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Pulse sequence

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Timing diagram for an MRI spin echo pulse sequence.

Graphical representation of a pulse sequence for a homonuclear NOESY experiment. The three bars represent three 90° pulses.

An INEPT NMR pulse sequence for a heteronuclear experiment. The thin bar denotes a 90° pulse, while the thick bar denotes a 180° pulse. INEPT is a common building block of NMR experiments to improve N signal.

In Fourier transform NMR spectroscopy and imaging, a pulse sequence describes a series of radio frequency pulses applied to the sample, such that the free induction decay is related to the characteristic frequencies of the desired signals. After applying a Fourier transform, the signal can be represented in the frequency domain as the NMR spectrum. In magnetic resonance imaging, additional gradient pulses are applied by switching magnetic fields that exhibit a space-dependent gradient which can be used to reconstruct spatially resolved images after applying Fourier transforms.

The outcome of pulse sequences is often analyzed using the product operator formalism.

See also

References

M H Levitt (2008). Spin Dynamics. John Wiley & Sons Ltd. ISBN 978-0470511176.
Bernstein, M.A.; King, K.E.; Zhou, X.J.; Fong, W. (2004). Handbook of MRI Pulse Sequences. Retrieved 2008-04-08.

External links

Pulse sequences in the online textbook
The Basics of NMR (by Joseph Hornak)

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