Nizamuddin Auliya

(Redirected from Qazi Qawam-Udeen Siddiqui) Indian Sufi saint (1237–1325)

For other uses, see Hazrat Nizamuddin (disambiguation).

Muhammad Nizamuddin Auliya
Mughal Painting of Nizamuddin Auliya
Title	Khawaja Syed
Personal life
Born	1238 AD/ 635 AH Badayun, Delhi Sultanate
Died	3 April 1325 AD/ 18 Rabi Al-Thani 725 AH (aged 86-87) Delhi, Delhi Sultanate
Resting place	Nizamuddin Dargah
Religious life
Religion	Islam
Denomination	Sunni
Jurisprudence	Hanafi
Tariqa	Chisti order
Creed	Maturidi
Muslim leader
Based in	Delhi
Period in office	Late 13th century and early 14th century
Predecessor	Fariduddin Ganjshakar
Students Amir Khusrow, Nasiruddin Chiragh Dehlavi, Jahaniyan Jahangasht, Akhi Siraj Aainae Hind, Burhanuddin Gharib, Syed Najmuddin Ghawsud Dahar Qalandar, Sheikh Musa, Maulana Kamaluddin Chishty Piran-e-Dhar, Syed Ahmad Baad-e-Paa

Khawaja Syed Muhammad Nizamuddin Auliya (sometimes spelled Awliya; 1238 – 3 April 1325), also known as Hazrat Nizamuddin (lit. 'Holy Nizamuddin'), Sultan-ul-Mashaikh (lit. 'Lord of the pious') and Mahbub-e-Ilahi (lit. 'Beloved of God'), was an Indian Sunni Muslim scholar, Sufi saint of the Chishti Order, and is one of the most famous Sufis from the Indian Subcontinent. His predecessors were Fariduddin Ganjshakar, Qutbuddin Bakhtiyar Kaki, and Moinuddin Chishti, who were the masters of the Chishti spiritual chain or silsila in the Indian subcontinent.

Nizamuddin Auliya, like his predecessors, stressed love as a means of realising God. For him his love of God implied a love of humanity. His vision of the world was marked by a highly evolved sense of religious pluralism and kindness. It is claimed by the 14th century historiographer Ziauddin Barani that his influence on the Muslims of Delhi was such that a paradigm shift was effected in their outlook towards worldly matters. People began to be inclined towards mysticism and prayers and remaining aloof from the world. It is also believed that Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq, the founder of Tughluq dynasty, interacted with Nizamuddin. Initially, they used to share good relationship but soon this got embittered and relation between Ghiyas-ud-din Tughluq and Nizamuddin Auliya never been reformed due to opinion disharmony and their antagonism resulted regular disputes between them during that era.

Life

Nizamuddin Auliya was born in a Sayyid family in Badayun, Uttar Pradesh. At the age of five, after the death of his father, Syed Abdullah bin Ahmad AlHussaini Badayuni, he came to Delhi with his mother, Bibi Zulekha. His biography finds mention in Ain-i-Akbari, a 16th-century document written by Mughal Emperor Akbar's vizier, Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak.

At the age of twenty, Nizāmuddīn went to Ajodhan (the present Pakpattan Sharif in Punjab, Pakistan ) and became a disciple of the Sufi saint Fariduddin Ganjshakar, commonly known as Baba Farid. Nizāmuddīn did not take up residence in Ajodhan but continued with his theological studies in Delhi while simultaneously starting the Sufi devotional practices and the prescribed litanies. He visited Ajodhan each year to spend the month of Ramadan in the presence of Baba Farid. It was on his third visit to Ajodhan that Baba Farid made him his successor. Shortly after that, when Nizāmuddīn returned to Delhi, he received news that Baba Farid had died.

Nizāmuddīn lived at various places in Delhi, before finally settling down in Ghiyaspur, a neighbourhood in Delhi undisturbed by the noise and hustle of city life. He built his Khanqah here, a place where people from all walks of life were fed, where he imparted spiritual education to others and he had his own quarters. Before long, the Khanqah became a place thronged with all kinds of people, rich and poor alike.

Many of his disciples achieved spiritual height, including Shaikh Nasiruddin Chirag Delhavi, and Amir Khusro, noted scholar/singer, and the royal poet of the Delhi Sultanate.

He died on the morning of 3 April 1325. His shrine, the Nizamuddin Dargah, is located in Delhi. and the present structure was built in 1562. The shrine is visited by people of all faiths, through the year, though it becomes a place for special congregation during the death anniversaries, or Urs, of Nizamuddin Auliya and Amīr Khusrao, who is also buried at the Nizāmuddīn Dargāh.

Key beliefs

Besides believing in the traditional Sufi ideas of embracing God within this life by destroying the ego and cleansing the soul, and that this is possible through considerable efforts involving Sufi practices, Nizamuddin also expanded and practised the unique features introduced by past saints of the Chisti Sufi order in India. These included:

Emphasis on renunciation and having complete trust in God.
The unity of mankind and shunning distinctions based on social and economic status.
Helping the needy, feeding the hungry and being sympathetic to the oppressed.
Strong disapproval of mixing with the Sultans, the princes and the nobles.
Exhortation in making close contact with the poor and the downtrodden
Adopting an uncompromising attitude towards all forms of political and social oppression.
Adopting the permissibility of Sema.
Holding the stance however that Sema is only permissible when musical instruments and dancing are not present.
Holding the orthodox Sunni belief that musical instruments are prohibited.

Nizamuddin did not much bother about the theoretical aspects of Sufism, believing rather that it were the practical aspects that counted, as it was anyway not possible to describe the diversified mystical experiences called spiritual states or stations which a practicing Sufi encountered. He discouraged the demonstration of Karamat and emphasised that it was obligatory for the Auliya to hide the ability of Keramat from the commoners. He also was quite generous in accepting disciples. Usually whoever came to him saying that he wanted to become a disciple was granted that favour. This resulted in him being always surrounded by people from all strata of society.

Ancestral history

Like many saints before him, Nizamuddin Aulia traced his lineage from the family of Muhammad.

Spiritual history

He was merely sixteen or seventeen years old when he first heard the name of Farīduddīn Ganjshakar, and feelings of love and respect arose in his heart right then. He narrates to his disciples that he never felt the same after hearing or even meeting any other Sufi. The love kept increasing like a burning fire. If his classmates would like to have some work out of him they used to invoke the name of Baba Farid, and he never refused anything asked in his name. He didn't feel the same for anyone else in his entire lifetime. He became his disciple after completing his studies at the age of 20. He visited him thrice in his lifetime.

Students

He had more than 600 khalifas (a khalifa is a disciple who is given the authority to take his own disciples and thus propagate the spiritual lineage) who continued his lineage all over the world. Some of his most famous disciples are:

Nasiruddin Chiragh Dehlavi: He was the spiritual successor of Nizamuddin Auliya. He is considered fifth amongst the big five of the Chisti order in India (the others being Moinuddin Chishti, Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki, Fariduddin Ganjshakar, Nizamuddin Auliya). His shrine is in Chirag Dilli, New Delhi, India.
Amir Khusrow: He was the most loved disciple of his master. He was so close to his master that once Nizāmuddīn Auliyā' said, "If the sharī'ah allowed me I would have liked him to be buried with me in the same grave." It is said that he also said once that whoever comes to visit his grave must visit the grave of Amīr Khusro first and then his. He died within a few months of his master's death. He was buried at the feet of his master. His shrine is in Nizāmuddīn Dargāh, New Delhi.
Qazi Qawam-Udeen Siddiqui: He was given the title Zubtadul Awliya and was a disciple of his master. He along with his father-in-law Qazi Sultan Zulqarni build Rohtak fort. His descendants are named Qawami Siddiquis and now number in thousands, all have migrated to Pakistan and can be found in Mirpur AK, Islamabad, Karachi, Lahore and Multan.
Akhi Siraj Aainae Hind: He was given the title of Āainae-Hind (Mirror of India) by Nizāmuddīn Auliyā' and lived with him for a long time. He was amongst the earliest disciples of Nizāmuddīn Auliyā', who sent him to Bengal. His shrine is at Pirana Pir Dargah, Malda City, Malda, West Bengal.
Burhanuddin Gharib: He is also amongst the earliest disciples of Nizamuddin Auliya and lived with the master until his death. After the death of Nizamuddin Auliya, he went to the Deccan, and the place where he lived became famous thereby. His shrine is in Khuldabad in Maharashtra.
Hasan Sijzi: Author the spiritual manual Fawaid ul Fuad, a famous compilation of the discourses of Nizamuddin Awliya

Descendants

Nizamuddin Auliya had one brother named Jamaluddin. He told him, "your descendants will be my descendants". Jamaluddin had one son named Ibrahim. He was nurtured by Nizamuddin Auliya after Jamaluddin's death. Nizamuddin Auliya sent his nephew to Bengal in Eastern India along with one of his disciples (khalifa) Akhi Siraj Aainae Hind, known as Aaina-e-Hind. Alaul Haq Pandavi (the master (Pir) of Ashraf Jahangir Semnani) became his disciple and khalifa. Ala-ul-Haq Pandwi married his sister-in-law (sister of Syed Badruddin Badr-e-Alam Zahidi) to Ibrahim. They had one son, Fariduddin Tavaela Bukhsh, who became a well known Chisti Sufi of Bihar. He was married to the daughter of Alaul Haq Pandavi. He became the khalifa of Noor Qutb-e-Aalam Padwi (the eldest son and spiritual successor of Alaul Haq Pandavi). His shrine is in Chandpura, Bihar Sharif, Bihar. Many of his descendants are well known Sufis, namely Moinuddin Sani, Naseeruddin Sani, Sultan Chisti Nizami, Bahauddin Chisti Nizami, Deewan Syed Shah Abdul Wahab (his shrine is in Choti Takiya, Biharsharif), Sultan Sani, Amjad Hussain Chisti Nizami, among others. He spread Chisti Nizami order all over Northern India. Ijaza of his Silsila (order) is present in all the existing khanqahs of Bihar. His descendants still reside in Bihar Sharif and can be found in many parts of the world. The current Sajjada Nasheen of Chillah of Usman Harooni is his direct descendant. Fariduddin Tavaela Bukhsh commemorated (originated) the Urs of Usman Harooni at his chillah in Belchi, Bihar Sharif (First Sajjada Nasheen).

Nizamuddin Aulia also had one sister named Bibi Ruqayya who is buried next to Bibi Zulekha, the mother of Khwaja Nizamuddin Aulia in Adhchini village in Delhi. Nizamuddin Auliya did not marry. He brought his Pir/Shaikh's grandson named Khwaja Muhammad Imam, who was the son of Bibi Fatima (daughter of Baba Farid and Badruddin is'haq) as mentioned in Seyrul Aulia book, Nizami bansari, The life and time of Khwaja Nizamuddin Aulia by Khaliq Ahmed Nizami. Still the descendants of Khwaja Muhammad Imam are the caretakers of dargah sharif.

The Chisti Nizami order

Main article: Chishti Order

Nizamuddin Auliya was the founder of the Chisti Nizami order. He had hundreds of disciples (khalifa) who had Ijaza (khilafat) from him to spread the order. Many of the Sufis of the Chisti Nizami order are recognised as great Sufis; the following is a list of notable Sufis of the Chisti Nizami order, which includes his descendants as well as his disciples and their subsequent disciples:

Nasiruddin Mahmud Chiragh Dehlavi, Amir Khusro, Khwaja Banda Nawaz Gesudaraz Muhammad al-Hussaini, Alaul Haq Pandavi and Nur Qutb Alam, Pandua, West Bengal; Ashraf Jahangir Semnani, Kichaucha, Uttar Pradesh; Hussam ad-Din Manikpuri (Pratapgarh, Uttar Pradesh) Faqruddin Faqr Dehlvi, Mehrauli, New Delhi; Shah Niyaz Ahmad Barelvi, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh; Shafruddin Ali Ahmed and Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed, Chirag Dilli, New Delhi; Zainuddin Shirazi, Burhanpur, Madhya Pradesh; Muhiuddin Yousuf Yahya Madani Chishti, Medina; Kaleemullah Dehlvi Chishti, Delhi; Nizamuddin Aurangabadi; Nizamuddin Hussain, and Meerza Agha Mohammad; Muhammad Sulman Taunswi, Pakistan, Mohammad Meera Hussaini, Hesamuddin Mankpuri, Mian Shah Mohammad Shah, Hoshiarpur, Punjab, India, Mian Ali Mohammad Khan, Pakpattan, Pakistan. Khuwaja Noman Nayyir Kulachvi (Khalifa e Majaz) Kulachi, Pakistan, Khalifa Omer Tarin Chishti-Nizami Ishq Nuri, Qalandarabad, Pakistan.

Branches

The Chisti order branched out with Nizamuddin Auliya to form the Chisti Nizami order. A parallel branch which started with Alauddin Sabir Kaliyari, another disciple of Baba Farid, was the Chisti Sabiri branch. People started adding Nizami gracefully after their name. He spiritually made many great Sufis amongst his students, descendants and the Sufis of the Nizami order.

The branches of the Chisti Nizami order are as follows:

Naseeria

His disciple Nasiruddin Muhammad Chirag-e-Dehli started the Nizamia Naseeria branch.

Hussainia

The Hussainia branch is named for Syed Muhammad Kamaluddin Hussaini Gisudaraz Bandanawaz. He was the most famous and loved disciple of Nasiruddin Muhammad Chirag-e-Dehli. The khanqah he established in Gulbarga, Karnataka, is still in existence.

Fakhri The "Fakhri" branch is named for Muhib Un Nabi Maulana Fakhr Ud Din Fakhr E Jahan Dehlvi, peer o murshid of Shah Niyaz Be Niyaz.

Niyazi

Shah Niyaz Ahmad Barelvi, in the 19th century started the Niyazi branch.

Serajia

The Nizamia Serajia branch was started by Serajuddin Aqi Seraj. This branch is also known as Chistia Serajia.

Ashrafia

The Chistia Ashrafia branch was started by Ashraf Jahangir Semnani. He established a khanqah, still in existence at Kichaucha sharif, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Faridia

The Chistia Serajia Faridia order was started by Fariduddin Tavaelabukhsh, a descendant of Nizamuddin Auliya and a Sufi of the Serajia branch of the Chisti order. This branch is also known as Nizamia Serajia Faridia.

Ishq-Nuri

The Ishq Nuri order, branch of the main Chishti- Nizami, was founded by Shaikh Khwaja Khalid Mahmood Chishti sahib, in Lahore, Pakistan, in the 1960s. It is the most contemporary expression of this traditional Sufi lineage. It is mostly found in India, Pakistan and Bangladesh, although now some followers are also to be found in the West.

Lutfia Silsila Chishtia-Nizamia-Lutfia was continued by Moulana Lutfullah Shah Dankouri. The disciples of this silsila are found in Pakistan, India, England, Canada and USA.

During the short reign of Qutbu'd-Din Mubarak Shah

During the last years of Alauddin Khalji's life, the intrigues of Malik Kafur deprived Khizr Khan of succeeding legitimately to the throne. Malik Kafur had Khizr Khan blinded and Qutbuddin Mubarak Shah (1316–20), another claimant to the throne, narrowly escaped death. When Mubarak Shah ascended the throne he had Khizr Khan and the latter's brothers executed. Shaikh Nizamu'd-Din took no interest in political upheavals but could not escape the brunt of Sultan Mubarak Shah's fury for having made Khizr Khan his disciple. Speaking disparagingly of the Shaikh he began to hatch schemes against him. He prohibited his nobles from visiting Ghiyaspur. Mubarak Shah also constructed a mosque, the Masjid-i Miri, Where all the Sufis and 'ulama' were ordered to perform their prayers. The Shaikh refused to comply with the Sultan's orders, remonstrating that the mosque in his neighborhood had a greater claim on him.

On the first day of each month, the entire religious community of Delhi, gathered at the palace to offer congratulations prayer to the Sultan. The Shaikh further angered the Sultan by sending a servant as his delegate. The Sultan threatened the Shaikh with serious consequences if he personally failed to pay homage. Refusing to heed the threat, the Shaikh quietly prayed at his mother's tomb and returned to his jama'at-khana. As the last day of the month approached, the capital was filled with anxiety, while the Shaikh himself remained calm. But the first day of the next month did not come for the Sultan. He was assassinated on the first night of Jumada II, 720/8 July 1320 by his favorite and protege, Khusraw Khan Barwar, who was later overthrown by Ghazi Malik who later came to be known as Ghiyasuddin Tughluq.

Urs

The Urs-e-Nizamuddin Aulia is celebrated at the Nizamuddin Dargah on the 17th-18th of Rabi II (Rabi-ul-Aaqir), and that of Amir Khusro on the 18th of Shawwal.

In popular culture

Aulea-E-Islam, a 1979 Indian Muslim social film by A. Shamsheer pays tribute to various Islamic saints including Nizamuddin Auliya, featuring a song "Nizamuddin Aulia" sung by Jani Babu Qawwal and written by Viqar Nagri.

Arziyan, a qawwali in the film Delhi 6 (2009) composed by A. R. Rahman, is dedicated to Nizamuddin Auliya. Kun Faya Kun a song in the film Rockstar (2011) is also dedicated to him, and was shot at the dargah. A famous Bangla song 'Nizamuddin Aulia" is dedicated to him on his historic return to Delhi.

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References

Dehlawi, Amir Hasan. Fawa'id al-Fu'ad. Instisharat-i Ruzne. p. 135.
Bhakti poetry in medieval India By Neeti M. Sadarangani. Pg 60
Jaffer, Mehru (15 October 2012). The Book of Nizamuddin Aulia. Penguin UK. ISBN 978-81-8475-742-2.
Nizami, Khaliq Ahmad (2004). Sheikh Nizamuddin Auliya. National Book Trust. ISBN 978-81-237-4148-2.
Bhakti poetry in medieval India By Neeti M. Sadarangani. Pg 63
Schimmel, Annemarie (1975). Mystical Dimensions of Islam. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. p. 348. ISBN 0-8078-1271-4.
Amir Hasan Sijzi, Fawaid-ul-Fuad (Delhi, 1865), pp. 150, 195-97
^ Sudarshana Srinivasan (22 August 2015). "An afternoon with the saints". The Hindu. Retrieved 3 December 2021.
Jestice, Phyllis G. (2004). Holy People of the World: A Cross-cultural Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. p. 643. ISBN 978-1-57607-355-1.
^ Nizamuddin Auliya Archived 27 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine Ain-i-Akbari, by Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak. English tr. by Heinrich Blochmann and Colonel Henry Sullivan Jarrett, 1873–1907. The Asiatic Society of Bengal, Calcutta, Volume III, Saints of India. (Awliyá-i-Hind), page 365."
In The Name Of Faith Times of India, 19 April 2007.
Division, Publications. Great Men and Women of India. Publications Division Ministry of Information & Broadcasting. ISBN 978-81-230-2173-7.
Chitkara, M. G. (1997). Hindutva. APH Publishing. p. 133. ISBN 978-81-7024-798-2.
^ "Amir Khosrow - Indian poet". Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on 5 August 2015. Retrieved 30 December 2023.
Cited as a tradition by Omer Tarin in Some Chishti Sufis of the 13-14th c, Historical Studies journal No 12, 2011, p 125
Omer Tarin aa
Lawrence, Bruce B. (1992). Morals for the heart: conversations of Shaykh Nizam ad-din Awliya recorded by Amir Hasan Sijzi. New York: Paulist Press. ISBN 080913280X.
Omer Tarin, "Hazrat Nizamuddin Auliya Mahbub e Ilahi and the establishment of the Chishti Nizami Sufi Order" in Khilwat magazine of Sufism, pub Ahmadabad, India, 2016. No 109, p:31-36.
Syed Qayamuddin Nezami, (2004), "Sharfa ki Nagri(Vol. 1)", biography of Sufis of Bihar, "Nezami Academy", Karachi, Pakistan. p. 126
'Hayate Makhdoom Syed Ashraf Jahangir Semnani(1975), Second Edition(2017) ISBN 978-93-85295-54-6, Maktaba Jamia Ltd, Shamshad Market, Aligarh 202002, India.
A history of Sufism: Saiyid Athar Abbas Rizvi
"Aulia-e-Islam". Gaana.

External links

Muslim scholars of the Hanafi school

by century (AH
CE)

2nd/8th

Abu Hanifa (founder of the school; 699–767)
Abu Yusuf (738–798)
Ibn al-Mubarak (726–797)
Muhammad al-Shaybani (749–805)
Yahya ibn Ma'in (774–807)
Waki' ibn al-Jarrah (d. 812)

3rd/9th

4th/10th

Al-Tahawi (843–933)
Abu Mansur al-Maturidi (853–944)
Al-Hakim al-Samarqandi (b. 874)
Al-Jassas (917–981)
Abu al-Layth al-Samarqandi (944–983)

5th/11th

Abu al-Husayn al-Basri (d. 1044)
Karima al-Marwaziyya (969–1069)
Ali Hujwiri (1009–1072)
Al-Bazdawi (1010–1089)
Al-Sarakhsi (d. 1090)
Abu al-Yusr al-Bazdawi (1030–1100)
Abu al-Mu'in al-Nasafi (d. 1115)
Abu al-Thana' al-Lamishi

6th/12th

Abu Ishaq al-Saffar al-Bukhari (d. 1139)
Ibn al-Malāḥimī (d. 1141)
Yusuf Hamadani (1062–1141)
Abu Hafs Umar al-Nasafi (1067–1142)
Al-Zamakhshari (1074–1143)
Siraj al-Din al-Ushi (d. 1180)
Nur al-Din al-Sabuni (d. 1184)
Fatima al-Samarqandi (d. 1185)
Al-Kasani (d. 1191)
Jamal al-Din al-Ghaznawi (d. 1197)
Burhan al-Din al-Marghinani (1135–1197)

7th/13th

Rumi (1207–1273)
Jalaluddin Tabrizi (d. 1228)
Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki (1173–1235)
Mu'in al-Din Chishti (1143–1236)
Baba Farid (1173–1266)
Abu Tawwama (d. 1300)
Abu al-Barakat al-Nasafi (d. 1310)

8th/14th

Nizamuddin Auliya (1238–1325)
Uthman bin Ali Zayla'i (d. 1342)
Shah Jalal Mujarrad (1271–1346)
Uthman Siraj ad-Din (1258–1357)
Ala al-Haq (1301–1384)
Jahaniyan Jahangasht (1308–1384)
Akmal al-Din al-Babarti (d. 1384)
Al-Taftazani (1322–1390)
Ibn Abi al-Izz (1331–1390)
Shams al-Din al-Samarqandi (1350–1410)
Al-Sharif al-Jurjani (1339–1414)

9th/15th

Nur Qutb Alam (d. 1416)
Bande Nawaz (1321–1422)
Shams al-Din al-Fanari (1350–1431)
'Ala' al-Din al-Bukhari (1377–1438)
Husam ad-Din Manikpuri (d. 1449)
Badr al-Din al-Ayni (1361–1451)
Al-Kamal ibn al-Humam (1388–1457)
Ali Qushji (1403–1474)
Khidr Bey (b. 1407)

10th/16th

Zenbilli Ali Cemali Efendi (1445–1526)
Ibn Kemal (1468–1536)
Abdul Quddus Gangohi (1456–1537)
Ibrāhīm al-Ḥalabī (1460–1549)
Fahreddin-i Acemi (d. 1460)
Muhammad Ghawth (1500–1562)
Nagore Shahul Hamid (1504–1570)
Mosleh al-Din Lari (1510–1572)
Muhammad Birgivi (1522–1573)
Ebussuud Efendi (1490–1574)
Hamza Makhdoom (1494–1576)
Wajihuddin Alvi (1490–1580)
Taşköprülüzade Ahmet (1495–1561)
Yaqub Sarfi Kashmiri (1521–1595)
Sadeddin Efendi (1536–1599)
Mustafa Selaniki (d. 1600)
Ali al-Qari (d. 1606)

11th/17th

Ahmad Sirhindi (1564–1624)
Esad Efendi (1570–1625)
Kadızade Mehmed (1582–1635)
'Abd al-Haqq al-Dehlawi (1551–1642)
Mehmed Efendi (1595–1654)
Kâtip Çelebi (1609–1657)
Jana Begum
Shihab al-Din al-Khafaji (1569–1659)
Khayr al-Din al-Ramli (1585–1671)
Syed Rafi Mohammad (d. 1679)
Mir Zahid Harawi (d. 1689)
Syed Inayatullah (d. 1713)

12th/18th

Shah Abdur Rahim (1644–1719)
Zinat-un-Nissa Begum (1643–1721)
Syed Hayatullah (d. 1722)
Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulsi (1641–1731)
Syed Mohammad Zaman (d. 1756)
Hashim Thattvi (1692–1761)
Shah Waliullah Dehlawi (1703–1762)
Shah Nuri Bengali (d. 1785)
Mirza Mazhar Jan-e-Janaan (1699–1781)
Murtada al-Zabidi (1732–1790)
Sanaullah Panipati (1730–1810)
Syed Mohammad Rafi (d. 1803)
Majduddin (d. 1813)

13th/19th

Çerkes Halil Efendi (d. 1821)
Ghulam Ali Dehlavi (1743–1824)
Shah Abdul Aziz (1746–1824)
Fatima al-Fudayliya (d. 1831)
Syed Ahmad Barelvi (1786–1831)
Syed Mir Nisar Ali (1782–1831)
Ibn Abidin (1784–1836)
Haji Shariatullah (1781–1840)
Shah Muhammad Ishaq (1783–1846)
Mamluk Ali Nanautawi (1789–1851)
Mahmud al-Alusi (1802–1854)
Fazl-e-Haq Khairabadi (1796–1861)
Dudu Miyan (1819–1862)
Karamat Ali Jaunpuri (1800–1873)
Al-Maydani (1807–1861)
Haji Dost Muhammad Qandhari (1801–1868)
Mehr Ali Qadiri (1808–1868)
Yusuf Ma Dexin (1794–1874)
Naqi Ali Khan (1830–1880)
Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi (1832–1880)
Ahmad Ali Saharanpuri (1810–1880)
Yaqub Nanautawi (1833–1884)
Mazhar Nanautawi (1821–1885)
Ubaidullah Suhrawardy (1832–1885)
Abd al-Hayy al-Lucknawi (1848–1886)
Siddiq Bharchundi (1819–1890)
Rafiuddin Deobandi (1836–1890)
Rahmatullah Kairanawi (1818–1891)
Mustafa Ruhi Efendi (1800–1891)
Mahmoodullah Hussaini (d. 1894)
Syed Ahmad Dehlavi (died 1894)
Imdadullah Muhajir Makki (1817–1899)
Hafiz Ahmad Jaunpuri (1834–1899)
Rashid Ahmad Gangohi (1826–1905)
Abdul Wahid Bengali (1850–1905)
Syed Ahmadullah Maizbhandari (1826–1906)
Fazlur Rahman Usmani (1831–1907)
Abd Allah ibn Abbas ibn Siddiq (1854–1907)
Muhammad Naimuddin (1832–1907)
Hassan Raza Khan (1859–1908)
Sayyid Muhammad Abid (1834–1912)
Ahmad Hasan Amrohi (1850–1912)
Kareemullah Shah (1838–1913)
Shibli Nomani (1857–1914)
Najib Ali Choudhury (fl. 1870s)

14th/20th

Barelvi

Asrarullah Hussaini (1856–1920)
Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi (1856–1921)
Muhammad Amjad (d. 1927)
Ghulam Muhammad Dinpuri (1835–1936)
Qasim Sadiq (1845–1942)
Hamid Raza Khan (1875–1943)
Amjad Ali Aazmi (1882–1948)
Naeem-ud-Deen Muradabadi (1887–1948)
Abdullah Barelvi (1841–1949)
Jamaat Ali Shah (1834–1951)
Murtaza Hasan Chandpuri (1868–1951)
Kifayatullah Dehlawi (1875–1952)
Shihabuddeen Ahmed Koya Shaliyathi (1885–1954)
Abdul Aleem Siddiqi (1892–1954)
Amin ul-Hasanat (1922–1960)
Sardar Ahmad Chishti (1903–1962)
Ibrahim Raza Khan (1907–1965)
Abdul Hamid Qadri Badayuni (1898–1970)
Mohammad Abdul Ghafoor Hazarvi (1909–1970)
Fazlur Rahman Ansari (1914–1974)
Ghulam Mohiuddin Ghaznavi (1902–1975)
Mustafa Raza Khan (1892–1981)
Ziauddin Madni (1877–1981)
Khwaja Qamar ul Din Sialvi (1906–1981)
Muslehuddin Siddiqui (1918–1983)
Faiz-ul Hassan Shah (1911–1984)
Shafee Okarvi (1930–1984)
Ahmad Saeed Kazmi (1913–1986)
Shujaat Ali Qadri (1941–1993)
Waqaruddin Qadri (1915–1993)
Abdul Wahab Siddiqi (1942–1994)
Karam Shah Azhari (1918–1998)
Sadruddin Islahi (1917–1998)
Ghulam Ali Okarvi (1919–2000)
Rashid Ahmed Jaunpuri (1889–2001)
Arshadul Qadri (1925–2002)
Ibrahim Siddiqui (1930–2002)
Shah Ahmad Noorani (1926–2003)
Sarfraz Ahmed Naeemi (1948–2009)

Deobandi

Imamuddin Punjabi (died 1916)
Abdul Hamid Madarshahi (1869–1920)
Mahmud Hasan Deobandi (1851–1920)
Sufi Azizur Rahman (1862–1922)
Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri (1852–1927)
Muhammad Ali Mungeri (1846–1927)
Azizur Rahman Usmani (1859–1928)
Muhammad Ahmad Nanautawi (1862–1930)
Ibrahim Ali Tashna (1872–1931)
Anwar Shah Kashmiri (1875–1933)
Sayyid Mumtaz Ali (1860–1935)
Majid Ali Jaunpuri (d. 1935)
Abul Muhasin Sajjad (1880–1940)
Shukrullah Mubarakpuri (1895–1942)
Ashraf Ali Thanwi (1863–1943)
Ibrahim Ujani (1863–1943)
Habibullah Qurayshi (1865–1943)
Ubaidullah Sindhi (1872–1944)
Ilyas Kandhlawi (1885–1944)
Asghar Hussain Deobandi (1877–1945)
Sahool Bhagalpuri (d. 1948)
Sulaiman Nadvi (1884–1953)
Shabbir Ahmad Usmani (1887–1949)
Izaz Ali Amrohi (1882–1955)
Manazir Ahsan Gilani (1892–1956)
Hussain Ahmed Madani (1879–1957)
Ahmad Saeed Dehlavi (1888–1959)
Badre Alam Merathi (1898–1965)
Azizul Haq (1903–1961)
Maqsudullah (1883–1961)
Abdul Qadir Raipuri (1878–1962)
Ahmed Ali Lahori (1887–1962)
Hifzur Rahman Seoharwi (1900–1962)
Yusuf Kandhlawi (1917–1965)
Shah Ahmad Hasan (1882–1967)
Shamsul Haque Faridpuri (1896–1969)
Khair Muhammad Jalandhari (1895–1970)
Muhammad Ali Jalandhari (1895–1971)
Mushahid Ahmad Bayampuri (1907–1971)
Abdur Rahman Kashgari (1912–1971)
Syed Fakhruddin Ahmad (1889–1972)
Deen Muhammad Khan (1900–1974)
Zafar Ahmad Usmani (1892–1974)
Muhammad Miyan Deobandi (1903–1975)
Ibrahim Balyawi (1887–1976)
Muhammad Faizullah (1892–1976)
Abdul Wahhab Pirji (1895–1976)
Athar Ali Bengali (1891–1976)
Shafi Usmani (1897–1976)
Yusuf Banuri (1908–1977)
Syed Muhammad Ishaq (1915–1977)
Ahmed Ali Badarpuri (1915–2000)
Mehboob Rizwi (1911–1979)
Sahvi Shah (1923–1979)
Mufti Mehmood (1919–1980)
Shah Abd al-Wahhab (1894–1982)
Zakariyya Kandhlawi (1898–1982)
Tayyib Qasmi (1897–1983)
Shamsul Haq Afghani (1901–1983)
Ibrahim Chatuli (1894–1984)
Atiqur Rahman Usmani (1901–1984)
Saeed Ahmad Akbarabadi (1908–1985)
Azhar Shah Qaiser (1920–1985)
Harun Babunagari (1902–1986)
Abdur Rashid Tarkabagish (1900–1986)
Hafizur Rahman Wasif Dehlavi (1910–1987)
Muhammadullah Hafezzi (1895–1987)
Abdul Aziz Malazada (1917–1987)
Shamsul Huda Panchbagi (1897–1988)
Abdul Haq Akorwi (1912–1988)
Abdul Jalil Badarpuri (1925–1989)
Abdul Matin Fulbari (1915–1990)
Minnatullah Rahmani (1913–1991)
Taqi Amini (1926–1991)
Habib al-Rahman al-A'zami (1900–1992)
Muhammad Yunus (1906–1992)
Masihullah Khan (1912–1992)
Abul Hasan Jashori (1918–1993)
Shams Naved Usmani (1931–1993)
Inamul Hasan Kandhlawi (1918–1995)
Mahmood Hasan Gangohi (1907–1996)
Athar Mubarakpuri (1916–1996)
Shamsuddin Qasemi (1935–1996)
Manzoor Nomani (1905–1997)
Sultan Ahmad Nanupuri (1914–1997)
Muhammad Abdullah Ghazi (1935–1998)
Abul Hasan Ali Hasani Nadwi (1913–1999)
Ismail Katki (1914–2005)
Sharif Hasan Deobandi (1920–1977)
Nur Uddin Gohorpuri (1924–2005)
Ashraf Ali Bishwanathi (1928–2005)
Kafilur Rahman Nishat Usmani (1942–2006)
Syed Fazlul Karim (1935–2006)
Abdullah Abbas Nadwi (1925–2006)
Sirajussajidin Katki (1939–2006)
Abrarul Haq Haqqi (1920–2006)
Ubaidul Haq (1928–2007)
Anzar Shah Kashmiri (1927–2008)
Obaidul Haque Wazirpuri (1934–2008)

Mehmet Cemaleddin Efendi (1848–1917)
Abdul Awwal Jaunpuri (1867–1921)
Azimuddin Hanafi (1838–1922)
Medeni Mehmet Nuri Efendi (1859–1927)
Hamiduddin Farahi (1863–1930)
Machiliwale Shah (d. 1932)
Abdur Rab Jaunpuri (1875–1935)
Meher Ali Shah (1859–1937)
Ghulamur Rahman Maizbhandari (1865–1937)
Muhammad Ishaq (1883–1938)
Mohammad Abu Bakr Siddique (1845–1939)
Abd Allah Siraj (1876–1949)
Khwaja Yunus Ali (1886–1951)
Nesaruddin Ahmad (1873–1952)
Al-Kawthari (1879–1952)
Mustafa Sabri (1869–1954)
Ghousi Shah (1893–1954)
Ahmed Ali Enayetpuri (1898–1959)
Abdul Batin Jaunpuri (1900–1973)
Momtazuddin Ahmad (1889–1974)
Muhammad Abu Zahra (1898–1974)
Amimul Ehsan Barkati (1911–1974)
Ghulam Mohiyuddin Gilani (1891–1974)
Abul Wafa Al Afghani (1893–1975)
Abdul Majid Daryabadi (1892–1977)
Abul A'la Maududi (1903–1979)
Abdur Rahim Firozpuri (1918–1987)
Muntakhib al-Haqq (fl. 1980s)
Abu Zafar Mohammad Saleh (1915–1990)
Ahmed Muhyuddin Nuri Shah Jilani (1915–1990)
Sayed Moazzem Hossain (1901–1991)
Hamid al-Ansari Ghazi (1909–1992)
Ayub Ali (1919–1995)
Mukhtar Ashraf (1916–1996)
Abdul Haque Faridi (1903–1996)
Shamsul-hasan Shams Barelvi (1917–1997)
Abd al-Fattah Abu Ghudda (1917–1997)
Amin Ahsan Islahi (1904–1997)
Ghulam Moinuddin Gilani (1920–1997)
Naeem Siddiqui (1916–2002)
Abdul Latif Fultali (1913–2008)
Muhammad Abdullah (1932–2008)
Naseeruddin Naseer Gilani (1949–2009)

15th/21st

Israr Ahmed (1932–2010)

Marghubur Rahman (1914–2010)

Abu Saeed Muhammad Omar Ali (1945–2010)

Naseer Ahmad Khan Bulandshahri (1918–2010)

Zafeeruddin Miftahi (1926–2011)

Azizul Haque (1919–2012)

Abdus Sattar Akon (1929–2012)

Shah Saeed Ahmed Raipuri (1926–2012)

Fazlul Haque Amini (1945–2012)

Wahbi Sulayman Ghawji (1923–2013)

Muhammad Fazal Karim (1954–2013)

Qazi Mu'tasim Billah (1933–2013)

Zubairul Hasan Kandhlawi (1950–2014)

Nurul Islam Farooqi (1959–2014)

Ahmad Naruyi (1963–2014)

Asad Muhammad Saeed as-Sagharji (d. 2015)

Abdur Rahman Chatgami (1920–2015)

Abdul Majeed Ludhianvi (1935–2015)

Abdullah Quraishi Al-Azhari (1935–2015)

Sibtain Raza Khan (1927–2015)

Muhiuddin Khan (1935–2016)

Abdul Jabbar Jahanabadi (1937–2016)

Shah Turab-ul-Haq (1944–2016)

Saleemullah Khan (1921–2017)

Yunus Jaunpuri (1937–2017)

Alauddin Siddiqui (1938–2017)

Muhammad Abdul Wahhab (1923–2018)

Salim Qasmi (1926–2018)

Akhtar Raza Khan (1943–2018)

Iftikhar-ul-Hasan Kandhlawi (1922–2019)

Yusuf Motala (1946–2019)

Ghulam Nabi Kashmiri (1965–2019)

Khalid Mahmud (1925–2020)

Tafazzul Haque Habiganji (1938–2020)

Muhammad Abdus Sobhan (1936–2020)

Abdul Momin Imambari (1930–2020)

Saeed Ahmad Palanpuri (1940–2020)

Salman Mazahiri (1946–2020)

Shah Ahmad Shafi (1945–2020)

Adil Khan (1957–2020)

Khadim Hussain Rizvi (1966–2020)

Nur Hossain Kasemi (1945–2020)

Azizur Rahman Hazarvi (1948–2020)

Nizamuddin Asir Adrawi (1926–2021)

Muhammad Ali al-Sabuni (1930–2021)

Muhammad Wakkas (1952–2021)

Noor Alam Khalil Amini (1952–2021)

Usman Mansoorpuri (1944–2021)

Junaid Babunagari (1953–2021)

Wali Rahmani (1943–2021)

Ebrahim Desai (1963–2021)

Abdus Salam Chatgami (1943–2021)

Abdur Razzaq Iskander (1935–2021)

Nurul Islam Jihadi (1916–2021)

Faizul Waheed (1964–2021)

Wahiduddin Khan (1925–2021)

AbdulWahid Rigi (d. 2022)

Abdul Halim Bukhari (1945–2022)

Rafi Usmani (1936–2022)

Delwar Hossain Sayeedi (1940–2023)

Shahidul Islam (1960–2023)

Living

Scholars of other Sunni Islamic schools of jurisprudence

Maturidi school of Sunni theology

Maturidi scholars

3rd AH/9th AD	Abu Mansur al-Maturidi (d. 333 AH) Al-Hakim al-Samarqandi (d. 342 AH) Abu Bakr al-Kalabadhi (d. 379 AH) Abu al-Layth al-Samarqandi (d. 396 AH)
4th AH/10th AD	Abu Zayd al-Dabusi (d. 429 AH) Ali Hujwiri (d. 464 AH) Yūsuf Balasaguni (d. 469 AH) Fakhr al-Islam al-Bazdawi (d. 482 AH) Al-Sarakhsi (d. 483 AH) Abu al-Yusr al-Bazdawi (d. 493 AH)
5th AH/11th AD	Abu al-Mu'in al-Nasafi (d. 508 AH) Abu Ishaq al-Saffar al-Bukhari (d. 534 AH) Yusuf Hamadani (d. 535 AH) Sheikh Ahmad-e Jami (d. 536 AH) Abu Hafs Umar al-Nasafi (d. 537 AH) Ahmad Yasawi (d. 561 AH) Nur al-Din Zengi (d. 569 AH) Siraj al-Din al-Ushi (d. 575 AH) Nur al-Din al-Sabuni (d. 580 AH) Fatima al-Samarqandi (d. 581 AH) Al-Kasani (d. 587 AH) Jamal al-Din al-Ghaznawi (d. 593 AH)
6th AH/12th AD	Abu al-Thana' al-Lamishi (d. beginning of the 6th century AH) Al-Mu'azzam 'Isa (d. 624 AH) Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki (d. 632 AH) Mu'in al-Din Chishti (d. 633 AH) Saif ed-Din al-Boharsi (d. 659 AH) Baba Farid (d. 664 AH) Rumi (d. 671 AH) Shams al-Din al-Samarqandi (d. after 690 AH)
7th AH/13th AD	Abu al-Barakat al-Nasafi (d. 710 AH) Sultan Walad (d. 711 AH) Nizamuddin Auliya (d. 725 AH) Sadr al-Shari'a al-Asghar (d. 747 AH) Akmal al-Din al-Babarti (d. 786 AH) Baha' al-Din Naqshband (d. 791 AH) Kadi Burhan al-Din (d. 800 AH)
8th AH/14th AD	Bande Nawaz (d. 825 AH) Shams al-Din al-Fanari (d. 834 AH) 'Ala' al-Din al-Bukhari (d. 841 AH) Yaqub al-Charkhi (d. 851 AH) Ahmad ibn Arabshah (d. 861 AH) Badr al-Din al-'Ayni (d. 855 AH) Al-Kamal ibn al-Humam (d. 861 AH) Khidr Bey (d. 863 AH) Ali al-Bistami (d. 874 AH) 'Ali al-Qushji (d. 879 AH) Mehmed II (d. 886 AH) Khwaja Ahrar (d. 895 AH)
9th AH/15th AD	Ali-Shir Nava'i (d. 906 AH) Husayn Kashifi (d. 910 AH) Ibn Kemal (d. 940 AH) Abdul Quddus Gangohi (d. 943 AH) Ibrāhīm al-Ḥalabī (d. 955 AH) Taşköprüzade (d. 968 AH) Muhammad Birgivi (d. 980 AH) Ebussuud Efendi (d. 982 AH)
10th AH/16th AD	Khwaja Baqi Billah (d. 1011 AH) 'Ali al-Qari (d. 1014 AH) Hasan Kafi al-Aqhisari (d. 1025 AH) Ahmad Sirhindi (d. 1034 AH) Mahmud Hudayi (d. 1037 AH) 'Abd al-Haqq al-Dehlawi (d. 1052 AH) Mulla Mahmud Jaunpuri (d. 1061 AH) 'Abd al-Hakim al-Siyalkoti (d. 1067 AH) Wang Daiyu (d. around 1068 AH) Kâtip Çelebi (d. 1068 AH) Shihab al-Din al-Khafaji (d. 1069 AH) Khayr al-Din al-Ramli (d. 1081 AH)
11th AH/17th AD	Aurangzeb (d. 1118 AH) Ma Zhu (d. around 1123 AH) Ismail Haqqi Bursevi (d. 1127 AH) Shah Abdur Rahim (d. 1131 AH) Liu Zhi of Nanjing (d. 1158 AH, or 1178 AH) Nizamuddin Sihalivi (d. 1161 AH) Makhdoom Muhammad Hashim Thattvi (d. 1174 AH) Shah Waliullah Dehlawi (d. 1176 AH) 'Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulsi (d. 1176 AH) İbrahim Hakkı Erzurumi (d. 1193 AH) Mirza Mazhar Jan-e-Janaan (d. 1195 AH)
12th AH/18th AD	Gelenbevi Ismail Efendi (d. 1204 AH) Murtada al-Zabidi (d. 1205 AH) Sanaullah Panipati (d. 1225 AH) Ghabdennasir Qursawi (d. 1226 AH) Ghulam Ali Dehlavi (d. 1239 AH) Shah Abdul Aziz (d. 1239 AH) Shah Ismail Dehlvi (d. 1246 AH) Syed Ahmad Barelvi (d. 1246 AH) Ibn 'Abidin (d. 1252 AH) Muhammad 'Abid al-Sindi (d. 1257 AH) Mamluk Ali Nanautawi (d. 1267 AH) Fazl-e-Haq Khairabadi (d. 1278 AH) Yusuf Ma Dexin (d. 1291 AH) Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi (d. 1297 AH) Naqi Ali Khan (d. 1297 AH) 'Abd al-Ghani al-Maydani (d. 1298 AH)
13th AH/19th AD	'Abd al-Hayy al-Lucknawi (d. 1304 AH) Shihab al-Din al-Marjani (d. 1306 AH) Rahmatullah al-Kairanawi (d. 1308 AH) Giritli Sırrı Pasha (d. 1312 AH) Ahmed Cevdet Pasha (d. 1312 AH) Imdadullah Muhajir Makki (d. 1317 AH) Abai Qunanbaiuly (d. 1321 AH) Rashid Ahmad Gangohi (d. 1323 AH) Ahmad Hasan Amrohi (d. 1330 AH) Muhammad Anwaarullah Farooqui (d. 1335 AH) Mahmud Hasan Deobandi (d. 1338 AH) Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi (d. 1340 AH) Shakarim Qudayberdiuli (d. 1344 AH) Muhammad Ali Mungeri (d. 1346 AH) Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri (d. 1346 AH) Anwar Shah Kashmiri (d. 1352 AH) Muhammad Bakhit al-Muti'i (d. 1354 AH) Fatma Aliye Topuz (d. 1354 AH) Meher Ali Shah (d. 1356 AH) Muhammed Hamdi Yazır (d. 1361 AH) Ashraf Ali Thanwi (d. 1361 AH) Ubaidullah Sindhi (d. 1364 AH) Shabbir Ahmad Usmani (d. 1368 AH) Musa Bigiev (d. 1368 AH) Al-Kawthari (d. 1371 AH) Kifayatullah Dehlawi (d. 1371 AH) Mustafa Sabri (d. 1373 AH) Husayn Ahmad al-Madani (d. 1377 AH) Süleyman Hilmi Tunahan (d. 1378 AH) Ömer Nasuhi Bilmen (d. 1391 AH) Muhammad Abu Zahra (d. 1394 AH) Muhammad Shafi' Deobandi (d. 1395 AH) Abul Wafa Al Afghani (d. 1395 AH) Abdul Majid Daryabadi (d. 1397 AH)
14th AH/20th AD	Muhammad Zakariyya al-Kandhlawi (d. 1402 AH) Muhammad Tayyib Qasmi (d. 1403 AH) Abdul Haq Akorwi (d. 1409 AH) Habib al-Rahman al-'Azmi (d. 1412 AH) Muhammad Ayyub Ali (d. 1415 AH) Anzar Shah Kashmiri (d. 1428 AH) Wahbah al-Zuhayli (d. 1436 AH) Muhammad Salim Qasmi (d. 1439 AH) Saeed Ahmad Palanpuri (d. 1441 AH) Muhammad Ali al-Sabuni (d. 1442 AH) Nur Hossain Kasemi (d. 1442 AH) Usmankhan Alimov (d. 1443 AH) Muhammad Rafi' Usmani Muhammad Tahir-ul-Qadri Muhammad Taqi Usmani Husein Kavazović Salah Mezhiev

Theology books

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