regni" (Latin) "Prague, Head of the Kingdom"
PragueLocation within the Czech RepublicShow map of Czech RepublicPragueLocation within EuropeShow map of Europe
Coordinates: 50°5′15″N 14°25′17″E / 50.08750°N 14.42139°E / 50.08750; 14.42139
Country	Czech Republic
Founded	8th century
Government
• Mayor	Bohuslav Svoboda (ODS)
Area
• Capital city	496.21 km (191.59 sq mi)
• Urban	298 km (115 sq mi)
• Metro	11,425 km (4,411 sq mi)
Highest elevation	399 m (1,309 ft)
Lowest elevation	172 m (564 ft)
Population
• Capital city	1,384,732
• Density	2,800/km (7,200/sq mi)
• Metro	2,267,817
• Metro density	237/km (610/sq mi)
Demonym(s)	Praguer, Pragueite Pražan (male) Pražanka (female)
GDP
• Capital city	€78.414 billion (2022)
• Metro	€109.990 billion (2022)
• Per capita (city)	€59,404 (2022)
Time zone	UTC+1 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal codes	100 00 – 199 00
ISO 3166 code	CZ-10
Vehicle registration	A, AA – AZ
HDI (2022)	0.965 – very high · 1st
Website	praha.eu

Prague (/ˈprɑːɡ/ PRAHG; Czech: Praha [ˈpraɦa] ) is the capital and largest city of the Czech Republic and the historical capital of Bohemia. Situated on the Vltava river, Prague is home to about 1.4 million people.

Prague is a political, cultural, and economic hub of Central Europe, with a rich history and Romanesque, Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque architectures. It was the capital of the Kingdom of Bohemia and residence of several Holy Roman Emperors, most notably Charles IV (r. 1346–1378) and Rudolf II (r. 1575–1611). It was an important city to the Habsburg monarchy and Austria-Hungary. The city played major roles in the Bohemian and the Protestant Reformations, the Thirty Years' War and in 20th-century history as the capital of Czechoslovakia between the World Wars and the post-war Communist era.

Prague is home to a number of cultural attractions including Prague Castle, Charles Bridge, Old Town Square with the Prague astronomical clock, the Jewish Quarter, Petřín hill and Vyšehrad. Since 1992, the historic center of Prague has been included in the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites.

The city has more than ten major museums, along with numerous theatres, galleries, cinemas, and other historical exhibits. An extensive modern public transportation system connects the city. It is home to a wide range of public and private schools, including Charles University in Prague, the oldest university in Central Europe.

Prague is classified as an "Alpha-" global city according to GaWC studies. In 2019, the city was ranked as 69th most livable city in the world by Mercer. In the same year, the PICSA Index ranked the city as 13th most livable city in the world. Its rich history makes it a popular tourist destination and as of 2017, the city receives more than 8.5 million international visitors annually. In 2017, Prague was listed as the fifth most visited European city after London, Paris, Rome, and Istanbul.

Etymology and names

The Czech name Praha is derived from an old Slavic word, práh, which means "ford" or "rapid", referring to the city's origin at a crossing point of the Vltava river.

Another view to the origin of the name is also related to the Czech word práh (with the meaning of a threshold) and a legendary etymology connects the name of the city with princess Libuše, prophetess and a wife of the mythical founder of the Přemyslid dynasty. She is said to have ordered the city "to be built where a man hews a threshold of his house". The Czech práh might thus be understood to refer to rapids or fords in the river, the edge of which could have acted as a means of fording the river – thus providing a "threshold" to the castle.

Another derivation of the name Praha is suggested from na prazě, the original term for the shale hillside rock upon which the original castle was built. At that time, the castle was surrounded by forests, covering the nine hills of the future city – the Old Town on the opposite side of the river, as well as the Lesser Town beneath the existing castle, appeared only later.

The English spelling of the city's name is borrowed from French. In the 19th and early 20th centuries it was pronounced in English to rhyme with "vague": it was so pronounced by Lady Diana Cooper (born 1892) on Desert Island Discs in 1969, and it is written to rhyme with "vague" in a verse of The Beleaguered City by Longfellow (1839) and also in the limerick There was an Old Lady of Prague by Edward Lear (1846).

Prague is also called the "City of a Hundred Spires", based on a count by 19th century mathematician Bernard Bolzano; today's count is estimated by the Prague Information Service at 500. Nicknames for Prague have also included: the Golden City, the Mother of Cities and the Heart of Europe.

The local Jewish community, which belongs to one of the oldest continuously existing in the world, have described the city as עיר ואם בישראל Ir va-em be-yisrael, "The city and mother in Israel".

History

Prague has grown from a settlement stretching from Prague Castle in the north to the fort of Vyšehrad in the south, to become the capital of a modern European country.

Early history

The region was settled as early as the Paleolithic age. Jewish chronicler David Solomon Ganz, citing Cyriacus Spangenberg, claimed that the city was founded as Boihaem in c. 1306 BC by an ancient king, Boyya.

Around the fifth and fourth century BC, a Celtic tribe appeared in the area, later establishing settlements, including the largest Celtic oppidum in Bohemia, Závist, in a present-day south suburb Zbraslav in Prague, and naming the region of Bohemia, which means "home of the Boii people". In the last century BC, the Celts were slowly driven away by Germanic tribes (Marcomanni, Quadi, Lombards and possibly the Suebi), leading some to place the seat of the Marcomanni king, Maroboduus, in Závist. Around the area where present-day Prague stands, the 2nd century map drawn by Roman geographer Ptolemaios mentioned a Germanic city called Casurgis.

In the late 5th century AD, during the great Migration Period following the collapse of the Western Roman Empire, the Germanic tribes living in Bohemia moved westwards and, probably in the 6th century, the Slavic tribes settled the Central Bohemian Region. In the following three centuries, the Czech tribes built several fortified settlements in the area, most notably in the Šárka valley, Butovice and Levý Hradec.

The construction of what came to be known as Prague Castle began near the end of the 9th century, expanding a fortified settlement that had existed on the site since the year 800. The first masonry under Prague Castle dates from the year 885 at the latest. The other prominent Prague fort, the Přemyslid fort Vyšehrad, was founded in the 10th century, some 70 years later than Prague Castle. Prague Castle is dominated by the cathedral, which began construction in 1344, but was not completed until the 20th century.

The legendary origins of Prague attribute its foundation to the 8th-century Czech duchess and prophetess Libuše and her husband, Přemysl, founder of the Přemyslid dynasty. Legend says that Libuše came out on a rocky cliff high above the Vltava and prophesied: "I see a great city whose glory will touch the stars". She ordered a castle and a town called Praha to be built on the site.

The region became the seat of the dukes, and later kings of Bohemia. Under Duke of Bohemia Boleslaus II the Pious the area became a bishopric in 973. Until Prague was elevated to archbishopric in 1344, it was under the jurisdiction of the Archbishopric of Mainz.

Prague was an important seat for trading where merchants from across Europe settled, including many Jews, as recalled in 965 by the Hispano-Jewish merchant and traveler Abraham ben Jacob. The Old New Synagogue of 1270 still stands in the city. Prague was also once home to a slave market.

At the site of the ford in the Vltava river, King Vladislaus I had the first bridge built in 1170, the Judith Bridge (Juditin most), named in honor of his wife Judith of Thuringia. This bridge was destroyed by a flood in 1342, but some of the original foundation stones of that bridge remain in the river. It was rebuilt and named the Charles Bridge.

In 1257, under King Ottokar II, Malá Strana ("Lesser Quarter") was founded in Prague on the site of an older village in what would become the Hradčany (Prague Castle) area. This was the district of the German people, who had the right to administer the law autonomously, pursuant to Magdeburg rights. The new district was on the bank opposite of the Staré Město ("Old Town"), which had borough status and was bordered by a line of walls and fortifications.

Late Middle Ages

Prague flourished during the 14th-century reign (1346–1378) of Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor and the king of Bohemia of the new Luxembourg dynasty. As King of Bohemia and Holy Roman Emperor, he transformed Prague into an imperial capital. In the 1470s, Prague had around 70,000 inhabitants and with an area of 360 ha (~1.4 square miles) it was the third-largest city in the Holy Roman Empire.

Charles IV ordered the building of the New Town (Nové Město) adjacent to the Old Town and laid out the design himself. The Charles Bridge, replacing the Judith Bridge destroyed in the flood just prior to his reign, was erected to connect the east bank districts to the Malá Strana and castle area. In 1347, he founded Charles University, the oldest university in Central Europe.

His father John of Bohemia began construction of the Gothic Saint Vitus Cathedral, within the largest of the Prague Castle courtyards, on the site of the Romanesque rotunda there. Prague was elevated to an archbishopric in 1344, the year the cathedral was begun.

The city had a mint and was a center of trade for German and Italian bankers and merchants. The social order, however, became more turbulent due to the rising power of the craftsmen's guilds (themselves often torn by internal conflicts), and the increasing number of poor.

The Hunger Wall, a substantial fortification wall south of Malá Strana and the castle area was built during a famine in the 1360s. The work is reputed to have been ordered by Charles IV as a means of providing employment and food to the workers and their families.

Charles IV died in 1378. During the reign of his son, King Wenceslaus IV (1378–1419), a period of intense turmoil ensued. During Easter 1389, members of the Prague clergy announced that Jews had desecrated the host (Eucharistic wafer) and the clergy encouraged mobs to pillage, ransack and burn the Jewish quarter. Nearly the entire Jewish population of Prague (ca 750 people) was murdered.

Jan Hus, a theologian and rector at Charles University, preached in Prague. In 1402, he began giving sermons in the Bethlehem Chapel. Inspired by John Wycliffe, these sermons focused on what were seen as radical reforms of a corrupt Church. Having become too dangerous for the political and religious establishment, Hus was summoned to the Council of Constance, put on trial for heresy, and burned at the stake in Konstanz in 1415.

Four years later Prague experienced its first defenestration, when the people rebelled under the command of the Prague priest Jan Želivský. Hus' death, coupled with Czech proto-nationalism and proto-Protestantism, had spurred the Hussite Wars. Peasant rebels, led by the general Jan Žižka, along with Hussite troops from Prague, defeated Emperor Sigismund, in the Battle of Vítkov Hill in 1420.

During the Hussite Wars when Prague was attacked by "Crusader" and mercenary forces, the city militia fought bravely under the Prague Banner. This swallow-tailed banner is approximately 4 by 6 ft (1.2 by 1.8 m), with a red field sprinkled with small white fleurs-de-lis, and a silver old Town Coat-of-Arms in the center. The words "PÁN BŮH POMOC NAŠE" (The Lord is our Relief/Help) appeared above the coat-of-arms, with a Hussite chalice centered on the top. Near the swallow-tails is a crescent-shaped golden sun with rays protruding.

One of these banners was captured by Swedish troops during the Battle of Prague (1648) when they captured the western bank of the Vltava river and were repulsed from the eastern bank, they placed it in the Royal Military Museum in Stockholm; although this flag still exists, it is in very poor condition. They also took the Codex Gigas and the Codex Argenteus. The earliest evidence indicates that a gonfalon with a municipal charge painted on it was used for the Old Town as early as 1419. Since this city militia flag was in use before 1477 and during the Hussite Wars, it is the oldest still preserved municipal flag of Bohemia.

In the following two centuries, Prague strengthened its role as a merchant city. Many noteworthy Gothic buildings were erected and Vladislav Hall of the Prague Castle was added.

Habsburg era

In 1526, the Bohemian estates elected Ferdinand I of the House of Habsburg. The fervent Catholicism of its members brought them into conflict in Bohemia, and then in Prague, where Protestant ideas were gaining popularity. These problems were not preeminent under Holy Roman Emperor Rudolf II, elected King of Bohemia in 1576, who chose Prague as his home. He lived in Prague Castle, where his court welcomed not only astrologers and magicians but also scientists, musicians, and artists. Rudolf was an art lover as well, and Prague became the capital of European culture. This was a prosperous period for the city: famous people living there in that age include the astronomers Tycho Brahe and Johannes Kepler, the painter Arcimboldo, the alchemists Edward Kelley and John Dee, the poet Elizabeth Jane Weston, and others.

In 1618, the famous second defenestration of Prague provoked the Thirty Years' War, a particularly harsh period for Prague and Bohemia. Ferdinand II of Habsburg was deposed, and his place as King of Bohemia taken by Frederick V, Elector Palatine; however his army was crushed in the Battle of White Mountain (1620) not far from the city. Following this in 1621 was an execution of 27 Czech Protestant leaders (involved in the uprising) in Old Town Square and the exiling of many others. Prague was forcibly converted back to Roman Catholicism followed by the rest of Czech lands. The city suffered subsequently during the war under an attack by Electorate of Saxony (1631) and during the Battle of Prague (1648). Prague began a steady decline which reduced the population from the 60,000 it had had in the years before the war to 20,000. In the second half of the 17th century, Prague's population began to grow again. Jews had been in Prague since the end of the 10th century and, by 1708, they accounted for about a quarter of Prague's population.

In 1689, a great fire devastated Prague, but this spurred a renovation and a rebuilding of the city. In 1713–14, a major outbreak of plague hit Prague one last time, killing 12,000 to 13,000 people.

In 1744, Frederick the Great of Prussia invaded Bohemia. He took Prague after a severe and prolonged siege in the course of which a large part of the town was destroyed. Empress Maria Theresa expelled the Jews from Prague in 1745; though she rescinded the expulsion in 1748, the proportion of Jewish residents in the city never recovered. In 1757 the Prussian bombardment destroyed more than one-quarter of the city and heavily damaged St. Vitus Cathedral. However, a month later, Frederick the Great was defeated and forced to retreat from Bohemia.

The economy of Prague continued to improve during the 18th century. The population increased to 80,000 inhabitants by 1771. Many rich merchants and nobles enhanced the city with a host of palaces, churches and gardens full of art and music, creating a Baroque city renowned throughout the world to this day.

In 1784, under Joseph II, the four municipalities of Malá Strana, Nové Město, Staré Město, and Hradčany were merged into a single entity. The Jewish district, called Josefov, was included only in 1850. The Industrial Revolution produced great changes and developments in Prague, as new factories could take advantage of the coal mines and ironworks of the nearby regions. The first suburb, Karlín, was created in 1817, and twenty years later the population exceeded 100,000.

The revolutions in Europe in 1848 also touched Prague, but they were fiercely suppressed. In the following years, the Czech National Revival began its rise, until it gained the majority in the town council in 1861. Prague had a large number of German speakers in 1848, but by 1880 the number of German speakers had decreased to 14% (42,000), and by 1910 to 6.7% (37,000), due to a massive increase in the city's overall population caused by the influx of Czechs from the rest of Bohemia and Moravia and the increasing prestige and importance of the Czech language as part of the Czech National Revival.

20th century

First Czechoslovak Republic

World War I ended with the defeat of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the creation of Czechoslovakia. Prague was chosen as its capital and Prague Castle as the seat of president Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk. At this time Prague was a true European capital with highly developed industry. By 1930, the population had risen to 850,000.

Second World War

Hitler ordered the German Army to enter Prague on 15 March 1939, and from Prague Castle proclaimed Bohemia and Moravia a German protectorate. For most of its history, Prague had been a multi-ethnic city with important Czech, German and (mostly native German-speaking) Jewish populations. From 1939, when the country was occupied by Nazi Germany, Hitler took over Prague Castle. During the Second World War, most Jews were deported and killed by the Germans. In 1942, Prague was witness to the assassination of one of the most powerful men in Nazi Germany—Reinhard Heydrich—during Operation Anthropoid, accomplished by Czechoslovak national heroes Jozef Gabčík and Jan Kubiš. Hitler ordered bloody reprisals.

In February 1945, Prague suffered several bombing raids by the US Army Air Forces. 701 people were killed, more than 1,000 people were injured and some buildings, factories and historic landmarks (Emmaus Monastery, Faust House, Vinohrady Synagogue) were destroyed. Many historic structures in Prague, however, escaped the destruction of the war and the damage was small compared to the total destruction of many other cities in that time. According to American pilots, it was the result of a navigational mistake. In March, a deliberate raid targeted military factories in Prague, killing about 370 people.

On 5 May 1945, two days before Germany capitulated, an uprising against Germany occurred. Several thousand Czechs were killed in four days of bloody street fighting, with many atrocities committed by both sides. At daybreak on 9 May, the 3rd Shock Army of the Red Army took the city almost unopposed. The majority (about 50,000 people) of the German population of Prague either fled or were expelled by the Beneš decrees in the aftermath of the war.

Cold War

Prague was a city in a country under the military, economic, and political control of the Soviet Union (see Iron Curtain and COMECON). The world's largest Stalin Monument was unveiled on Letná hill in 1955 and destroyed in 1962. The 4th Czechoslovak Writers' Congress, held in the city in June 1967, took a strong position against the regime. On 31 October 1967 students demonstrated at Strahov. This spurred the new secretary of the Czechoslovak Communist Party, Alexander Dubček, to proclaim a new deal in his city's and country's life, starting the short-lived season of the "socialism with a human face". It was the Prague Spring, which aimed at the renovation of political institutions in a democratic way. The other Warsaw Pact member countries, except Romania and Albania, were led by the Soviet Union to repress these reforms through the invasion of Czechoslovakia and the capital, Prague, on 21 August 1968. The invasion, chiefly by infantry and tanks, effectively suppressed any further attempts at reform. The military occupation of Czechoslovakia by the Red Army would end only in 1991. Jan Palach and Jan Zajíc committed suicide by self-immolation in January and February 1969 to protest against the "normalization" of the country.

After the Velvet Revolution

In 1989, after riot police beat back a peaceful student demonstration, the Velvet Revolution crowded the streets of Prague, and the capital of Czechoslovakia benefited greatly from the new mood. In 1992, the Historic Centre of Prague and its monuments were inscribed as a cultural UNESCO World Heritage Site. In 1993, after the Velvet Divorce, Prague became the capital city of the new Czech Republic. From 1995, high-rise buildings began to be built in Prague in large quantities. In the late 1990s, Prague again became an important cultural center of Europe and was notably influenced by globalisation. In 2000, the IMF and World Bank summits took place in Prague and anti-globalization riots took place here. In 2002, Prague suffered from widespread floods that damaged buildings and its underground transport system.

Prague launched a bid for the 2016 Summer Olympics, but failed to make the candidate city shortlist. In June 2009, as the result of financial pressures from the global recession, Prague's officials chose to cancel the city's planned bid for the 2020 Summer Olympics.

On 21 December 2023, a mass shooting took place at Charles University in central Prague. In total, 15 people were killed and 25 injured. It was the deadliest mass murder in the history of the Czech Republic.

Geography

Prague is situated on the Vltava river. The Berounka flows into the Vltava in the suburbs of Lahovice. There are 99 watercourses in Prague with a total length of 340 km (210 mi). The longest streams are Rokytka and Botič.

There are 3 reservoirs, 37 ponds, and 34 retention reservoirs and dry polders in the city. The largest pond is Velký Počernický with 41.76 ha (103.2 acres). The largest body of water is Hostivař Reservoir with 42 hectares (103.8 acres).

In terms of geomorphological division, most of Prague is located in the Prague Plateau. In the south the city's territory extends into the Hořovice Uplands, in the north it extends into the Central Elbe Table lowland. The highest point is the top of the hill Teleček on the western border of Prague, at 399 m (1,309 ft) above sea level. Notable hills in the centre of Prague are Petřín with 327 m (1,073 ft) and Vítkov with 270 m (890 ft). The lowest point is the Vltava in Suchdol at the place where it leaves the city, at 172 m (564 ft).

Prague is located approximately at 50°5′N 14°25′E / 50.083°N 14.417°E / 50.083; 14.417. Prague is approximately at the same latitude as Frankfurt, Germany; Paris, France; and Vancouver, Canada. The northernmost point is at 50°10′39″N 14°31′37″E / 50.17750°N 14.52694°E / 50.17750; 14.52694, the southernmost point is at 49°56′31″N 14°23′44″E / 49.94194°N 14.39556°E / 49.94194; 14.39556, the westernmost point is at 50°6′14″N 14°13′31″E / 50.10389°N 14.22528°E / 50.10389; 14.22528, and the easternmost point is at 50°5′14″N 14°42′23″E / 50.08722°N 14.70639°E / 50.08722; 14.70639. Farthest geographical points of the city territory are marked physically by so called „Prague Poles".

Climate

Prague has an oceanic climate (Köppen: Cfb; Trewartha: Dobk) bordering on a humid continental climate (Dfb), defined as such by the 0 °C (32 °F) isotherm. The winters are relatively cold with average temperatures at about freezing point (0 °C), and with very little sunshine. Snow cover can be common between mid-November and late March although snow accumulations of more than 200 mm (8 in) are infrequent. There are also a few periods of mild temperatures in winter. Summers usually bring plenty of sunshine and the average high temperature of 24 °C (75 °F). Nights can be quite cool even in summer, though. Precipitation in Prague is moderate (600–500 mm or 24–20 in per year) since it is located in the rain shadow of the Sudetes and other mountain ranges. The driest season is usually winter while late spring and summer can bring quite heavy rain, especially in the form of thundershowers. The number of hours of average sunshine has increased over time. Temperature inversions are relatively common between mid-October and mid-March bringing foggy, cold days and sometimes moderate air pollution. Prague is also a windy city with common sustained western winds and an average wind speed of 16 km/h (10 mph) that often helps break temperature inversions and clear the air in cold months.

1. extremes were recorded at Clementinum since 1775, Kbely (Prague 19) and Libuš (Prague 4) since 1991, Ruzyně (Prague 6) since 1961 and at Uhříněves (Prague 22) from 1969 to 2012.

Administration and Politics

Administrative division

Prague is the capital of the Czech Republic and as such is the regular seat of its central authorities. Since 24 November 1990, it is de facto again a statutory city, but has a specific status of the municipality and the region at the same time. Prague also houses the administrative institutions of the Central Bohemian Region.

Until 1949, all administrative districts of Prague were formed by the whole one or more cadastral unit, municipality or town. Since 1949, there has been a fundamental change in the administrative division. Since then, the boundaries of many urban districts, administrative districts and city districts are independent of the boundaries of cadastral territories and some cadastral territories are thus divided into administrative and self-governing parts of the city. Cadastral area (for example, Vinohrady and Smíchov) are still relevant especially for the registration of land and real estate and house numbering.

Prague is divided into 10 municipal districts (1–10), 22 administrative districts (1–22), 57 municipal parts, and 112 cadastral areas.

City government

Prague is administered by the autonomous Prague City Assembly, which consists of 65 members and is elected through municipal elections. As of Dec. 20, 18 members of the council were from the centre-right Together Prague group, which governs the city in conjunction with 12 members of the Pirates (centre to centre-left) and 5 members of the Mayors and Independents group (centre to centre-right). Thus, the governing coalition has a comfortable majority in the assembly with 35 of 65 seats. Opposition parties include ANO 2011 (right-wing populist) with 14 members, Prague Together (centre) with 11 votes, Freedom and Direct Democracy (right wing to far-right) with 3 members and, 2 unaffiliated Independents.

The executive body of Prague, elected by the Assembly, is Prague City Council. The municipal office of Prague is at Prague City Hall and has 11 members, including the mayor. It prepares proposals for the Assembly meetings and ensures that adopted resolutions are fulfilled. The Mayor of Prague is Civic Democratic Party member Bohuslav Svoboda.

Demographics

2011 census

Even though the official population of Prague hovers around 1.3 million as of the 2011 census, the city's real population is much higher due to only 65% of its residents being marked as permanently living in the city. Data taken from mobile phone movements around the city suggest that the real population of Prague is closer to 1.9 or 2.0 million, with an additional 300,000 to 400,000 commuters coming to the city on weekdays for work, education, or commerce.

About 14% of the city's inhabitants were born outside the Czech Republic, the highest proportion in the country. However, 64.8% of the city's population self-identified as ethnically Czech, which is slightly higher than the national average of 63.7%. Almost 29% of respondents declined to answer the question on ethnicity at all, so it may be assumed that the real percentage of ethnic Czechs in Prague is considerably higher. The largest ethnic minority are Slovaks, followed by Ukrainians and Russians.

Prague's population is the oldest and best-educated in the country. It has the lowest proportion of children. Only 10.8% of census respondents claimed adherence to a religion; the majority of these were Roman Catholics.

Historical population

Development of the Prague population since 1378 (since 1869 according to the censuses within the limits of present-day Prague):

Foreign residents

As of 30 September 2024, there were 349,317 foreign residents in Prague, of which 128,615 with permanent residence in Prague. The following nationalities are the most numerous:

Foreign residents in Prague (September 2024)
Nationality	Population
Ukraine	165,267
Slovakia	31,703
Russia	25,108
Vietnam	15,945
Other countries/territories  Kazakhstan 6,616  Mainland China 6,472  United States 6,459  Romania 5,951  India 5,485  Bulgaria 5,085  United Kingdom 4,058  Italy 3,748  Hungary 3,716  Poland 3,360  Germany 3,349  Belarus 3,198  Turkey 3,070  France 2,821  Uzbekistan 2,487  Serbia 2,076  Philippines 1,981  Moldova 1,920  Croatia 1,749  Azerbaijan 1,484  South Korea 1,475  Spain 1,388  Armenia 1,384  Japan 1,145  North Macedonia 1,103  Kyrgyzstan 1,098  Israel 1,055  Bosnia and Herzegovina 1,051  Mongolia 1,023

Culture

Historic Centre of Prague

UNESCO World Heritage Site
Includes	Historic Centre of Prague and Průhonice Park
Criteria	Cultural: ii, iv, vi
Reference	616
Inscription	1992 (16th Session)
Area	1,106.36 ha
Buffer zone	9,887.09 ha

The city is traditionally one of the cultural centres of Europe, hosting many cultural events. Some of the significant cultural institutions include the National Theatre (Národní Divadlo) and the Estates Theatre (Stavovské or Tylovo or Nosticovo divadlo), where the premières of Mozart's Don Giovanni and La clemenza di Tito were held. Other major cultural institutions are the Rudolfinum which is home to the Czech Philharmonic Orchestra and the Municipal House which is home to the Prague Symphony Orchestra. The Prague State Opera (Státní opera) performs at the Smetana Theatre.

The city has many world-class museums, including the National Museum (Národní muzeum), the Museum of the Capital City of Prague, the Jewish Museum in Prague, the Alfons Mucha Museum, the Prague Postal Museum, the African-Prague Museum, the Museum of Decorative Arts in Prague, the Náprstek Museum (Náprstkovo Muzeum), the Josef Sudek Gallery and The Josef Sudek Studio, the National Library, the National Gallery, which manages the largest collection of art in the Czech Republic and the Kunsthalle Praha, the newest museum in the city.

There are hundreds of concert halls, galleries, cinemas and music clubs in the city. It hosts music festivals including the Prague Spring International Music Festival, the Prague Autumn International Music Festival, the Prague International Organ Festival, the Dvořák Prague International Music Festival, and the Prague International Jazz Festival. Film festivals include Bohemia Film Awards, the Febiofest, the One World Film Festival and Echoes of the Karlovy Vary International Film Festival. The city also hosts the Prague Writers' Festival, the Prague Folklore Days, Prague Advent Choral Meeting the Summer Shakespeare Festival, the Prague Fringe Festival, the World Roma Festival, as well as the hundreds of Vernissages and fashion shows.

With the growth of low-cost airlines in Europe, Prague has become a weekend city destination allowing tourists to visit its museums and cultural sites as well as try its Czech beers and cuisine.

The city has many buildings by renowned architects, including Adolf Loos (Villa Müller), Frank O. Gehry (Dancing House) and Jean Nouvel (Golden Angel).

Recent major events held in Prague:

• International Monetary Fund and World Bank Summit 2000
• NATO Summit 2002
• International Olympic Committee Session 2004
• IAU General Assembly 2006 (Definition of planet)
• EU & USA Summit 2009
• Czech Presidency of the Council of the European Union 2009
• USA & Russia Summit 2010 (signing of the New START treaty)

In popular culture

The early 1912 silent drama film Pro peníze was filmed mostly in Prague. Many films have been afterwards made at Barrandov Studios and at Prague Studios. Hollywood films produced in Prague include Mission Impossible, Dungeons and Dragons, xXx, Blade II, Children of Dune, Alien vs. Predator, Doom, Chronicles of Narnia, Hellboy, EuroTrip, Van Helsing, Red Tails, and Spider-Man: Far From Home. Many Indian films have also been filmed in the city including Yuvvraaj, Drona and Rockstar, Jab Harry Met Sejal, Bang Bang, Duplicate and many more.

Among the most famous foreign music videos filmed in Prague are: Never Tear Us Apart by INXS, Some Things by Lasgo, Silver and Cold by AFI, Diamonds from Sierra Leone by Kanye West, Don't Stop the Music by Rihanna and Numb by Linkin Park.

Video games set in Prague include Osman, Vampire: The Masquerade – Redemption, Soldier of Fortune II: Double Helix, Tomb Raider: The Angel of Darkness, Indiana Jones and the Emperor's Tomb, Broken Sword: The Sleeping Dragon, Still Life, Metal Gear Solid 4, Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3, Forza Motorsport 5, 6 and Deus Ex: Mankind Divided.

Historical fiction novels: The Discovery of Witches, Shadows of Night by Deborah Harkness

Cuisine

In 2008, the Allegro restaurant received the first Michelin star in the whole of the post-Communist part of Central Europe. It retained its star until 2011. As of 2018, there were just two Michelin-starred restaurants in Prague: La Degustation Bohême Bourgeoise and Field. Another six have been awarded Michelin's Bib Gourmand: Bistrøt 104, Divinis, Eska, Maso a Kobliha, Na Kopci and Sansho. However, as of 2022, there are 27 Michelin-starred restaurants in Prague which still include La Degustation Bohême Bourgeoise and Field.

Czech beer has a long history, with brewing taking place in Břevnov Monastery in 993. In Old Town, Žižkov and Vinohrady there are hundreds of restaurants, bars and pubs, especially with Czech beer. Prague also hosts several microbrewery festivals throughout the year. The city is home to historical breweries Staropramen (Praha 5), U Fleků, U Medvídků, U Tří růží, Strahov Monastery Brewery (Praha 1) and Břevnov Monastery Brewery (Praha 6). Among many microbreweries are: Novoměstský, Pražský most u Valšů, Národní, Boršov, Loď pivovar, U Dobřenských, U Dvou koček, U Supa (Praha 1), Pivovarský dům (Praha 2), Sousedský pivovar Bašta (Praha 4), Suchdolský Jeník, Libocký pivovar (Praha 6), Marina (Praha 7), U Bulovky (Praha 8), Beznoska, Kolčavka (Praha 9), Vinohradský pivovar, Zubatý pes, Malešický mikropivovar (Praha 10), Jihoměstský pivovar (Praha 11), Lužiny (Praha 13), Počernický pivovar (Praha 14) and Hostivar (Praha 15).

Social media

In an October 2024 article, Prague was ranked 7th on "Europe's 10 most beautiful cities to visit in autumn". The ranking was done by Travelbag and based on analysing Google search and Instagram hashtags.

Economy

Prague's economy accounts for 25% of the Czech GDP making it the highest performing regional economy of the country. As of 2021, its GDP per capita in purchasing power standard is €58,216, making it the third best performing region in the EU at 203 per cent of the EU-27 average in 2021.

Prague employs almost a fifth of the entire Czech workforce, and its wages are significantly above average (≈+20%). In 4Q/2020, during the pandemic, average salaries available in Prague reached CZK 45.944 (≈€1,800) per month, an annual increase of 4%, which was nevertheless lower than national increase of 6.5% both in nominal and real terms. (Inflation in the Czech Republic was 3.2% in 4Q/2020.) Since 1990, the city's economic structure has shifted from industrial to service-oriented. Industry is present in sectors such as pharmaceuticals, printing, food processing, manufacture of transport equipment, computer technology, and electrical engineering. In the service sector, financial and commercial services, trade, restaurants, hospitality and public administration are the most significant. Services account for around 80 per cent of employment. There are 800,000 employees in Prague, including 120,000 commuters. The number of (legally registered) foreign residents in Prague has been increasing in spite of the country's economic downturn. As of March 2010, 148,035 foreign workers were reported to be living in the city making up about 18 per cent of the workforce, up from 131,132 in 2008. Approximately one-fifth of all investment in the Czech Republic takes place in the city.

Almost one-half of the national income from tourism is spent in Prague. The city offers approximately 73,000 beds in accommodation facilities, most of which were built after 1990, including almost 51,000 beds in hotels and boarding houses.

From the late 1990s to late 2000s, the city was a common filming location for international productions such as Hollywood and Bollywood motion pictures. A combination of architecture, low costs and the existing motion picture infrastructure have proven attractive to international film production companies.

The modern economy of Prague is largely service and export-based and, in a 2010 survey, the city was named the best city in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) for business.

In 2005, Prague was deemed among the three best cities in Central and Eastern Europe according to The Economist's livability rankings. The city was named as a top-tier nexus city for innovation across multiple sectors of the global innovation economy, placing 29th globally out of 289 cities, ahead of Brussels and Helsinki for innovation in 2010.

Na příkopě is the most expensive street among all the states of the V4. In 2017, with the amount of rent €2,640 (CZK 67,480) per square meter per year, ranked on 22nd place among the most expensive streets in the world. The second most expensive is Pařížská street.

In the Eurostat research, Prague ranked fifth among Europe's 271 regions in terms of gross domestic product per inhabitant, achieving 172 per cent of the EU average. It ranked just above Paris and well above the country as a whole, which achieved 80 per cent of the EU average.

Companies with highest turnover in the region in 2014:

Prague is also the site of some of the most important offices and institutions of the Czech Republic

• President of the Czech Republic
• The Government and both houses of Parliament
• Ministries and other national offices (Industrial Property Office, Czech Statistical Office, National Security Authority, etc.)
• Czech National Bank
• Czech Television and other major broadcasters
• Radio Free Europe – Radio Liberty
• Galileo global navigation project
• Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic

Tourism

Since the fall of the Iron Curtain, Prague has become one of the world's most popular tourist destinations. Prague suffered considerably less damage during World War II than some other major cities in the region, allowing most of its historic architecture to stay true to form. It contains one of the world's most pristine and varied collections of architecture, from Romanesque, to Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque, Rococo, Neo-Renaissance, Neo-Gothic, Art Nouveau, Cubist, Neo-Classical and ultra-modern.

Prague is classified as an "Beta+" global city according to GaWC studies, comparable to Vienna, Manila and Washington, D.C. Prague ranked sixth in the Tripadvisor world list of best destinations in 2016. Its rich history makes it a popular tourist destination, and the city receives more than 8.4 million international visitors annually, as of 2017. Furthermore, the city was ranked 7th in the world ICCA Destination Performance Index measuring performance of conference tourism in 2021. As of December 2024 the city is ranked 3rd among the best places to visit during Christmas.

Main attractions

Hradčany and Lesser Town (Malá Strana)

• Prague Castle with the St. Vitus Cathedral which stores the Czech Crown Jewels
• The Charles Bridge (Karlův most)
• The Baroque Saint Nicholas Church
• Church of Our Lady Victorious and Infant Jesus of Prague
• Písek Gate, one of the last preserved city gate of Baroque fortification
• Petřín Hill with Petřín Lookout Tower, Mirror Maze and Petřín funicular
• Lennon Wall
• The Franz Kafka Museum
• Kampa Island, an island with a view of the Charles Bridge
• The Baroque Wallenstein Palace with its garden

Old Town (Staré Město) and Josefov

• The Astronomical Clock (Orloj) on Old Town City Hall
• The Gothic Church of Our Lady before Týn (Kostel Matky Boží před Týnem) from the 14th century with 80 m high towers
• Stone Bell House
• The vaulted Gothic Old New Synagogue (Staronová Synagoga) of 1270
• Old Jewish Cemetery
• Powder Tower (Prašná brána), a Gothic tower of the old city gates
• Spanish Synagogue with its elaborate interior decoration
• Old Town Square (Staroměstské náměstí) with gothic and baroque architectural styles
• The art nouveau Municipal House, a major civic landmark and concert hall known for its Art Nouveau architectural style and political history in the Czech Republic.
• Museum of Decorative Arts in Prague, with an extensive collections including glass, furniture, textile, toys, Art Nouveau, Cubism and Art Deco
• Clam-Gallas Palace, a baroque palace from 1713
• Church of St. Martin in the Wall
• Colloredo-Mansfeld Palace, with elements of High Baroque and the later Rococo and Second-Rococo adaptations. Known today for its well-preserved dance hall
• St. Clement's Cathedral, Prague

New Town (Nové Město)

• Busy and historic Wenceslas Square
• The neo-renaissance National Museum with large scientific and historical collections at the head of Wenceslas Square. It is the largest museum in the Czech Republic, covering disciplines from the natural sciences to specialized areas of the social sciences. The staircase of the building offers a nice view of the New Town.
• The National Theatre, a neo-Renaissance building with golden roof, alongside the banks of the Vltava river
• The deconstructivist Dancing House (Fred and Ginger Building)
• Charles Square, the largest medieval square in Europe (now turned into a park)
• The Emmaus monastery and WW I Memorial "Prague to Its Victorious Sons" at Palacky Square (Palackého náměstí)
• The museum of the Heydrich assassination in the crypt of the Church of Saints Cyril and Methodius
• Stiassny's Jubilee Synagogue is the largest in Prague
• The Mucha Museum, showcasing the Art Nouveau works of Alphonse Mucha
• Church of St. Apollinaire, Prague
• Church of Saint Michael the Archangel in Prague
• Church of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary and St. Charles the Great, Prague
• Church of Our Lady on the Lawn
• St. Wenceslas Church (Zderaz)
• St. Stephen's Church

Vinohrady and Žižkov

• National Monument in Vitkov with a large bronze equestrian statue of Jan Žižka in Vítkov Park, Žižkov – Prague 3
• The neo-Gothic Church of St. Ludmila at Míru Square in Vinohrady
• Žižkov Television Tower
• New Jewish Cemetery in Olšany, location of Franz Kafka's grave – Prague 3
• The Roman Catholic Sacred Heart Church at Jiřího z Poděbrad Square
• The Vinohrady grand Neo-Renaissance, Art Nouveau, Pseudo Baroque, and Neo-Gothic buildings in the area between Míru Square, Jiřího z Poděbrad Square and Havlíčkovy sady park

Other places

• Vyšehrad Castle with Basilica of St Peter and St Paul, Vyšehrad cemetery and Prague oldest Rotunda of St. Martin
• The Prague Metronome at Letná Park, a giant, functional metronome that looms over the city
• Prague Zoo in Troja, selected as the 7th best zoo in the world by Forbes magazine in 2007 and the 4th best by TripAdvisor in 2015
• Industrial Palace (Průmyslový palác), Křižík's Light fountain, funfair Lunapark and Sea World Aquarium in Výstaviště compound in Holešovice
• Letohrádek Hvězda (Star Villa) in Liboc, a renaissance villa in the shape of a six-pointed star surrounded by a game reserve
• National Gallery in Prague with large collection of Czech and international paintings and sculptures by artists such as Mucha, Kupka, Picasso, Monet and Van Gogh
• Opera performances in National Theatre – unlike drama, all opera performances run with English subtitles.
• Anděl, a busy part of the city with modern architecture and a shopping mall
• The large Nusle Bridge, spans the Nusle Valley, linking New Town to Pankrác, with the Metro running underneath the road
• Strahov Monastery, an old Czech premonstratensian abbey founded in 1149 and monastic library
• Hotel International Prague, a four-star hotel and Czech cultural monument

• The Charles Bridge is a historic bridge from the 14th century.
• Prague Castle is the biggest ancient castle in the world.
• National Theatre offers opera, drama, ballet and other performances.
• Náměstí Míru Square with Vinohrady Theatre and Church of St. Ludmila
• Vyšehrad fortress contains Basilica of St Peter and St Paul, the Vyšehrad Cemetery and the oldest Rotunda of St. Martin.
• View of Pařížská St. from Letná Park
• Výstaviště compound contains Průmyslový palác, Křižík's Light Fountain and host funfair Lunapark.
• Old New Synagogue is Europe's oldest active synagogue. Legend has Golem lying in the loft.
• National Monument on Vítkov Hill, the statue of Jan Žižka is the third largest bronze equestrian statue in the world.
• Prague Zoo, selected in 2015 as the fourth best zoo in the world by TripAdvisor

Tourism statistics

Prague is by far the most visited Czech city. In 2023, Prague was visited by 7,442,614 guests who stayed overnight, of which 78.8% were from abroad. Average number of overnight stays of non-residents was 2.3. Most non-residents arriving to Prague and staying overnight were from the following countries:

Rank	Country	2023	2019
	Total	7,442,614	6,803,741
1	Germany	1,029,856	900,526
2	United States	424,346	511,950
3	United Kingdom	399,185	495,728
4	Slovakia	369,868	310,966
5	Poland	331,834	252,633
6	Italy	324,696	335,101
7	France	200,370	248,911
8	Ukraine	198,134	170,305
9	Spain	194,571	227,345
10	Netherlands	162,753	148,520
11	South Korea	155,583	272,451
12	Austria	151,259	132,500
13	Hungary	104,924	108,175
	Russia	23,517	392,968
	Mainland China	63,253	309,299

In 2023, the most visited tourist destinations of Prague were:

Education

Nine public universities and thirty six private universities are located in the city, including:

Public universities

• Charles University (UK) founded in 1348, the oldest university in Central Europe
• Czech Technical University (ČVUT) founded in 1707
• University of Chemistry and Technology (VŠCHT) founded in 1920
• University of Economics (VŠE) founded in 1953
• Czech University of Life Sciences Prague (ČZU) founded in 1906/1952
• Czech Police Academy (PA ČR) founded in 1993

Public arts academies

• Academy of Fine Arts (AVU) founded in 1800
• Academy of Arts, Architecture and Design (VŠUP) founded in 1885
• Academy of Performing Arts (AMU) founded in 1945

Private universities

• Jan Amos Komenský University (UJAK) founded in 2001
• Metropolitan University Prague (MUP) founded in 2001
• The University of Finance and Administration (VSFS) founded in 1999

Largest private colleges

• University College of Business in Prague (VŠO) founded in 2000
• University of Economics and Management [cs] (VŠEM) founded in 2001
• College of Entrepreneurship and Law [cs] (VŠPP) founded in 2000
• Institute of Hospitality Management [cs] (VŠH) founded in 1999
• College of International and Public Relations Prague (VŠMVV) founded in 2001
• CEVRO Institute (CEVRO) founded in 2005
• Ambis College (AMBIS) founded in 1994
• Medical College of Nursing [Wikidata] (Vysoká škola zdravotnická) founded in 2005
• Anglo-American University (AAVŠ) founded in 2000
• University of New York in Prague (UNYP) founded in 1998

International institutions

• Instituto Camões
• Goethe-Institut
• Instituto Cervantes
• British Council
• Alliance Française and Institut Français
• Istituto Italiano di Cultura
• Adam Mickiewicz Institute and Polish Institute

Science, research and hi-tech centres

The region city of Prague is an important centre of research. It is the seat of 39 out of 54 institutes of the Czech Academy of Sciences, including the largest ones, the Institute of Physics, the Institute of Microbiology and the Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry. It is also a seat of 10 public research institutes, four business incubators and large hospitals performing research and development activities such as the Motol University Hospital or Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, which was the largest transplant center in Europe as of 2019. Universities seated in Prague (see section Colleges and Universities) also represent important centres of science and research activities.

As of 2008, there were 13,000 researchers (out of 30,000 in the country, counted in full-time equivalents), representing a 3% share of Prague's economically active population. Gross expenditure on research and development accounted for €901.3 million (41.5% of country's total).

Some well-known multinational companies have established research and development facilities in Prague, among them Siemens, Honeywell, Oracle, Microsoft and Broadcom.

Prague was selected to host administration of the EU satellite navigation system Galileo. It started to provide its first services in December 2016 and full completion is expected by 2020.

Transport

As of 2017, Prague's transport modal share by journey was 52% public transport, 24.5% by car, 22.4% on foot, 0.4% by bicycle and 0.5% by aeroplane.

Public transportation

The public transport infrastructure consists of the heavily used Prague Integrated Transport (PID, Pražská integrovaná doprava) system, consisting of the Prague Metro (lines A, B, and C – its length is 65 km (40 mi) with 61 stations in total), Prague tram system, Prague buses service, commuter trains, funiculars, and seven ferries. Prague has one of the highest rates of public transport usage in the world, with 1.2 billion passenger journeys per year.

Prague has about 300 bus lines (numbers 100–960) and 34 regular tram lines (numbers 1–26 and 91–99). As of 2022 the bus lines are being extended with trolley bus lines.

There are also three funiculars, the Petřín funicular on Petřín Hill, one on Mrázovka Hill and a third at the Zoo in Troja.

The Prague tram system now operates various types of trams, including the Tatra T3, newer Tatra KT8D5, Škoda 14 T (designed by Porsche), newer modern Škoda 15 T and nostalgic tram lines 23 and 41. Around 400 vehicles are the modernized T3 class, which are typically operated coupled together in pairs.

The Prague tram system is the twelfth longest in the world (144 km) and its rolling stock consists of 786 individual cars, which is the largest in the world. The system carries more than 360 million passengers annually, the highest tram patronage in the world after Budapest, on a per capita basis, Prague has the second highest tram patronage after Zürich.

All services (metro, tramways, city buses, funiculars and ferries) have a common ticketing system that operates on a proof-of-payment system. Basic transfer tickets can be bought for 30 and 90-minute rides, short-term tourist passes are available for periods of 24 hours or 3 days, and longer-term tickets can be bought on the smart ticketing system Lítačka, for periods of one month, three months or one year. Since August 2021, people up to the age of 14 and over 65 can use Prague's public transport free of charge (proof of age is required). Persons between 15 and 18 years and between 60 and 64 years pay half price for single tickets and day tickets.

Services are run by the Prague Public Transport Company and several other companies. Since 2005 the Regional Organiser of Prague Integrated Transport (ROPID) has franchised operation of ferries on the Vltava river, which are also a part of the public transport system with common fares. Taxi services make pick-ups on the streets or operate from regulated taxi stands.

Prague Metro

The Metro has three major lines extending throughout the city: A (green), B (yellow) and C (red). A fourth Metro line D is under construction, which will connect the city centre to southern parts of the city (as of 2022, the completion is expected in 2028). The Prague Metro system served 589.2 million passengers in 2012, making it the fifth busiest metro system in Europe and the most-patronised in the world on a per capita basis. The first section of the Prague metro was put into operation in 1974. It was the stretch between stations Kačerov and Florenc on the current line C. The first part of Line A was opened in 1978 (Dejvická – Náměstí Míru), the first part of line B in 1985 (Anděl – Florenc).

In April 2015, construction finished to extend the green line A further into the northwest corner of Prague closer to the airport. A new interchange station for the bus in the direction of the airport is the station Nádraží Veleslavín. The final station of the green line is Nemocnice Motol (Motol Hospital), giving people direct public transportation access to the largest medical facility in the Czech Republic and one of the largest in Europe. A railway connection to the airport is planned.

In operation there are two kinds of units: "81-71M" which is modernized variant of the Soviet Metrovagonmash 81-71 (completely modernized between 1995 and 2003) and new "Metro M1" trains (since 2000), manufactured by consortium consisting of Siemens, ČKD Praha and ADtranz. The minimum interval between two trains is 90 seconds.

The original Soviet vehicles "Ečs" were excluded in 1997, but one vehicle is placed in public transport museum in depot Střešovice. The Náměstí Míru metro station is the deepest station and is equipped with the longest escalator in European Union. The Prague metro is generally considered very safe.

Roads

The main flow of traffic leads through the centre of the city and through inner and outer ring roads (partially in operation).

• Inner Ring Road (The City Ring "MO"): surrounds central Prague. It is the longest city tunnel in Europe with a length of 5.5 km (3.4 mi) and five interchanges has been completed to relieve congestion in the north-western part of Prague. Called Blanka tunnel complex and part of the City Ring Road, it was estimated to eventually cost (after several increases) CZK 43 billion. Construction started in 2007 and, after repeated delays, the tunnel officially opened in September 2015. This tunnel complex completes a major part of the inner ring road.
• Outer Ring Road (The Prague Ring "D0"): this ring road will connect all major motorways and speedways that meet each other in Prague region and provide faster transit without a necessity to drive through the city. So far 39 km (24 mi), out of a total planned 83 km (52 mi), is in operation. Most recently, the southern part of this road (with a length of more than 20 km (12 mi)) was opened on 22 September 2010. As of 2021, the next 12 km (7 mi) section between Modletice and Běchovice is planned to be completed in 2025.

Rail

The city forms the hub of the Czech railway system, with services to all parts of the country and abroad. The railway system links Prague with major European cities (which can be reached without transfers), including Dresden, Berlin, Hamburg, Leipzig, Regensburg and Munich (Germany); Vienna, Graz and Linz (Austria); Warsaw, Kraków and Przemyśl (Poland); Bratislava, Poprad and Košice (Slovakia); Budapest (Hungary); Basel and Zürich (Switzerland). Travel times range between 2 hours to Dresden and 13 hours to Zürich.

Prague's main international railway station is Hlavní nádraží, rail services are also available from other main stations: Masarykovo nádraží, Holešovice and Smíchov, in addition to suburban stations. Commuter rail services operate under the name Esko Praha, which is part of PID (Prague Integrated Transport).

Air

Prague is served by Václav Havel Airport Prague, the largest airport in the Czech Republic and one of the largest and busiest airports in central and eastern Europe. The airport is the hub of carriers Smartwings and Czech Airlines operating throughout Europe. Other airports in Prague include the city's original airport in the north-eastern district of Kbely, which is serviced by the Czech Air Force, also internationally. It also houses the Prague Aviation Museum. The nearby Letňany Airport is mainly used for private aviation and aeroclub aviation. Another airport in the proximity is Aero Vodochody aircraft factory to the north, used for testing purposes, as well as for aeroclub aviation. There are a few aeroclubs around Prague, such as the Točná airfield.

Cycling

In 2018, 1–2.5 % of people commute by bike in Prague, depending on season. Cycling is very common as a sport or recreation. As of 2019, there were 194 km (121 mi) of protected cycle paths and routes. Also, there were 50 km (31 mi) of bike lanes and 26 km (16 mi) of specially marked bus lanes that are free to be used by cyclists. As of 2024, there are four companies providing bicycle sharing in Prague: Rekola (1,000 bikes), Nextbike (1,000 bikes), Bolt and Lime. Bikesharing is partly connected to the public transportation and subsidised by the city.

Sport

Prague is the site of many sports events, national stadiums and teams.

Teams

• Sparta Prague (Czech First League) – football club
• Slavia Prague (Czech First League) – football club
• Bohemians 1905 (Czech First League) – football club
• Dukla Prague (Czech 2nd Football League) – football club
• Viktoria Žižkov (Czech 2nd Football League) – football club
• HC Sparta Praha (Czech Extraliga) – ice hockey club
• HC Slavia Praha (Czech 2nd Hockey League) – ice hockey club
• USK Praha (National Basketball League) – basketball club
• Prague Lions (European League of Football) –American football
• AK Markéta Praha (speedway club)
• PSK Olymp Praha (athletics club)

Stadia and arenas

• O2 Arena – the second largest ice hockey arena in Europe. It hosted 2004 and 2015 Ice Hockey World Championship, NHL 2008 and 2010 Opening Game and Euroleague Final Four.
• Strahov Stadium – the largest stadium in the world.
• Fortuna Arena, football stadium
• I. ČLTK Prague, tennis club
• Markéta Stadium, speedway and athletics stadium
• Stadion Juliska, football and athletics stadium
• Gutovka– sport area with a large concrete skatepark, the highest outdoor climbing wall in Central Europe, four beach volleyball courts and children's playground; Central European Beach Volleyball Championship 2018 took place here.

Events

• Prague International Marathon
• Prague Open – Tennis Tournament
• Prague Chess Festival
• Sparta Prague Open – Tennis Tournament held at TK Sparta Prague in Prague 7
• Josef Odložil Memorial – athletics meeting
• World Ultimate Club Championships 2010 concluded in Strahov and Eden Arena.
• Mystic SK8 Cup – World Cup of Skateboarding venue held at the Štvanice skatepark

International relations

The city of Prague maintains its own EU delegation in Brussels called Prague House.

Prague was the location of U.S. President Barack Obama's speech on 5 April 2009, which led to the New START treaty with Russia, signed in Prague on 8 April 2010.

The annual conference Forum 2000, which was founded by former Czech President Václav Havel, Japanese philanthropist Yōhei Sasakawa, and Nobel Peace Prize laureate Elie Wiesel in 1996, is held in Prague. Its main objective is "to identify the key issues facing civilization and to explore ways to prevent the escalation of conflicts that have religion, culture or ethnicity as their primary components", and also intends to promote democracy in non-democratic countries and to support civil society. Conferences have attracted a number of prominent thinkers, Nobel laureates, former and acting politicians, business leaders and other individuals like: Frederik Willem de Klerk, Bill Clinton, Nicholas Winton, Oscar Arias Sánchez, Dalai Lama, Hans Küng, Shimon Peres and Madeleine Albright.

Twin towns – sister cities

Prague is twinned with:

• Berlin, Germany
• Brussels, Belgium
• Chicago, United States
• Frankfurt am Main, Germany
• Hamburg, Germany
• Kyoto, Japan
• Miami-Dade County, United States
• Nuremberg, Germany
• Phoenix, United States
• Taipei, Taiwan

Namesakes

A number of other settlements are derived or similar to the name of Prague. In many of these cases, Czech emigration has left a number of namesake cities scattered over the globe, with a notable concentration in the New World.

Additionally, Kłodzko is sometimes referred to as "Little Prague" (German: Klein-Prag). Although now in Poland, it had been traditionally a part of Bohemia until 1763 when it became part of Silesia.

See also

• Churches in Prague
• List of museums in Prague
• List of people from Prague
• Outline of Prague
• Outline of the Czech Republic

Notes

1. German: Prag, Latin: Praga

References

1. ^ Václav Vojtíšek [cs], Znak Hlavního Města Prahy / Les Armoires de la Ville de Prague Archived 17 April 2016 at the Wayback Machine (1928), cited after nakedtourguideprague.com Archived 9 October 2016 at the Wayback Machine (2015).
2. Milan Ducháček, Václav Chaloupecký: Hledání československých dějin Archived 18 April 2023 at the Wayback Machine (2014), cited after abicko.avcr.cz Archived 16 April 2018 at the Wayback Machine.
3. "Demographia World Urban Areas" (PDF). Demographia.com. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 May 2018. Retrieved 18 November 2013.
4. "OECD - Metropolitan areas - Population, all ages". OECD. Archived from the original on 12 April 2019. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
5. "Population of Municipalities – 1 January 2024". Czech Statistical Office. 17 May 2024.
6. "EU regions by GDP, Eurostat". www.ec.europa.eu. Archived from the original on 27 February 2023. Retrieved 18 September 2023.
7. "Gross domestic product (GDP) at current market prices by metropolitan regions". ec.europa.eu. Archived from the original on 15 February 2023.
8. "Sub-national HDI – Subnational HDI - Global Data Lab". Archived from the original on 23 September 2018. Retrieved 10 August 2018.
9. ^ "Brief History of Prague, Czech Republic | Prague.com". prague.com. Archived from the original on 22 February 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
10. "Short History of Bohemia, Moravia and then Czechoslovakia and Czech Republic". hedgie.eu. 2015. Archived from the original on 18 May 2016. Retrieved 7 April 2016.
11. "The World According to GaWC 2020". GaWC. Archived from the original on 16 March 2023. Retrieved 8 October 2023.
12. "Quality of Living City Ranking". Mercer: Global Mobility Solutions. Archived from the original on 18 April 2018. Retrieved 30 May 2019.
13. "The PICSA Index". PICSA. Archived from the original on 8 March 2021. Retrieved 2 July 2021.
14. "Top 100 City Destinations Revealed: Prague among Most Visited in the World". Expats.cz. 8 November 2017. Archived from the original on 29 August 2018. Retrieved 28 August 2018.
15. "What's in a Name? (Prague History Lesson)". Prague Summer Program for Writers. 22 February 2016. Archived from the original on 14 March 2017. Retrieved 14 March 2016.
16. Dudák, Vladislav (2010). Praha: Průvodce magickým centrem Evropy [Prague: A Guide to the Magical Center of Europe]. Praha: Práh. p. 184. ISBN 978-80-7252-302-3.
17. "Interview with Lady Diana Cooper". Desert Island Discs. 24 March 1969. Archived from the original on 3 February 2019. Retrieved 2 February 2019.
18. "Kolik věží má "stověžatá" Praha? Nadšenci jich napočítali přes pět set". idnes.cz (in Czech). Mladá fronta DNES. 5 August 2010. Archived from the original on 14 May 2013. Retrieved 8 January 2013.
19. "Visit Prague, the City of a Hundred spires". prague.fm. Archived from the original on 10 August 2015. Retrieved 19 August 2015.
20. McCarthy, Suzanne (10 December 2012). "A city and a mother in Israel". BLT. Retrieved 1 November 2024.
21. Jewish Prague/Židovská Praha - anglicky (in Czech).
22. ^ Demetz, Peter (1997). "Chapter One: Libussa, or Versions of Origin". Prague in Black and Gold: Scenes from the Life of a European City. New York: Hill and Wang. ISBN 978-0-8090-7843-1. Retrieved 7 April 2016.
23. ^ Dovid Solomon Ganz, Tzemach Dovid (3rd edition), part 2, Warsaw 1878, pp. 71, 85 (online Archived 21 April 2022 at the Wayback Machine)
24. Kenety, Brian (29 October 2004). "Unearthing Bohemia's Celtic heritage ahead of Samhain, the 'New Year'". Czech Radio. Archived from the original on 10 August 2016. Retrieved 9 August 2016.
25. Kenety, Brian (19 November 2005). "Atlantis české archeologie" (in Czech). Czech Radio. Archived from the original on 13 September 2016. Retrieved 9 August 2016.
26. "Praha byla Casurgis" [Prague was Casurgis] (in Czech). cs-magazin.com. February 2011. Archived from the original on 13 April 2016. Retrieved 7 April 2016.
27. "Slované na Hradě žili už sto let před Bořivojem –". Novinky.cz. Archived from the original on 5 April 2011. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
28. "Archaeological Research – Prague Castle". Hrad.cz. 8 July 2005. Archived from the original on 1 April 2009. Retrieved 30 May 2011.
29. "TOP MONUMENTS – VYŠEHRAD". praguewelcome.cz. Archived from the original on 12 March 2013. Retrieved 14 November 2013.
30. "5 of the Best Gothic Buildings in Prague". Architectural Digest. Archived from the original on 23 August 2018. Retrieved 23 August 2018.
31. Wolverton, Lisa (9 October 2012). Hastening Toward Prague: Power and Society in the Medieval Czech Lands. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 978-0812204223. Archived from the original on 10 April 2022. Retrieved 28 October 2020.
32. "Prague – an architectural gem in the heart of Europe | Radio Prague". Radio Praha. Archived from the original on 24 July 2018. Retrieved 23 August 2018.
33. Rothkirchen, Livia (1 January 2006). The Jews of Bohemia and Moravia: Facing the Holocaust. U of Nebraska Press. ISBN 978-0803205024. Archived from the original on 10 April 2022. Retrieved 28 October 2020.
34. "The Cambridge Economic History of Europe: Trade and industry in the Middle Ages Archived 3 May 2016 at the Wayback Machine". Michael Moïssey Postan, Edward Miller, Cynthia Postan (1987). Cambridge University Press. p. 417. ISBN 0-521-08709-0.
35. ^ "History of Charles Bridge | Radio Prague". Radio Praha. Archived from the original on 5 September 2019. Retrieved 23 August 2018.
36. Guides, Rough (16 January 2015). The Rough Guide to Prague. Rough Guides UK. ISBN 9780241196311. Archived from the original on 7 April 2022. Retrieved 28 October 2020.
37. Dickinson, Robert E. (2003). The West European City: A Geographical Interpretation. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9780415177115. Archived from the original on 7 April 2022. Retrieved 28 October 2020.
38. "Deset století architektury (1997) [TV cyklus] - Nové Město pražské (1998), 2. série - 21. díl". FDb.cz (in Czech). Archived from the original on 5 March 2023. Retrieved 4 March 2023.
39. "Charles University Official Website". Archived from the original on 29 October 2007. Retrieved 21 April 2022.
40. Palmitessa, James (2002). "The Archbishops of Prague in Urban Struggles of the Confessional Age 1561–1612" (PDF). Bohemian Reformation and Religious Practice. 4: 261–273. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 February 2019. Retrieved 24 February 2019.
41. McKechnie, Gordon (12 November 2018). "PRAGUE REVISITED – PART I | Hungarian Review". hungarianreview.com. Retrieved 1 November 2024.
42. "Prague Story". CzechTour.org. 25 April 2016. Retrieved 1 November 2024.
43. "Prague's Hunger Wall, Impressive Story and Sight". PragueWise. Retrieved 1 November 2024.
44. "Hunger Wall Visiting Hours, Tickets, and Historical Significance in Prague". Audiala: Your Pocket Tour Guide. Retrieved 1 November 2024.
45. "The Prague Pogrom of 1389". Everything2. April 1389. Archived from the original on 18 June 2010. Retrieved 16 June 2009.
46. "The former Jewish Quarter in Prague". prague.cz. April 1389. Archived from the original on 17 April 2009. Retrieved 16 June 2009.
47. "Architecture of the Gothic". Old.hrad.cz. 13 October 2005. Archived from the original on 8 August 2013. Retrieved 18 November 2013.
48. "Old Royal Palace with Vladislav Hall – Prague Castle". Hrad.cz. 16 December 2011. Archived from the original on 1 April 2009. Retrieved 18 November 2013.
49. This swallow-tailed banner is approximately 4 by 6 ft (1.2 by 1.8 m), with a red field sprinkled with small white fleurs-de-lis, and a silver old Town Coat-of-Arms in the centre. The words PÁN BŮH POMOC NAŠE (The Lord God is our Help) appeared above the coat-of-arms, with a Hussite "host with chalice" centered on the top. Near the swallow-tails is a crescent-shaped golden sun with rays protruding. One of these banners was captured by Swedish troops in Battle of Prague (1648), when they captured the western bank of the Vltava River and were repulsed from the eastern bank, they placed it in the Royal Military Museum in Stockholm; although this flag still exists, it is in very poor condition. They also took the Codex Gigas and the Codex Argenteus. The earliest evidence indicates that a gonfalon with a municipal charge painted on it was used for Old Town as early as 1419. Since this city militia flag was in use before 1477 and during the Hussite Wars, it is the oldest still preserved municipal flag of Bohemia.
50. "Religious conflicts". Prague.st. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 18 November 2013.
51. "The Kingdom of Bohemia during the Thirty Years' War". Family-lines.cz. Archived from the original on 18 July 2011. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
52. "Prague". Jewish Virtual Library. Archived from the original on 13 January 2017. Retrieved 18 November 2013.
53. M. Signoli, D. Chevé, A. Pascal (2007)."Plague epidemics in Czech countries Archived 3 May 2016 at the Wayback Machine". p.51.
54. ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Prague" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 22 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 248–250.
55. "The Jewish History of Prague". Aish.com. 6 October 2022. Retrieved 8 July 2024.
56. "Einwohnerzahl europäischer Städte" (PDF) (in German). Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 May 2018. Retrieved 6 July 2018. Prag insgesamt 1940 928.000
57. "Aus der Geschichte jüdischer Gemeinden" (in German). Archived from the original on 31 March 2022. Retrieved 21 April 2022. 1937/38 ca. 45.000
58. Bryant, Chad (2007). Prague in Black: Nazi Rule and Czech Nationalism. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, p. 167ff. ISBN 978-0674024519
59. "Looking Back at the Bombing of Prague". The Prague Post. 14 February 1945. Archived from the original on 14 January 2012. Retrieved 4 December 2011.
60. "The bombing of Prague from a new perspective". Radio Prague. 13 December 2011. Archived from the original on 20 February 2018. Retrieved 10 June 2018.
61. Pehe, Jiří (6 November 2008). "Post-Communist Reflections of the Prague Spring". Jiří Pehe. Archived from the original on 17 September 2017. Retrieved 7 September 2017.
62. McAdams, Michael (1 September 2007). "Global Cities as Centers of Cultural Influence: A Focus on Istanbul, Turkey". Transtext(e)s Transcultures. No. 3. pp. 151–165. doi:10.4000/transtexts.149. ISSN 1771-2084. Archived from the original on 15 July 2018. Retrieved 15 July 2018.
63. "Prague Assembly Confirms 2016 Olympic Bid". Gamesbids.com. Archived from the original on 7 August 2011. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
64. "It's Official – Prague Out of 2020 Bid". GamesBids. 16 June 2009. Archived from the original on 10 September 2010. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
65. Lopatka, Jan; Hovet, Jason (22 December 2023). "Gunman kills 14 in unprecedented attack at Prague university". Reuters. Retrieved 29 December 2023.
66. ^ "Vodní toky a vodní díla v Praze" (in Czech). City of Prague. Archived from the original on 17 April 2022. Retrieved 26 March 2022.
67. "Hostivařská přehrada není jen na koupání, ale i na výlet" [Hostivař dam is not only for swimming but also for a trip] (in Czech). Hostivař Reservoir. Archived from the original on 9 May 2021. Retrieved 26 March 2022.
68. "Sedm pražských NEJ aneb Neznámý kopec Teleček" (in Czech). E15. 6 April 2016. Archived from the original on 14 May 2021. Retrieved 26 March 2022.
69. "Latitude and Longitude of World Cities: Frankfurt". Archived from the original on 24 May 2011. Retrieved 27 May 2011.
70. "Latitude and Longitude of World Cities". Archived from the original on 24 May 2011. Retrieved 27 May 2011.
71. "Latitude and Longitude of Vancouver, Canada". Archived from the original on 25 January 2012. Retrieved 27 May 2011.
72. "Póly metropole – nejvzdálenější body hlavního města" (in Czech). CzechTourism. Archived from the original on 17 April 2022. Retrieved 26 March 2022.
73. "Prague, Czech Republic Köppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase)". Weatherbase. Archived from the original on 18 December 2019. Retrieved 2 July 2019.
74. Nogueira, Adeilson (15 July 2018). Praga (in Portuguese). Clube de Autores (managed). Archived from the original on 26 January 2021. Retrieved 28 October 2020.
75. Kadıoğlu, Muhsin (8 May 2019). Prag Gezi Rehberi: Prag Travel Guide (in Turkish). Muhsin Kadıoğlu. Archived from the original on 7 April 2022. Retrieved 28 October 2020.
76. "Climate Normals for 1991-2020: Praha (Libus)" (CSV). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on 2 April 2024. Retrieved 2 April 2024. WMO number: 11520
77. "Climate Normals for 1991-2020: Praha (Kbely)" (CSV). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on 2 April 2024. Retrieved 2 April 2024. WMO number: 11567
78. "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020: Praha (Ruzyne)" (CSV). ncei.noaa.gov. National Oceanic and Atmosoheric Administration. Retrieved 2 April 2024. WMO number: 11518
79. "Praha Klementinum" (in Italian). Czech Hydrometeorological Institute. Archived from the original on 7 September 2024. Retrieved 7 September 2024.
80. "Množství nového sněhu v jednotlivé měsíce v jednotlivé roky" (in Czech). Czech Hydrometeorological Institute. Archived from the original on 16 December 2024. Retrieved 16 December 2024.
81. "Průměrná relativní vlhkost vzduchu v jednotlivé měsíce v jednotlivé roky" (in Czech). Czech Hydrometeorological Institute. Archived from the original on 16 December 2024. Retrieved 16 December 2024.
82. "Portál ČHMÚ : Historická data : Počasí : Denní data : Denní data dle z. 123/1998 Sb". Archived from the original on 28 August 2023. Retrieved 2 August 2024.
83. Michal, Petr. "Parking reform in Prague: Disagreements in the coalition over the price of parking in zones! Vybrané peníze půjdou zpět do parkování – PORTOS". PORTOS – Advokátní kancelář PORTOS. Retrieved 23 December 2024.
84. ^ "List of Members". Prague Portal. Retrieved 23 December 2024.
85. "Data z mobilů: Praha se denně nafoukne o polovinu, v centru jsou návštěvníci v převaze". iROZHLAS (in Czech). Archived from the original on 26 September 2018. Retrieved 26 September 2018.
86. "Praha by měla být metropole pro dva miliony lidí". Ekonomický Magazín (in Czech). Archived from the original on 26 September 2018. Retrieved 26 September 2018.
87. ^ "Census shows population rise in Prague". Prague Daily Monitor. Czech News Agency (ČTK). 24 January 2012. Archived from the original on 16 April 2014. Retrieved 16 April 2014.
88. "Historie Prahy" (in Czech). Prague Portal.com. Archived from the original on 3 May 2021. Retrieved 3 May 2021.
89. "Historický lexikon obcí České republiky 1869–2011" (in Czech). Czech Statistical Office. 21 December 2015.
90. "Population Census 2021: Population by sex". Public Database. Czech Statistical Office. 27 March 2021.
91. "Statistiky: Cizinci s povoleným pobytem" (in Czech). Ministry of the Interior of the Czech Republic. Retrieved 19 October 2024.
92. "New €35m Kunsthalle Praha gallery backed by private collectors opens in the Czech capital". The Art Newspaper - International art news and events. 21 February 2022. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 8 May 2022.
93. "Dvorak's Prague Festival 2019 at the Rudolfinum (Dvorak Hall) in Prague". Prague Experience. 2019. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020. Retrieved 8 October 2020.
94. Lubor Mrazek. "O SLAVNOSTECH, Letní shakespearovské slavnosti 2013, Agentura SCHOK, Praha". Shakespeare.cz. Archived from the original on 10 June 2015. Retrieved 18 November 2013.
95. "Prague Studios Credits: Movies shot at Prague Studios". Prague Studios. Archived from the original on 17 April 2016. Retrieved 7 April 2016.
96. Husak, Igor (29 August 2024). "Amazing Bollywood Movies That Were Shot in Europe". HayotFilms - Video Production in Prague. Retrieved 26 November 2024.
97. "Prague ranked one of Europe's 10 most beautiful cities to visit in autumn". www.expats.cz. 26 October 2024. Retrieved 31 October 2024.
98. ^ "Prague Strategic Plan, 2008 Update" (PDF). Official site. City Development Authority Prague. 2010. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 22 April 2010.
99. "Gross domestic product (GDP) at current market prices by NUTS 2 regions". ec.europa.eu. Eurostat. Archived from the original on 23 June 2019. Retrieved 16 May 2021.
100. "Prague-is-sixth-most-developed-EU-region(GDP in 2016)" (PDF). Official site. Eurostat. 18 February 2010. Archived from the original on 29 May 2010. Retrieved 22 April 2010.
101. "Average monthly gross wage in hl. Prague in the 4th quarter of 2020". Český statistický úřad. 8 March 2020. Archived from the original on 17 April 2021. Retrieved 8 March 2021.
102. Hold, Gabriella (21 April 2010). "Foreign Resident Numbers Stable". The Prague Post. Archived from the original on 14 January 2012. Retrieved 25 April 2010.
103. Contiguglia, Cat (13 October 2010). "Prague Is Best CEE City for Business – Survey". The Prague Post. Archived from the original on 25 November 2010. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
104. "EIU Media Directory". Eiuresources.com. Archived from the original on 10 July 2011. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
105. "2thinknow Innovation Cities Top 100 Index". 2thinknow Innovation Cities Program. September 2010. Archived from the original on 13 May 2013. Retrieved 22 October 2010.
106. "Nejdražší ulice ve střední Evropě? Bezkonkurenčně vedou Příkopy". iDNES.cz. 26 April 2012. Archived from the original on 26 April 2012.
107. "Pražská ulice Na Příkopě je 22. nejdražší ulicí na světě. Roční nájem stojí 67 tisíc za metr čtvereční". Hospodářské noviny (in Czech). 16 November 2017. Archived from the original on 6 November 2018. Retrieved 6 November 2018.
108. Pop, Valentina (18 February 2010). "EUobserver / Prague Outranks Paris and Stockholm Among EU's Richest Regions". EUobserver. Archived from the original on 3 October 2012. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
109. "ESTAT-2002-05354-00-00-EN-TRA-00 (FR)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 May 2010. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
110. Filipová, Hana (11 October 2015). "Které firmy vládnou krajům? Týdeník Ekonom zmapoval podnikání v regionech" [Which firms dominate the regions? 'The Weekly Ekonom' mapped out entrepreneurship in the regions] (in Czech). Economics news. Archived from the original on 18 April 2016. Retrieved 7 April 2016.
111. "The World According to GaWC 2018". Globalization and World Cities Research Network. Archived from the original on 3 May 2017. Retrieved 2 July 2021.
112. "Best Destinations in the World – Travelers' Choice Awards – TripAdvisor". tripadvisor.com. 2016. Archived from the original on 6 April 2016. Retrieved 7 April 2016.
113. "2021 ICCA Ranking Public Abstract 2" (PDF). www.iccaworld.org. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 March 2023. Retrieved 4 May 2023.
114. "Prague ranks third among the world's most desired Christmas destinations". www.expats.cz. 1 December 2024. Retrieved 1 December 2024.
115. "Kampa Island". YourCzechRepublic.cz. Archived from the original on 10 March 2014. Retrieved 6 March 2014.
116. "Prague city gallery brings back life and history to an Old Town palace". Radio Prague International. 21 May 2013. Archived from the original on 6 July 2018. Retrieved 2 July 2021.
117. "Colloredo-Mansfeld Palace". GHMP. Archived from the original on 30 October 2020.
118. "Vinohrady sights". myCzechRepublic. Archived from the original on 5 August 2016. Retrieved 12 August 2016.
119. "Forbes Magazine: Prague Zoo the 7th Best in the World". Abcprague.com. Archived from the original on 16 March 2008. Retrieved 14 September 2013.
120. "Prague Zoo is the fourth best zoo in the world". Prague Zoo. 15 July 2017. Archived from the original on 22 December 2017. Retrieved 21 December 2017.
121. "Occupancy in collective tourist accommodation establishments by country". Public Database. Czech Statistical Office. Archived from the original on 10 June 2024. Retrieved 6 June 2024.
122. "Návštěvnost turistických cílů 2023" (in Czech). CzechTourism. Retrieved 23 August 2024.
123. "Seznam vysokých škol a univerzit" [List of colleges and universities]. Vejska.cz. Archived from the original on 2 January 2018. Retrieved 1 January 2018.
124. B, Petr (27 January 2020). "Europe's Largest Organ Transplant Center is in Prague". Prague Morning. Archived from the original on 27 January 2020. Retrieved 28 January 2020.
125. J. Pechlát (2010)."Prague as a knowledge city-region Archived 5 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine" In: Teorie vědy, XXXI/3–4 2009, The Institute of Philosophy of the AS CR, pp. 247–267.
126. "Čím cestujeme po Praze? 52% cest připadá na MHD, cyklodopravu tvoří 0,4%". mhd86.cz (in Czech). 27 June 2017. Archived from the original on 2 September 2019. Retrieved 2 September 2019.
127. "Endurance". Mgr. Jaroslav Mach. Archived from the original on 7 September 2017. Retrieved 1 January 2014.
128. Prague database / photo gallery at Urban Electric Transit – in various languages, including English.
129. "Jízdné na území Prahy" (in Czech). Dopravní podnik hlavnívo města Prahy. Archived from the original on 19 January 2010. Retrieved 24 October 2013.
130. "Prague Metro, Czech Republic". railwaytechnology.com. Archived from the original on 7 June 2011. Retrieved 30 May 2011.
131. "Metro D". Dopravní podnik hl. m. Prahy, akciová společnost (in Czech). Archived from the original on 17 April 2021. Retrieved 6 May 2021.
132. "Annual Report 2012" (PDF). Public Transport Company of the Capital City of Prague. 2012. p. 66. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 September 2013. Retrieved 7 April 2016.
133. Hold, Gabriella (30 June 2010). "Metro Extension on the Right Track". The Prague Post. Czech Republic. Archived from the original on 14 January 2012. Retrieved 30 May 2011.
134. "Historická souprava Ečs". Metroweb.cz. Archived from the original on 19 October 2011. Retrieved 14 September 2013.
135. "Opening of Prague's Outer Ring (Czech only)". Archived from the original on 26 September 2011. Retrieved 18 December 2014.
136. "Stát chce začít výkup pozemků pro Pražský okruh". Novinky.cz. February 2021. Archived from the original on 6 May 2021. Retrieved 6 May 2021.
137. "Connections and tickets". ČD.cz. Archived from the original on 9 March 2024. Retrieved 15 February 2024.
138. "Czech Transport". Archived from the original on 9 October 2011. Retrieved 30 May 2011.
139. "Potenciál cyklodopravy v Praze". Prahou na kole (in Czech). 4 August 2014. Archived from the original on 24 November 2018. Retrieved 3 December 2018.
140. "Yearbook of transport in Prague 2017". TSK-praha.cz. Archived from the original on 8 December 2018. Retrieved 3 December 2018.
141. "Strahovský stadion kapacitou překonal jen římský Circus maximus". ČT24 (in Czech). Archived from the original on 7 April 2022. Retrieved 25 March 2024.
142. "Gutovka". Praha.eu. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 3 August 2015.
143. "Prague, Czech Republic to host the WFDF World Ultimate Club Championships 2010". WFDF. Archived from the original on 17 February 2017. Retrieved 10 September 2008.
144. "Prague House: Mission and representational activities". prague-house.eu. Archived from the original on 31 March 2016. Retrieved 7 April 2016.
145. Ratification of the START treaty is a step towards Obama's goal of a nuclear weapons-free world. (Official White House Photo) by Pete Souza Dec. 2010 Archived 31 December 2010 at the Wayback Machine.
146. "Städtepartnerschaften" (in German). Berlin. Archived from the original on 9 December 2016. Retrieved 9 September 2021.
147. "Brussels". efus.eu. European Forum for Urban Security. 21 January 2012. Archived from the original on 8 August 2021. Retrieved 9 September 2021.
148. "Sister Cities". Chicago Sister Cities International. Archived from the original on 14 March 2019. Retrieved 9 September 2021.
149. "Frankfurts Partnerstädte" (in German). Frankfurt am Main. Archived from the original on 12 August 2021. Retrieved 9 September 2021.
150. "Partnerstädte" (in German). Hamburg. Archived from the original on 4 September 2021. Retrieved 9 September 2021.
151. "Sister Cities". Kyoto. Archived from the original on 15 March 2019. Retrieved 9 September 2021.
152. "Miami-Dade County Sister Cities Program". Miami-Dade County. Archived from the original on 3 March 2021. Retrieved 9 September 2021.
153. "Partnerstädte" (in German). Nuremberg. Archived from the original on 1 September 2021. Retrieved 9 September 2021.
154. "Sister Cities". Phoenix Sister Cities. Archived from the original on 28 September 2021. Retrieved 9 September 2021.
155. "What's Behind the Prague-Taipei Sister City Ties?". The Diplomat. 17 December 2019. Archived from the original on 27 December 2019. Retrieved 9 September 2021.
156. "| Texas State Historical Association (TSHA)". Tshaonline.org. 10 November 2013. Archived from the original on 24 September 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2013.
157. "The History of Prague". cityofpragueok.org. 23 April 2008. Archived from the original on 7 March 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2013.
158. "CASDE | Prague – Saunders County". Casde.unl.edu. Archived from the original on 7 August 2013. Retrieved 18 November 2013.
159. "Visitor Information". Archived from the original on 15 May 2008. Retrieved 18 November 2013.
160. "Klodzko: Dolnośląskie – Poland". International Jewish Cemetery Project. 24 October 2011. Archived from the original on 21 April 2016. Retrieved 7 April 2016.

Further reading

• Bryant, Chad. Prague: Belonging in the Modern City. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press, 2021.
• Jekova, Alena. 77 Prague Legends. Prague: Prah, 2006. ISBN 80-7252-139-X
• Prague (Eyewitness Travel Guide by DK Publishing) (2009) excerpt and text search 2006 edition Archived 2 June 2020 at the Wayback Machine
• Prague (City Guide) by Neil Wilson (2009) excerpt and text search Archived 2 June 2020 at the Wayback Machine
• Praha – Prague and environs (by Čedok) (1926) city guide from 1920s
• Rick Steves' Prague and The Czech Republic by Rick Steves and Honza Vihan (2009) excerpt and text search Archived 9 March 2021 at the Wayback Machine
• Wilson, Neil. Lonely Planet Prague (2007) excerpt and text search Archived 2 June 2020 at the Wayback Machine
• Wilson, Paul, ed. Prague: A Traveler's Literary Companion. Whereabouts Press, 1995.

Culture and society

• Banville, John. Prague Pictures: Portraits of a City. Bloomsbury, 2004.
• Becker, Edwin et al., ed. Prague 1900: Poetry and Ecstasy (2000). 224 pp.
• Boehm, Barbara Drake; et al. (2005). Prague: The Crown of Bohemia, 1347–1437. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. ISBN 978-1588391612. Archived from the original on 13 July 2018. Retrieved 22 May 2017.
• Burton, Richard D. E. Prague: A Cultural and Literary History (2003). 268 pp. excerpt and text search Archived 21 April 2022 at the Wayback Machine
• Cohen, Gary B. The Politics of Ethnic Survival: Germans in Prague, 1861–1914 (1981). 344 pp.
• Fucíková, Eliska, ed. Rudolf II and Prague: The Court and the City (1997). 792 pp.
• Holz, Keith. Modern German Art for Thirties Paris, Prague, and London: Resistance and Acquiescence in a Democratic Public Sphere (2004). 359 pp.
• Iggers, Wilma Abeles. Women of Prague: Ethnic Diversity and Social Change from the Eighteenth Century to the Present (1995). 381 pp. online edition Archived 28 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine
• Porizka, Lubomir; Hojda, Zdenek; and Pesek, Jirí. The Palaces of Prague (1995). 216 pp.
• Rybár, Ctibor. Jewish Prague: Notes on History and Culture — A Guidebook (1991).
• Sayer, Derek. Prague: Crossroads of Europe. London Reaktion Books, 2018. ISBN 978-1-78914-009-5.
• Sayer, Derek. Prague, Capital of the Twentieth Century: A Surrealist History (Princeton University Press; 2013) 595 pp.; a study of the city as a crossroads for modernity.
• Sayer, Derek. "The Language of Nationality and the Nationality of Language: Prague 1780–1920", Past & Present 1996 (153): 164–210. in Jstor Archived 15 December 2019 at the Wayback Machine
• Spector, Scott. Prague Territories: National Conflict and Cultural Innovation in Kafka's Fin de Siècle (2000). 331 pp. online edition Archived 28 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine
• Svácha, Rostislav. The Architecture of New Prague, 1895–1945 (1995). 573 pp.
• Wittlich, Peter. Prague: Fin de Siècle (1992). 280 pp.

External links

• Official website (in Czech and English)
• Official tourist portal
• Old maps of Prague Archived 26 July 2022 at the Wayback Machine in Historic Cities site

Articles related to Prague

Prague in the European Union v t e Capital cities of the member states of the European Union Netherlands: Amsterdam Greece: Athens Germany: Berlin Slovakia: Bratislava Belgium: Brussels Romania: Bucharest Hungary: Budapest Denmark: Copenhagen Ireland: Dublin Finland: Helsinki Portugal: Lisbon Slovenia: Ljubljana Luxembourg: Luxembourg Spain: Madrid Cyprus: Nicosia France: Paris Czech Republic: Prague Latvia: Riga Italy: Rome Bulgaria: Sofia Sweden: Stockholm Estonia: Tallinn Malta: Valletta Austria: Vienna Lithuania: Vilnius Poland: Warsaw Croatia: Zagreb v t e Capitals of European states and territories Capitals of dependent territories and states whose sovereignty is disputed shown in italics. Sovereign states Amsterdam, Netherlands Andorra la Vella, Andorra Ankara, Turkey Astana, Kazakhstan Athens, Greece Baku, Azerbaijan Belgrade, Serbia Berlin, Germany Bern, Switzerland Bratislava, Slovakia Brussels, Belgium Bucharest, Romania Budapest, Hungary Chișinău, Moldova Copenhagen, Denmark Dublin, Ireland Helsinki, Finland Kyiv, Ukraine Lisbon, Portugal Ljubljana, Slovenia London, United Kingdom Luxembourg, Luxembourg Madrid, Spain Minsk, Belarus Monaco Moscow, Russia Nicosia, Cyprus Oslo, Norway Paris, France Podgorica, Montenegro Prague, Czech Republic Reykjavík, Iceland Riga, Latvia Rome, Italy San Marino, San Marino Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina Skopje, North Macedonia Sofia, Bulgaria Stockholm, Sweden Tallinn, Estonia Tbilisi, Georgia Tirana, Albania Vaduz, Liechtenstein Valletta, Malta Vatican City Vienna, Austria Vilnius, Lithuania Warsaw, Poland Yerevan, Armenia Zagreb, Croatia States with limited recognition North Nicosia, Northern Cyprus Pristina, Kosovo Sukhumi, Abkhazia Tiraspol, Transnistria Tskhinvali, South Ossetia Dependencies United Kingdom Constituent countries London, England Edinburgh, Scotland Cardiff, Wales Belfast, Northern Ireland Crown Dependencies and Overseas Territories Douglas, Isle of Man Episkopi Cantonment, Akrotiri and Dhekelia Gibraltar, Gibraltar St Helier, Jersey Saint Peter Port, Guernsey Other Longyearbyen, Svalbard (Norway) Tórshavn, Faroe Islands (Denmark) Federal states Austria Bregenz, Vorarlberg Eisenstadt, Burgenland Graz, Styria Innsbruck, Tyrol Klagenfurt, Carinthia Linz, Upper Austria Salzburg, Salzburg Sankt Pölten, Lower Austria Vienna, Vienna Belgium Communities Brussels, Flemish Community and French Community Eupen, German-speaking Community Regions Brussels, Brussels-Capital Region and Flanders Namur, Wallonia Bosnia and Herzegovina Banja Luka (de facto), Republika Srpska Brčko, Brčko District Sarajevo, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina Germany Berlin, Berlin Bremen, Bremen Dresden, Saxony Düsseldorf, North Rhine-Westphalia Erfurt, Thuringia Hamburg, Hamburg Hanover, Lower Saxony Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein Magdeburg, Saxony-Anhalt Mainz, Rhineland-Palatinate Munich, Bavaria Potsdam, Brandenburg Saarbrücken, Saarland Schwerin, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg Wiesbaden, Hesse Russia Republics Cheboksary, Chuvashia Cherkessk, Karachay-Cherkessia Elista, Kalmykia Grozny, Chechnya Izhevsk, Udmurtia Kazan, Tatarstan Magas, Ingushetia Makhachkala, Dagestan Maykop, Adygea Nalchik, Kabardino-Balkaria Petrozavodsk, Karelia Saransk, Mordovia Simferopol, Crimea (disputed) Syktyvkar, Komi Ufa, Bashkortostan Vladikavkaz, North Ossetia–Alania Yoshkar-Ola, Mari El Autonomous okrugs Naryan-Mar, Nenets Krais Krasnodar, Krasnodar Krai Perm, Perm Krai Stavropol, Stavropol Krai Oblasts Arkhangelsk, Arkhangelsk Oblast Astrakhan, Astrakhan Oblast Belgorod, Belgorod Oblast Bryansk, Bryansk Oblast Ivanovo, Ivanovo Oblast Kaliningrad, Kaliningrad Oblast Kaluga, Kaluga Oblast Kirov, Kirov Oblast Kostroma, Kostroma Oblast Krasnogorsk and Moscow, Moscow Oblast (de facto) Kursk, Kursk Oblast Lipetsk, Lipetsk Oblast Murmansk, Murmansk Oblast Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast Orenburg, Orenburg Oblast Oryol, Oryol Oblast Penza, Penza Oblast Pskov, Pskov Oblast Rostov-on-Don, Rostov Oblast Ryazan, Ryazan Oblast Gatchina, Leningrad Oblast Samara, Samara Oblast Saratov, Saratov Oblast Smolensk, Smolensk Oblast Tambov, Tambov Oblast Tula, Tula Oblast Tver, Tver Oblast Ulyanovsk, Ulyanovsk Oblast Veliky Novgorod, Novgorod Oblast Vladimir, Vladimir Oblast Volgograd, Volgograd Oblast Vologda, Vologda Oblast Voronezh, Voronezh Oblast Yaroslavl, Yaroslavl Oblast Federal cities Moscow Saint Petersburg Sevastopol (disputed) Switzerland Aarau, Aargau Altdorf, Uri Appenzell, Appenzell Innerrhoden Basel, Basel-Stadt Bellinzona, Ticino Chur, Grisons Delémont, Jura Frauenfeld, Thurgau Fribourg, Canton of Fribourg Geneva, Canton of Geneva Herisau, Appenzell Ausserrhoden Lausanne, Vaud Liestal, Basel-Landschaft Lucerne, Canton of Lucerne Neuchâtel, Canton of Neuchâtel Sarnen, Obwalden Schaffhausen, Canton of Schaffhausen Schwyz, Canton of Schwyz Sion, Valais Solothurn, Canton of Solothurn Stans, Nidwalden St. Gallen, Canton of St. Gallen Glarus, Canton of Glarus Zug, Canton of Zug Zurich, Canton of Zürich Autonomous entities Italy Autonomous regions Cagliari, Sardinia Palermo, Sicily Trento, Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol Aosta, Aosta Valley Trieste, Friuli Venezia Giulia Portugal Autonomous regions Ponta Delgada, Angra do Heroísmo, & Horta, Azores Funchal, Madeira Spain Barcelona, Catalonia Las Palmas & Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canary Islands Logroño, La Rioja Madrid, Community of Madrid Mérida, Extremadura Murcia, Region of Murcia Oviedo, Asturias Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands Pamplona, Navarre Santander, Cantabria Santiago de Compostela, Galicia Seville, Andalusia Toledo, Castilla–La Mancha (de facto) Valencia, Valencian Community Valladolid, Castile and León (de facto) Vitoria-Gasteiz, Basque Country (de facto) Zaragoza, Aragon Other Ajaccio, Corsica Collectivité (France) Batumi, Adjara (Georgia) Comrat, Gagauzia (Moldova) Karyes, Mount Athos (Greece) Mariehamn, Åland Islands (Finland) Nakhchivan, Nakhchivan (Azerbaijan) Novi Sad, Vojvodina (Serbia) Simferopol, Crimea (Ukraine)  Also the capital of the Kingdom of the Netherlands  Continental placement may vary depending on geographic convention being followed  Also the seat of the European Union, see Institutional seats of the European Union and Brussels and the European Union  A city-state v t e European Capitals of Culture 1985 Athens 1986 Florence 1987 Amsterdam 1988 West Berlin 1989 Paris 1990 Glasgow 1991 Dublin 1992 Madrid 1993 Antwerp 1994 Lisbon 1995 Luxembourg City 1996 Copenhagen 1997 Thessaloniki 1998 Stockholm 1999 Weimar 2000 Reykjavík Bergen Helsinki Brussels Prague Kraków Santiago de Compostela Avignon Bologna 2001 Rotterdam Porto 2002 Bruges Salamanca 2003 Graz Plovdiv 2004 Genoa Lille 2005 Cork 2006 Patras 2007 Luxembourg City Sibiu 2008 Liverpool Stavanger 2009 Linz Vilnius 2010 Essen Istanbul Pécs 2011 Turku Tallinn 2012 Maribor Guimarães 2013 Košice Marseille 2014 Umeå Riga 2015 Mons Plzeň 2016 San Sebastián Wrocław 2017 Aarhus Paphos 2018 Valletta Leeuwarden 2019 Plovdiv Matera 2020-April 2021 Rijeka Galway 2022 Kaunas Esch-sur-Alzette Novi Sad 2023 Veszprém Timișoara Elefsina 2024 Tartu Bad Ischl Bodø 2025 Nova Gorica / Gorizia Chemnitz 2026 Oulu Trenčín 2027 Liepāja v t e European Capitals of Sport 2001 Madrid 2002 Stockholm 2003 Glasgow 2004 Alicante 2005 Rotterdam 2006 Copenhagen 2007 Stuttgart 2008 Warsaw 2009 Milan 2010 Dublin 2011 Valencia 2012 Istanbul 2013 Antwerp 2014 Cardiff 2015 Turin 2016 Prague 2017 Marseille 2018 Sofia 2019 Budapest 2020 Málaga 2021 Lisbon 2022 The Hague 2023 Glasgow 2024 Genoa v t e Districts and cadastral areas of Prague Former names shown in italics Big municipal districts Prague 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 (Radotín) 17 (Řepy) 18 (Letňany) 19 (Kbely) 20 (Horní Počernice) 21 (Újezd nad Lesy) 22 (Uhříněves) Small municipal districts Běchovice Benice Březiněves Čakovice Ďáblice Dolní Chabry Dolní Měcholupy Dolní Počernice Dubeč Klánovice Koloděje Kolovraty Královice Křeslice Kunratice Libuš Lipence Lochkov Lysolaje Nebušice Nedvězí Petrovice Přední Kopanina Řeporyje Satalice Slivenec Suchdol Šeberov Štěrboholy Troja Újezd u Průhonic Velká Chuchle Vinoř Zbraslav Zličín Cadastral areas Běchovice Benice Bohnice Braník Břevnov Březiněves Bubeneč Čakovice Černý Most Chodov Cholupice Čimice Ďáblice Dejvice Dolní Chabry Dolní Měcholupy Dolní Počernice Dubeč Háje Hájek Hloubětín Hlubočepy Hodkovičky Holešovice Holyně Horní Měcholupy Horní Počernice Hostavice Hostivař Hradčany Hrdlořezy Jinonice Josefov (Jewish Quarter) Kamýk Karlín Klánovice Kobylisy Koloděje Kolovraty Komořany Košíře Královice Krč Křeslice Kunratice Kyje Lahovice Letňany Lhotka Libeň Liboc Libuš Lipany Lipence Lochkov Lysolaje Malá Chuchle Malá Strana ("Lesser Town") Malešice Michle Miškovice Modřany Motol Nebušice Nedvězí u Říčan Nové Město ("New Town") Nusle Petrovice Písnice Pitkovice Podolí Přední Kopanina Prosek Radlice Radotín Řeporyje Řepy Ruzyně Satalice Sedlec Slivenec Smíchov Sobín Staré Město ("Old Town") Štěrboholy Stodůlky Strašnice Střešovice Střížkov Suchdol Točná Třebonice Třeboradice Troja Uhříněves Újezd nad Lesy Újezd (u Průhonic) Veleslavín Velká Chuchle Vinohrady Vinoř Vokovice Vršovice Vyšehrad Vysočany Záběhlice Zadní Kopanina Zbraslav Žižkov Zličín v t e Regions of the Czech Republic Central Bohemian Hradec Králové Karlovy Vary Liberec Moravian-Silesian Olomouc Pardubice Plzeň Prague South Bohemian South Moravian Ústí nad Labem Vysočina Zlín v t e Administrative seats of Czech regions Brno České Budějovice Hradec Králové Jihlava Karlovy Vary Liberec Olomouc Ostrava Pardubice Plzeň Prague Ústí nad Labem Zlín v t e World Heritage Sites in the Czech Republic Český Krumlov Erzgebirge/Krušnohoří Mining Region The Great Spa Towns of Europe Gardens and Castle at Kroměříž Holašovice Historical Village Reservation Holy Trinity Column in Olomouc Jewish Quarter and St. Procopius Basilica in Třebíč Kutná Hora Landscape for Breeding and Training of Ceremonial Carriage Horses at Kladruby nad Labem Lednice–Valtice Cultural Landscape Litomyšl Castle Pilgrimage Church of Saint John of Nepomuk Prague and Průhonice Park Telč Villa Tugendhat Žatec and the Landscape of Saaz Hops Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe Shared with Germany; Shared with six countries; Shared with 17 countries

• World Heritage Sites in the Czech Republic
• Prague
• 880s establishments
• Capitals in Europe
• Cities and towns in the Czech Republic
• NUTS 2 statistical regions of the European Union
• Populated places established in the 9th century
• Regions of the Czech Republic