The Qawwal Bacchon Ka Gharana or Dilli Gharana is the oldest khayal gharana of the Hindustani Classical music tradition. It was founded by Amir Khusrau (1253-1325) and his students in the 13th century.
History
The members of this gharana have lived in Delhi for many generations. The gharana was founded by the disciples of Amir Khusrau, a pioneer of qawwali, tarana and khayal. As a result, this gharana specializes in these genres.
Pedagogical genealogy
| Hazrat Amir Khusrau (progenitor) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Qawwal Bacchon (12 Disciples) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Zainulabdin Khan | Shakkar Khan | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Achapal Miyan (founder) | "Manarang" | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bade Muhammad Khan (luminary) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Meer Qutub Baksh "Tanras Khan" | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Umrao Khan | Ghulam Ghaus Khan | Bade Mubarak Ali Khan | Bade Murad Ali Khan | Waris Ali Khan | Bade Munnawar Ali Khan | Kutub Ali Khan | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sanghi Khan | Ali Baksh Khan & Fateh Ali Khan | Ghagge Nazir Khan | Wahid Khan (beenkar) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Abdul Rahim & Abdul Karim Khan | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Patiala Gharana Parampara | Mewati Gharana Parampara | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mamman Khan (founder) | Samman Khan | Sugra Khan | Kaley Khan | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Johan Khan (violin) | Chand Khan | Bundu Khan (sarangiya) | Usman Khan | Ramzan Khan | Mammu Khan | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Zahoor Ahmed Khan (violinist) | Hilal Ahmed Khan | Zafar Ahmed Khan (sitarist) | Shakil Ahmed Khan (tabalist) | Nasir Ahmed Khan | Mohammed Ali Khan (sursagarist) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Iqbal Ahmad Khan | Kamran Ahmed Khan | Imran Ahmed Khan | Tanvir Ahmed Khan | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Style
Members of this gharana approach raagdari with more freedom than the dhrupad-informed gharanas, like Gwalior, Jaipur, and Agra. Emphasis on bhav and exposition are the hallmarks of this style.
Repertoire
In addition to extensive khayal compositions, the gharana is known for its qawwals.
Controversy
Some orthodox members of Indian classical music world do not regard the Delhi gharana as an "authentic" one because its members include a number of tabla and sarangi players. Some believe these members do not represent a truly unique musical style. Scholars note the individual quality of each generation's leading singer. Though, this tradition is a gharana in familial terms.
It is strictly forbidden to play Sarangi in the tradition of the original Qawwal Bacche.
Exponents
- Amir Khusrau
- Ghagge Nazir Khan
- Wahid Khan
- Munshi Raziuddin
- Ustad Naseeruddin Saami
- Manzoor Ahmed Khan Niazi
- Fareed Ayaz
- Abdullah Niazi Qawwal
- Bahauddin Khan
- Tanras Khan
- Warsi Brothers
- Fateh Ali Khan
- Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan
- Farrukh Fateh Ali Khan
- Rahat Fateh Ali Khan
References
- "Dilli Gharana". Google Arts & Culture.
- Ranade, Ashok Da. (2006). Music Contexts: A Concise Dictionary of Hindustani Music. Promila & Co. Publishers. pp. 54–114. ISBN 81-85002-63-0.
- Te Nijenhuis, Emmie (1974). Indian Music: History and Structure. Belgium. p. 90.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - "Gharanas Of Hindustani Music - Hindustani Classical Gharanas - Hindustani Music Gharanas". www.culturalindia.net.
- Imani, Alifiyah (20 August 2015). "Qawwal Gali: The street that never sleeps". Herald Magazine (Dawn Group of Newspapers). Archived from the original on 22 August 2015. Retrieved 16 December 2024.
"This street is so alive at night, especially during Ramzan, that you might think that no one ever sleeps here".
- "1988 Interview". Outlook (India).