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Pyronema

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Genus of fungi

Pyronema
Pyronema sp. fruiting on burned soil a few months after a wildfire in California, USA (image credit: Monika Fischer)
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Class: Pezizomycetes
Order: Pezizales
Family: Pyronemataceae
Genus: Pyronema
Type species
Pyronema omphalodes
(Bull.) Fuckel (1870)
Species

P. domesticum (Sowerby) Sacc. (1889)
P. omphalodes (Bull.) Fuckel (1870)

Synonyms

Phycoascus A.Møller (1901)

Pyronema is a genus of cup fungi in the family Pyronemataceae. Pyronema are found fruiting exclusively on recently burned or heat-sterilized substrates. The fruiting bodies (apothecia) are light-pink to orange and disc or cushion shaped. Always growing in dense clusters, and often fusing together resulting in an amorphous mat-like appearance. Ascospores are simple, smooth, ellipsoid, colorless, and lack lipid droplets. When grown in a laboratory setting on agar plates, P. domesticum produces sclerotia, whereas P. omphalodes does not. P. domesticum tends to produce pink to orange apothecia and slightly larger spores, whereas P. omphalodes apothecia are orange to yellow-orange with slightly smaller spores. Pyronema are known to dominate the soil fungal community after fire, and P. domesticum has been shown to metabolize charcoal. P. omphalodes is synonymous with P. confluens and P. marianum.

Pyronema was first circumscribed as Peziza omphalodes by Pierre Bulliard in 1790, and in 1870 Leopold Fuckel built off the description from Bulliard, merging several synonymous species into P. omphalodes. In 1889, Pier Andrea Saccardo circumscribed the species P. domesticum, directly building from the work of James Sowerby.

References

  1. ^ "Pyronema Carus 1835". MycoBank. International Mycological Association. Retrieved 2012-02-12.
  2. Seaver, Fred (1909). "Studies in pyrophilous fungi: I. The occurrence and cultivation of Pyronema". Mycologia. 1 (4): 131–139. doi:10.2307/3753124. JSTOR 3753124.
  3. "JGI Mycocosm Pyronema omphalodes genome". Mycocosm. JGI.
  4. Siegel & Schwartz (2024). Mushrooms of Cascadia. Backcountry Press. p. 544. ISBN 978-1-941624-19-7.
  5. Bruns, Thomas (March 4, 2020). "A simple pyrocosm for studying soil microbial response to fire reveals a rapid, massive response by Pyronema species". PLOS ONE. 15 (3): e0222691. Bibcode:2020PLoSO..1522691B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0222691. PMC 7055920. PMID 32130222.
  6. Shechet, Ellie (November 28, 2021). "This Fire-Loving Fungus Eats Charcoal, if it must". The New York Times.
  7. Fischer, Monika (2021-10-27). "Pyrolyzed Substrates Induce Aromatic Compound Metabolism in the Post-fire Fungus, Pyronema domesticum". Frontiers in Microbiology. 12. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.729289. PMC 8579045. PMID 34777277.
  8. "Pyronema omphalodes". Ascomycete.org.
  9. Bulliard, Pierre (1780–93). Herbier de la France; ou, Collection complette des plantes indigenes de ce royaume; avec leurs proprie´te´s, et leurs usages en medecine. Paris.
  10. Fuckel, L. (1870). "Symbolae mycologicae. Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Rheinischen Pilze". Jahrbücher des Nassauischen Vereins für Naturkunde. 23–24: 1–459.
  11. Saccardo, P.A. (1889). "Discomyceteae et Phymatosphaeriaceae". Sylloge Fungorum. 8: 1–1143.
Taxon identifiers
Pyronema


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