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Protic solvent

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(Redirected from Protic solvents) Solvent containing an H+ ion "Protic" redirects here. For the surname, see Protić.

In chemistry, a protic solvent is a solvent that has a hydrogen atom bound to an oxygen (as in a hydroxyl group −OH), a nitrogen (as in an amine group −NH2 or −NH−), or fluoride (as in hydrogen fluoride). In general terms, any solvent that contains a labile H is called a protic solvent. The molecules of such solvents readily donate protons (H) to solutes, often via hydrogen bonding. Water is the most common protic solvent. Conversely, polar aprotic solvents cannot donate protons but still have the ability to dissolve many salts.

Methods for purification of common solvents are available

Solvent Chemical formula Boiling point Dielectric constant Density Dipole moment (D)
Polar protic solvents
formic acid HCO2H 101 °C 58 1.21 g/mL 1.41 D
n-butanol CH3CH2CH2CH2OH 118 °C 18 0.810 g/mL 1.63 D
isopropanol (IPA) (CH3)2CH(OH) 82 °C 18 0.785 g/mL 1.66 D
nitromethane CH3NO2 101°C 35.87 1.1371 g/mL 3.56 D
ethanol (EtOH) CH3CH2OH 79 °C 24.55 0.789 g/mL 1.69 D
methanol (MeOH) CH3OH 65 °C 33 0.791 g/mL 1.70 D
Acetic acid (AcOH) CH3CO2H 118 °C 6.2 1.049 g/mL 1.74 D
Water H2O 100 °C 80 1.000 g/mL 1.85 D

See also

References

  1. Stoye, Dieter (2000). "Solvents". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a24_437. ISBN 3527306730.
  2. John R. Rumble (ed.). "Laboratory Solvent Solvents and Other Liquid Reagents". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 102nd Edition (Internet Version 2021). Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC Press/Taylor & Francis.
  3. W. L. F. Armarego (2017). Purification of Laboratory Chemicals, 8th Edition. Elsevier. ISBN 9780128054567.
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