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Caroline of Hesse-Rotenburg
Princess of Condé
Portrait by Jean-Marc Nattier
Born	(1714-08-18)18 August 1714 Schloss Rotenburg, Rotenburg
Died	14 June 1741(1741-06-14) (aged 26) Hôtel de Condé, Paris, France
Burial	Carmel du faubourg Saint-Jacques, Paris
Spouse	Louis Henri, Duke of Bourbon ​ ​(m. 1728; died 1740)​
Issue	Louis Joseph, Prince of Condé
Father	Ernest Leopold, Landgrave of Hesse-Rotenburg
Mother	Eleonore of Löwenstein-Wertheim

Princess Caroline of Hesse-Rheinfels-Rotenburg (18 August 1714 – 14 June 1741) was Princess of Condé by marriage to Louis Henri, Duke of Bourbon.

Early life

Born at Rotenburg an der Fulda in Hesse, Germany, she was the daughter of Ernest Leopold, Landgrave of Hesse-Rotenburg, head of the Roman Catholic branch of the House of Hesse, by his wife, Countess Eleonore of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rochefort. She was one of ten children.

Marriage

On 23 July 1728, she married Louis Henri, Duke of Bourbon, at Sarry in France. Louis Henri was a French prince of the Blood Royal and head of the House of Condé, a branch of the House of Bourbon. Maternally, he was a grandson of Louis XIV of France through his mother, one of the king's legitimated daughters. By the time of his second marriage to Caroline, Louis Henri had lost the sight of one eye and the attractive slenderness his height bestowed upon him in youth. After marriage she was known at the French court as Madame la Duchesse.

The previous Princess of Condé had been Marie Anne de Bourbon, who had died eight years before the marriage between Caroline and Louis Henri. Caroline was alleged to have been pretty and to have been included on a list of possible wives for Louis XV of France, but had been removed on account of her bad temper. When her husband was banished to his estates in 1725, Madame la Duchesse was obliged to withdraw with him to the Château de Chantilly until Monsieur le Duc was pardoned and the couple were allowed to resume attendance at the royal court again in 1730, where they lived quietly at the Hôtel de Condé. The couple had one child eight years into their marriage: Louis Joseph de Bourbon.

Her husband died at the Château de Chantilly on 27 January 1740, in the same year the future Marquis de Sade was born at the Hôtel de Condé; his mother was Caroline's lady in waiting. Caroline died in Paris one year later, in June 1741, and was buried at the Carmel du faubourg Saint-Jacques in Paris.

Legacy

In 1745, her niece Princess Viktoria of Hesse-Rheinfels-Rotenburg, would marry Charles, Prince of Soubise, head of the junior branch of the House of Rohan and father of Charlotte de Rohan, who would also marry a Prince of Condé.

In 1767, one of her nieces, Princess Maria Luisa of Savoy, would come to France to marry the young Louis Alexandre de Bourbon. She would become the great friend of Marie Antoinette as the princesse de Lamballe and be murdered by a revolutionary mob in Paris during the September Massacres of 1792.

Issue

• Louis Joseph de Bourbon (9 August 1736 – 13 May 1818); next Prince of Condé.

Ancestry

Notes

1. Huberty 1976, pp. 108, 129, 146–147, 153–154.
2. Huberty 1976, p. 75.
3. Meyrac's footnote in d'Angerville, p. 33.
4. Genealogie ascendante jusqu'au quatrieme degre inclusivement de tous les Rois et Princes de maisons souveraines de l'Europe actuellement vivans [Genealogy up to the fourth degree inclusive of all the Kings and Princes of sovereign houses of Europe currently living] (in French). Bourdeaux: Frederic Guillaume Birnstiel. 1768. p. 64.

References

• Huberty, Michel; Giraud, F. Alain; Magdelaine, F. & B (1976), L'Allemagne Dynastique (Tome I Hesse-Reuss-Saxe), Le Perreux: A. Giraud, ISBN 2-901138-01-2
• Mouffle d'Angerville, The Private Life of Louis XV. "Annotated and amplified by quotations from original and unpublished documents by Albert Mirac." Translated from the French by H.S. Mingard. 1924, New York; Boni and Liveright.  D'Angerville's original title: Vie privée de Louis XV, ou principaux évènements, particularités et anecdotes de son règne. 4 vols. crown 8vo., published in London in 1781. Meyrac says he "extracted these piquant pages" from the original.

v t e Princesses of the Blood by marriage
The generations start from the children of François de Bourbon, Count of Vendôme, from whom are descended all legitimate Bourbons after the death in 1627 of Marie de Bourbon, last of the Montpensier branch of the dynasty.
1st generation	Françoise de Valois, Duchesse d'Alençon*
2nd generation	Jeanne d'Albret, Queen of Navarre Eléanor de Roucy de Roye Françoise d'Orléans-Longueville
3rd generation	Marie of Cleves Charlotte Catherine de La Trémoille Jeanne de Coëmes Louise Marguerite de Lorraine-Guise Anne de Montafié
4th generation	Charlotte Marguerite de Montmorency
5th generation	Claire-Clémence de Maillé-Brézé Anna Maria Martinozzi Laura Mancini
6th generation	Princess Palatine Anne Marie Anne de Bourbon, légitimée de France Marie Thérèse de Bourbon-Condé*
7th generation	Louise Françoise de Bourbon, légitimée de France
8th generation	Auguste of Baden-Baden Marie Anne de Bourbon-Conti* Princess Caroline of Hesse-Rotenburg Louise Élisabeth de Bourbon-Condé*
9th generation	Louise Henriette de Bourbon-Conti* Charlotte de Rohan Maria Caterina Brignole Louise Diane d'Orléans*
10th generation	Louise Marie Adélaïde de Bourbon-Penthièvre* Bathilde d'Orléans* Princess Maria Fortunata d'Este of Modena Maria Luisa, Princess of Lamballe
11th generation	Princess Maria Amalia of Naples and Sicily Charlotte de Rohan
* princess of the Blood in her own right as well as wife of a prince of the Blood

• 1714 births
• 1741 deaths
• People from Rotenburg an der Fulda
• House of Hesse-Kassel
• House of Bourbon-Condé
• Princesses of Condé
• Duchesses of Bourbon
• Burials at the Carmel du faubourg Saint-Jacques
• Landgravines of Hesse-Rotenburg
• 17th-century German people
• 18th-century German people
• Daughters of monarchs