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RDNA 2

Launched	November 18, 2020; 4 years ago (2020-11-18)
Designed by	AMD
Manufactured by	TSMC
Fabrication process	TSMC N6 TSMC N7
Codename(s)	Navi 2x "Big Navi"
Product Series
Desktop	Radeon RX 6000 series
Professional/workstation	Radeon Pro W6000 series
Specifications
L0 cache	32 KB (per WGP): 16 KB vector data 16 KB scalar data
L1 cache	128 KB (per array)
L2 cache	1 MB to 4 MB
L3 cache	16 MB to 128 MB
Memory support	GDDR6
Memory clock rate	14–18 Gbps
PCIe support	PCIe 4.0
Supported Graphics APIs
Direct3D	Direct3D 12.0 Ultimate (feature level 12_2)
Shader Model	Shader Model 6.7
OpenCL	OpenCL 2.1
OpenGL	OpenGL 4.6
Vulkan	Vulkan 1.3
Media Engine
Encode codecs	H.264 H.265
Decode codecs	H.264 H.265 AV1
Color bit-depth	8-bit 10-bit
Encoder(s) supported	AMF VCE
Display outputs	DisplayPort 1.4a HDMI 2.1 USB-C
History
Predecessor	RDNA
Variant	CDNA 2 (datacenter)
Successor	RDNA 3

RDNA 2 is a GPU microarchitecture designed by AMD, released with the Radeon RX 6000 series on November 18, 2020. Alongside powering the RX 6000 series, RDNA 2 is also featured in the SoCs designed by AMD for the PlayStation 5, Xbox Series X/S, and Steam Deck consoles.

Background

On July 7, 2019, AMD released the first iteration of the RDNA microarchitecture, a new graphics architecture designed specifically for gaming that replaced the aging Graphics Core Next (GCN) microarchitecture. With RDNA, AMD sought to reduce latency and improve power efficiency over their previous Vega series based on GCN 5th gen and Nvidia's competing Turing microarchitecture.

RDNA 2 was first publicly announced in January 2020 with AMD initially calling RDNA 2 a "refresh" of the original RDNA architecture from the previous year. At AMD's Financial Analysts Day held on March 5, 2020, AMD showed a client GPU roadmap that gave details on RDNA's successor, RDNA 2, that it would again be built using TSMC's 7 nm process and would be coming in 2020. AMD told their investors that they were targeting a 50% uplift in performance-per-watt and increased IPC with the RDNA 2 microarchitecture.

On October 28, 2020, AMD held an online unveiling event for the RDNA 2 architecture and Radeon RX 6000 series. The event came 20 days after AMD's unveiling event for Ryzen 5000 series processors built on the Zen 3 microarchitecture.

Architectural details

Compute Unit

RDNA 2 contains a significant increase in the number of Compute Units (CUs) with a maximum of 80, a doubling from the maximum of 40 in the Radeon RX 5700 XT. Each Compute Unit contains 64 shader cores. CUs are organized into groups of two named Work Group Processors with 32 KB of shared L0 cache per WGP. Each CU contains two sets of an SIMD32 vector unit, an SISD scalar unit, textures units, and a stack of various caches. New low precision data types like INT4 and INT8 are new supported data types for RDNA 2 CUs.

The RDNA 2 graphics pipeline has been reconfigured and reordered for greater performance-per-watt and more efficient rendering by moving the caches closer to the shader engines. A new mesh shaders model allows shader rendering to be done in parallel using smaller batches of primitives called "meshlets". As a result, the mesh shaders feature enables greater control of the GPU geometry pipeline.

Ray tracing

Real-time hardware accelerated ray tracing is a new feature for RDNA 2 which is handled by a dedicated ray accelerator inside each CU. Ray tracing on RDNA 2 relies on the more open DirectX Raytracing protocol rather than the Nvidia RTX protocol.

In February 2023, it was reported that driver updates had boosted ray tracing performance by up to 40% using DirectX Raytracing.

Clock speeds

With RDNA 2 using the same 7 nm node as RDNA, AMD claims that RDNA 2 achieves a 30% frequency increase over its predecessor while using the same power.

Cache and memory subsystem

In addition to the traditional L1 and L2 caches that GPUs possess, RDNA 2 adds a new global L3 cache that AMD calls "Infinity Cache". This was done to avoid the use of a wider memory bus while still being able to maintain the same data bandwidth. Product technology architect Sam Naffziger said that, without Infinity Cache, "We were looking at the daunting prospect of having to put a 512-bit interface and all the power, area and expense associated with that". Using a wider memory bus requires more power which is in conflict with AMD's increased performance-per-watt goals for RDNA 2. AMD engineers ran tests comparing RDNA 2 silicon featuring a large on-die cache and with wider memory buses. They discovered that having such a cache would aid in the re-use of temporal and spatial data when the GPU is rendering a complex image. It is beneficial for the GPU's compute units to have fast access to a physically close cache rather than searching for data in video memory. AMD claims that RDNA 2's 128 MB of on-die Infinity Cache "dramatically reduces latency and power consumption". The GPU having access to a large L2 or L3 cache allows it to more quickly access necessary data compared to accessing VRAM or system RAM. The Infinity Cache is made up of two sets of 64 MB cache that can run on its own clock rate independent from the GPU cores. The Infinity Cache has a peak internal transfer bandwidth of 1986.6 GB/s and results in less reliance being placed on the GPU's GDDR6 memory controllers. Each Shader Engine now has two sets of L1 caches. The large cache of RDNA 2 GPUs give them a higher overall memory bandwidth compared to Nvidia's GeForce RTX 30 series GPUs.

Power efficiency

AMD claims that RDNA 2 achieves up to a 54% increase in performance-per-watt over the first RDNA microarchitecture. 21% of that 54% improvement is attributed to performance-per-clock enhancements, in part due to the addition of Infinity Cache.

Media engine

RDNA 2 uses the VCN 3.0, VCN 3.1, and VCN 3.1.2 video decoding blocks in its media engine. It adds support for AV1 decoding at up to 8K resolution, though AV1 hardware encoding support would not come until RDNA 3 in 2022. However, the low-end Navi 24 die and iGPUs based on RDNA 2.0 do not contain any media encoders and cannot decode AV1 as a result.

Navi 2x dies

Products

Desktop

• v
• t
• e

1. ^ Boost values (if available) are stated below the base value in italic.
2. Texture fillrate is calculated as the number of Texture Mapping Units multiplied by the base (or boost) core clock speed.
3. Pixel fillrate is calculated as the number of Render Output Units multiplied by the base (or boost) core clock speed.
4. Precision performance is calculated from the base (or boost) core clock speed based on a FMA operation.
5. Unified shaders : Texture mapping units : Render output units : Ray accelerators and Compute units (CU)
6. ^ Navi 24 lacks hardware video encoder.
7. Actual release date unknown; RX 6300M release date is listed instead.

Mobile

Model (Code name)	Release date	Architecture & fab	Transistors & die size	Core		Fillrate		Processing power (GFLOPS)			Infinity Cache	Memory				HW Decoder			HW Encoder			TDP	Bus interface
				Config	Clock (MHz)	Texture (GT/s)	Pixel (GP/s)	Half	Single	Double		Size	Bandwidth (GB/s)	Bus type & width	Clock (MT/s)	AV1	H265	4K H264	AV1	H265	4K H264
Radeon RX 6300M (Navi 24)	Jan 4, 2022	RDNA 2 TSMC N6	5.4×10 107 mm	768:64:32:12 12 CU	1512	97.76	48.38	6,270	3,130	195.6	8 MB	2 GB	64	GDDR6 32-bit	16000							25 W	PCIe 4.0 ×4
Radeon RX 6450M (Navi 24)	Jan 4, 2023				2220	118.10	71.04	7,600	3,780	236.3	16 MB	4 GB	128	GDDR6 64-bit								50 W
Radeon RX 6550S (Navi 24)				1024:64:32:16 16 CU	2170	154.20	69.44	9,900	4,900	306.3
Radeon RX 6500M (Navi 24)	Jan 4, 2022				2191	155.7	70.11	9,970	4,980	311.2
Radeon RX 6550M (Navi 24)	Jan 4, 2023				2560	182.10	81.92	11,600	5,800	362.5			144		18000							80 W
Radeon RX 6600S (Navi 23)	Jan 4, 2022	RDNA 2 TSMC N7	11.06×10 237 mm	1792:128:64:28 28 CU	1881	244.2	120.3	15,630	7,810	448.1	32 MB		224	GDDR6 128-bit	14000								PCIe 4.0 ×8
Radeon RX 6700S (Navi 23)					1890	247.5	120.9	15,840	7,920	495.0		8 GB
Radeon RX 6600M (Navi 23)	May 31, 2021				2177	274.2	139.3	17,550	7,800	487.5												100 W
Radeon RX 6650M (Navi 23)	Jan 4, 2022				2222	276.6	139.3	17,700	8,850	553.1			256		16000							120 W
Radeon RX 6800S (Navi 23)				2048:128:64:32 32 CU	1975	288.0	134.4	18,430	9,220	576.5												100 W
Radeon RX 6650M XT (Navi 23)					2162	311.5	142.2	19,940	9,970	623.1												120 W
Radeon RX 6700M (Navi 22)	May 31, 2021		17.2×10 335 mm	2304:144:64:36 36 CU	2300	331.4	147.2	21,209	10,605	662.1	80 MB	10 GB	320	GDDR6 160-bit								135 W	PCIe 4.0 ×16
Radeon RX 6800M (Navi 22)				2560:160:64:40 40 CU	2300	368.0	147.2	23,550	11,780	736.2	96 MB	12 GB	384	GDDR6 192-bit								145+ W
Radeon RX 6850M XT (Navi 22)	Jan 4, 2022				2580	415.6	157.6	26,430	13,209	825.6			432		18000							165 W

• v
• t
• e

1. ^ Boost values (if available) are stated below the base value in italic.
2. Texture fillrate is calculated as the number of Texture Mapping Units multiplied by the base (or boost) core clock speed.
3. Pixel fillrate is calculated as the number of Render Output Units multiplied by the base (or boost) core clock speed.
4. Precision performance is calculated from the base (or boost) core clock speed based on a FMA operation.
5. Unified shaders : Texture mapping units : Render output units : Ray accelerators and Compute units CU
6. ^ Lacks hardware video encoder.

Workstation

Desktop Workstation

• v
• t
• e

1. ^ Boost values (if available) are stated below the base value in italic.
2. Texture fillrate is calculated as the number of Texture Mapping Units multiplied by the base (or boost) core clock speed.
3. Pixel fillrate is calculated as the number of Render Output Units multiplied by the base (or boost) core clock speed.
4. Precision performance is calculated from the base (or boost) core clock speed based on a FMA operation.
5. Unified shaders : Texture mapping units : Render output units : Ray accelerators and Compute units (CU)

• v
• t
• e

1. ^ Boost values (if available) are stated below the base value in italic.
2. Texture fillrate is calculated as the number of Texture Mapping Units multiplied by the base (or boost) core clock speed.
3. Pixel fillrate is calculated as the number of Render Output Units multiplied by the base (or boost) core clock speed.
4. Precision performance is calculated from the base (or boost) core clock speed based on a FMA operation.
5. Unified shaders : Texture mapping units : Render output units : Ray accelerators and Compute units (CU)

Mobile Workstation

• v
• t
• e

1. ^ Boost values (if available) are stated below the base value in italic.
2. Texture fillrate is calculated as the number of Texture Mapping Units multiplied by the base (or boost) core clock speed.
3. Pixel fillrate is calculated as the number of Render Output Units multiplied by the base (or boost) core clock speed.
4. Precision performance is calculated from the base (or boost) core clock speed based on a FMA operation.
5. Unified shaders : Texture mapping units : Render output units : Ray accelerators and Compute units (CU)

Integrated graphics processing units (iGPUs)

1. ^ Full die, not just the iGP
2. ^ Boost values (if available) are stated below the base value in italic.
3. Texture fillrate is calculated as the number of Texture Mapping Units multiplied by the base (or boost) core clock speed.
4. Pixel fillrate is calculated as the number of Render Output Units multiplied by the base (or boost) core clock speed.
5. Precision performance is calculated from the base (or boost) core clock speed based on a FMA operation.
6. Unified shaders : Texture mapping units : Render output units : Ray accelerators and Compute units (CU)

Consoles

1. ^ Full die, not just the GPU
2. ^ Boost values (if available) are stated below the base value in italic.
3. Texture fillrate is calculated as the number of Texture Mapping Units multiplied by the base (or boost) core clock speed.
4. Pixel fillrate is calculated as the number of Render Output Units multiplied by the base (or boost) core clock speed.
5. Precision performance is calculated from the base (or boost) core clock speed based on a FMA operation.
6. Unified shaders : Texture mapping units : Render output units : Ray accelerators and Compute units (CU)

See also

• Ampere - competing Nvidia microarchitecture released in a similar time-frame with the competing GeForce RTX 30 series

References

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• AMD microarchitectures
• Computer-related introductions in 2020
• Graphics microarchitectures