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Presidential elections in Colombia are the process by which the Colombian people directly elect the President and Vice-President of the Republic of Colombia via a popular vote.

Electoral Process

In order to serve as President of the Republic of Colombia, one must be Colombian by birth, a citizen in good standing, and at least 30 years of age. No one who has incurred one of the grounds for incapacity, or who has held public office up to a year prior to the election, can be elected president or vice-president.

History

Under the constitutions of 1832 and 1843 (in elections from 1833 to 1853) the President of the Republic of New Granada was elected by an Electoral College, composed of citizens elected by popular vote in each constituency.

With the constitutions of 1853 and 1858, the President of New Granada (1857) and of the Granadine Confederation (1861, though this election was invalidated) were elected by universal vote. After the passage of the constitution of 1863, the President of the United States of Colombia (in elections between 1864 and 1886) was elected via a system by which each state had one vote, making a total of nine valid votes.

With the constitution of 1886 came a return to election of the President of the Republic of Colombia (from 1892 to 1904) via the aforementioned electoral college system.

In 1910, the Constituent Assembly that amended the constitution chose the president, and decreed that from 1914 elections would again be via universal vote.

Between 1910 and 1990, presidential elections only elected the president, as the constitutional reform of 1910 eliminated the position of vice-president.

The constitution of 1991 reinstated the election of a vice-president, on a ticket with the president, and established a second-round voting process if no candidate achieves an absolute majority of valid votes.

Suffrage

The President of the Republic is elected for a period of four years, by the greater part of the votes that citizens deposit directly and secretly on the date and by the methods established by law. The Electoral Organization is required to equitably provide voters with a ballot on which incorporated political movements, parties, and candidates must be identified clearly and under equal conditions. This is known as the cédula de ciudadanía, or "citizenship card."

Presidential second round

If no candidate obtains an absolute majority, a new vote is held three weeks later, in which only the two candidates that obtained the highest vote totals participate. The candidate who obtains the greatest number of votes in this second round is will declared President. In case of death, assassination, or permanent physical incapacity of one of the two candidates with the highest number of votes, their party or political movement can choose a new candidate for the second round. If this is not done, or if the vacancy is due to another cause, whoever obtained the third highest vote total will replace that candidate, and so on successively in descending order. If the vacancy occurs within two weeks prior to the second round, the vote will be postponed for fifteen days.

Presidential Elections

Type of suffrage	Constitution	Date
Male censitary suffrage	State of New Granada Constitution	1833 • 1837 • 1841
	Republic of New Granada Constitution	1845 • 1849 • 1853 • 1857
	Granadine Confederation Constitution	1861
	Constitution of the United States of Colombia	1864 • 1866 • 1868 • 1870 • 1872 • 1874 • 1876 • 1878 • 1880 • 1882 • 1884
voto censitario y masculino	1886 Constitution of the Republic of Colombia	1892 • 1898 • 1904 • 1910 • 1914 • 1918 • 1922 • 1926 • 1930 • 1934 • 1938 • 1942 • 1946 • 1949
Voto universal		1958 • 1962 • 1966 • 1970 • 1974 • 1978 • 1982 • 1986 • 1990
	1991 Constitution of the Republic of Colombia	1994 • 1998 •2002 • 2006 •2010 • 2014 • 2018 • 2022

See also

• President of Colombia
• Legislative elections in Colombia
• Regional elections in Colombia

References

1. "Elecciones 2018 en Colombia" (in Spanish). February 2018. Archived from the original on 2021-05-06. Retrieved 2022-06-21.
2. Constitución Política. "Artículo 258" (in Spanish). Retrieved 18 August 2014.
3. Registraduria Colombiana. "El 15 de junio de 2014 se celebraría la segunda vuelta Presidencial" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 19 August 2014. Retrieved 18 August 2014.
4. Constitución Política. "Capitulo del Presidente" (in Spanish). Retrieved 18 August 2014.

v t e Elections in Colombia
Presidential elections	1811 1813 1821 1825 1830 1832 1833 1836–37 1840–41 1844–45 1848–49 1852–53 1856 1860 1863 1864 1865–66 1867–68 1869–70 1871–72 1873–74 1875–76 1878 1880 1882 1884 1886 1892 1898 1904 1909 1910 1914 1918 1922 1926 1930 1934 1938 1942 1946 1949 1958 1962 1966 1970 1974 1978 1982 1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018 2022
Legislative elections	1813 1820 1825 1831 1838 1867 1892 1931 1933 1935 1937 1939 1941 1943 1945 1947 1949 1951 1953 1958 1960 1962 1964 1966 1968 1970 1974 1978 1982 1986 1990 (Mar) 1990 (Dec) 1991 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018 2022
Regional elections	1991 1992 1994 1997 2000 2003 2007 2011 2015 2019 2023
Referendums	1957 1990 (Mar) 1990 (May) 1990 (Dec) 1997 2003 2016 2018

• Presidential elections in Colombia
• Quadrennial elections
• Presidency of Colombia