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Raleigh–Durham International Airport
IATA: RDU ICAO: KRDU FAA LID: RDU
Summary
Airport type	Public
Owner/Operator	Raleigh–Durham Airport Authority
Serves	The Research Triangle Metropolitan Region of North Carolina
Location	Cedar Fork Township, Wake County, North Carolina, U.S.
Opened	May 1, 1943; 81 years ago (1943-05-01)
Focus city for	Delta Air Lines
Operating base for	Avelo Airlines
Elevation AMSL	436 ft / 133 m
Coordinates	35°52′40″N 078°47′15″W / 35.87778°N 78.78750°W / 35.87778; -78.78750
Website	www.rdu.com
Maps
FAA airport diagram
Runways
Direction Length Surface ft m 05L/23R 10,000 3,048 Concrete 05R/23L 7,500 2,286 Asphalt 14/32 3,570 1,088 Asphalt 05L/23R 10,639 3,243 Under Construction (Concrete)
Statistics (2023)
Total Passengers 14,523,996 Aircraft movements 216,081 Air Cargo (lbs.) 202,642,566
Sources: RDU website

Raleigh–Durham International Airport (IATA: RDU, ICAO: KRDU, FAA LID: RDU), locally known by its IATA code RDU, is an international airport that serves Raleigh, Durham, and the surrounding Research Triangle region of North Carolina as its main airport. It is located in unincorporated Wake County, but is surrounded by the city of Raleigh to the north and east, and the towns of Cary and Morrisville to the south. The airport covers 5,000 acres (20 km) and has three runways.

As of 2024, RDU ranks 35th in passenger arrivals and departures in the US, offering passenger service to over 70 destinations, including 14 international destinations in eleven countries. There are more than 400 average daily flights. The RDU Airport Authority is in charge of the airport facilities and operations and is controlled by a board of representatives from the counties of Wake and Durham and the cities of Raleigh and Durham.

Raleigh–Durham International Airport is the second-largest airport in the state of North Carolina, behind Charlotte Douglas International Airport. The main catchment area is central & eastern North Carolina, and southern Virginia. The airport is an operating base for Avelo Airlines and a focus city for Delta Air Lines.

In 2023, RDU served a record 14.5 million passengers, which broke the airport's record of 14.2 million passengers set in 2019.

History

Founding

The region's first airport opened in 1929 as Raleigh Municipal Airport, south of Raleigh. It was quickly outgrown, and in 1939 the North Carolina General Assembly chartered the Raleigh–Durham Aeronautical Authority to build and operate a larger airport between Raleigh and Durham. This was promoted by Eastern Air Lines, led by then chairman Eddie Rickenbacker, who wanted to make RDU a stop on the airline's New York–Miami route.

The new Raleigh–Durham Airport opened on May 1, 1943, with flights by Eastern Airlines. The passenger terminal was built from materials remaining after the construction of four barracks for the Army Air Forces Air Technical Service Command airfield. The three runways the airport had in 1951 are still visible on the southeast side of the airport: 4500-ft runway 5, 4500-ft runway 18 and 4490-ft runway 14.

After World War II, Capital Airlines joined Eastern at RDU; Piedmont Airlines arrived in 1948. The April 1957 Official Airline Guide shows 36 departures a day: twenty Eastern, eight Capital and eight Piedmont. Nonstop flights did not reach beyond Washington, Atlanta, or the Appalachians (but Eastern started a Super Constellation nonstop to Newark in 1958). The next airline (aside from United's takeover of Capital in 1961) was Delta Air Lines in 1970. In April 1969, nonstops didn't reach beyond New York or Atlanta, and Chicago was the only nonstop west of the Appalachians. RDU's first scheduled jets were Eastern 727s in 1965.

In the 1970s, the last decade before airline deregulation, Piedmont connected RDU to Charlotte, Greensboro, New Bern, Norfolk, Richmond, Rocky Mount, Washington, Wilmington and Winston-Salem. United flew to Asheville, Charlotte, Huntsville and Newark, while Eastern flew to Atlanta, Charlotte, Miami, New York, Philadelphia, Richmond and Washington, and Delta flew to Chicago and Greensboro.

After deregulation, Allegheny Airlines arrived in 1979, and by 1985 Trans World Airlines, American Airlines, Ozark Air Lines, People Express, New York Air and Pan Am had all put in appearances.

Hub years

American built a terminal at RDU between 1985 and 1987 to house a new hub, and flew to 38 cities when the hub started in June 1987. The December 1987 timetable shows AA nonstops to 36 airports and American Eagle prop nonstops to 18 more. American later flew to London-Gatwick and Paris-Orly. The RDU hub operated at a loss even during its heyday in the early 1990s, like the hub AA had at Nashville. American's December 1992 timetable, around the time of the hub's peak, showed 211 daily departures to 64 destinations, almost all in the eastern United States (the westernmost destinations being American's hubs at Dallas/Fort Worth and Chicago–O'Hare). The hub faced intense competition from Delta and Eastern in Atlanta, Northwest in Memphis, and from USAir in Charlotte, as well as the short-lived Continental hub in Greensboro that opened in 1993. American began to consider closing the hub in late 1993; operations were reduced until June 1995 when American closed the hub. In 1996, Air Canada became the airport's first international carrier with service to Toronto.

American retained a daily nonstop flight to London, which continued to operate until the COVID-19 pandemic and resumed in 2022. The RDU-London route was originally launched based on a purchasing commitment from GlaxoSmithKline, which has major offices at both ends of the route; the route is no longer dependent on GSK for revenue.

Midway Airlines replaced AA as the airport's hub carrier from 1995 until 2003. In 1995, Midway had flights to Boston, Hartford, Long Island, Newark, Newburgh, New York, Philadelphia and Washington in the Northeast, and to Fort Lauderdale, Jacksonville, Orlando, Tampa and West Palm Beach in Florida. American subleased its gates at RDU to Midway in order to repay $113 million in American-guaranteed bonds that had been used to construct the hub facilities. Midway suspended service for some time after the September 11, 2001 attacks, and ceased operations in 2002, filing for bankruptcy in 2003.

Recent history

RDU's post-hub years have brought the addition of new carriers and destinations, notably discount carriers such as Allegiant Air, Southwest Airlines and Frontier Airlines. Because of the economic downturn and high fuel prices in 2008, American ended most point to point flights it operated out of the airport. Several mainline flights were also dropped and service to other cities was reduced or downgraded. Other airlines also cut flights and destinations including United Airlines and US Airways. Also in 2008, the airport was modernized; the current rebuilt Terminal 2 opened, on the site of the old Terminal C that was built in 1987. The rebuilt was completed in 2011, and was designed by Fentress Architects.

By 2010, RDU's traffic began to recover. In the first few months of the year, passenger numbers stabilized at RDU, ending the decrease the airport experienced in 2008 and 2009. In the first four months of 2010, 2.7 million passengers traveled through RDU. Growth was flat compared to the same period a year before, but these signs were positive indicating that the decline was over. Airlines at RDU began to add new services to the schedule with both legacy and low-cost carriers significantly increasing service since the early 2010s.

Delta Air Lines maintains a focus city operation at RDU, which it decided to maintain in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic due to the area's strong economy and lack of a dominant network carrier.

In November 2022, Avelo Airlines announced the opening of an operating base at Raleigh-Durham. Service started on February 15, 2023. Avelo currently operates two aircraft and around 90 employees at the airport.

Future

The Vision 2040 Master Plan details several major improvements that are aimed to be made by 2040. Proposed in 2017 by the RDU Airport Authority, the plan calls for major additions and renovations of current facilities at the airport. This includes the construction of a consolidated rental car facility, an on-site hotel, expansion of parking lots, expansion of both terminals, improvements to the taxiway layout, and the replacement of both runways. The proposal included lengthening runway 5R/23L to 9,000 feet (2,700 m) and rebuilding runway 5L/23R to a length of 11,500 feet (3,500 m) just northwest of its current position. The existing runway 5L/23R will become a taxiway for the new runway. After modifying the planned runway length multiple times, the FAA authorized the construction of the new runway on September 5, 2023. The construction of RDU's new 5L/23R runway began on October 11, 2023. The new runway will be built at a length of 10,639 feet (3,243 m) and is anticipated to be finished in 5 years.

In June 2023, the Airport Authority Board approved an agreement to advance the planning process for terminal 1 expansion to allow for future growth as RDU reached new passenger traffic records and destinations served. RDU is also planning on expanding their customs and border patrol center to accommodate for the increase of international flights at RDU.

Facilities

Terminals

The airport contains two terminals with a total of 45 gates. The two terminals do not have an airside connection; passengers moving between the terminals may ride a shuttle bus or take the moving walkway through covered parking decks between the terminals. All non precleared international flights are processed in Terminal 2 and arrive into gates C21, C23, C24 and C25.

• Terminal 1 contains 9 gates, A1–A9. The Vision2040 plan proposes the addition of 4, 7, 12 or 15 gates. The terminal is used by Alaska Airlines, Avelo Airlines, Breeze Airways, Southwest Airlines, Spirit Airlines, and Sun Country Airlines. In 2024, RDU moved three airlines in Terminal 2 to maximize check-in, gate space, and overall terminal space for airlines at Terminal 2.
• Terminal 2 contains 36 gates, with concourses C and D. This is the only terminal at RDU that hosts international arrivals, utilizing gates C21 and C23–C25. Aeroméxico Connect, Air Canada, Air France, American Airlines, Copa Airlines, Delta Air Lines, Frontier Airlines, Icelandair, JetBlue, Lufthansa and United fly from Terminal 2. American Airlines Admirals Club, Delta Air Lines Sky Club, United Club, and USO of North Carolina are all located in this terminal.

Cargo areas

The airport incorporates two cargo areas, North Cargo and South Cargo. The North Cargo terminal area is used by cargo airlines. The largest cargo operators are FedEx and UPS. The South Cargo terminal area is used by commercial airlines for cargo operations.

Maintenance base

Endeavor Air built a maintenance base in 2019. The primary function is line maintenance. No hanger is available for maintenance.

Airlines and destinations

Passenger

Destinations Maps
RDUAtlantaAustinClevelandColumbusDallas/ Fort WorthDallas–LoveSeattle/TacomaNew OrleansFt. MyersChicago–O'HareLos AngelesMiamiTampaOrlandoFort LauderdaleHouston–IntercontinentalHouston–HobbyWashington–DullesWashington–NationalBaltimoreSan DiegoKansas CityDetroitChicago–MidwayMinneapolis/ St. PaulNashvilleDenverSalt Lake CityPhoenix– Sky HarborLas VegasSan FranciscoCharlotteWest Palm BeachJacksonvilleSt. LouisCincinnatiAkron–CantonSarasotaDaytona BeachIndianapolisLouisvilleclass=notpageimage| Domestic destinations from RDU (excludes Northeast U.S., and U.S. Territories). Red dots represent year-round destinations; Green dots represent seasonal destinations; Blue dots represent future destinations.
New HavenBostonJFKLaGuardiaNewarkPhiladelphiaPittsburghHartfordAlbanyManchesterRochesterLong IslandProvidenceWhite PlainsBurlingtonPortlandSyracuseclass=notpageimage| Northeast U.S. destinations from RDU. Red dots represent year-round destinations; Green dots represent seasonal destinations; Blue dots represent future destinations.
RDUMexico CityToronto–PearsonCalgaryVancouverMontréal–TrudeauCancúnPanama City–TocumenSan JuanBermudaPunta CanaMontego Bayclass=notpageimage| North America destinations from RDU (excludes domestic U.S.). Red dots represent year-round destinations; Green dots represent seasonal destinations; Blue dots represent future destinations.
ParisLondon-HeathrowFrankfurtReykjavík–Keflavíkclass=notpageimage| European destinations from RDU. Red dots represent year-round destinations; Green dots represent seasonal destinations; Blue dots represent future destinations.

Cargo

Statistics

Top destinations

Busiest domestic routes from RDU (October 2023 – September 2024)

Rank	City	Passengers	Carriers
1	Atlanta, Georgia	709,660	Delta, Frontier, Southwest
2	Charlotte, North Carolina	525,870	American
3	Orlando, Florida	381,760	Delta, Frontier, JetBlue, Southwest
4	Dallas/Fort Worth, Texas	330,840	American, Frontier
5	Chicago–O'Hare, Illinois	316,100	American, Frontier, United
6	New York–LaGuardia, New York	311,980	American, Delta, Frontier
7	Denver, Colorado	293,300	Frontier, Southwest, United
8	New York–JFK, New York	291,110	American, Delta, JetBlue
9	Miami, Florida	290,000	American, Delta, Frontier
10	Boston, Massachusetts	283,340	Delta, Frontier, JetBlue

Busiest international routes from RDU (July 2023 – June 2024)

Rank	Airport	Passengers	% Change from Apr '23 - Mar '24	Ranking	Carriers
1	London–Heathrow, United Kingdom	130,382	0.08%		American
2	Paris–Charles de Gaulle, France	110,522	4.57%		Air France, Delta
3	Toronto–Pearson, Canada	92,393	1.06%		Air Canada
4	Reykjavík–Keflavík, Iceland	65,742	9.04%		Icelandair
5	Cancún, Mexico	28,848	8.72% `		American, Delta
6	Montréal–Trudeau, Canada	15,826	8.92%		Air Canada
7	Frankfurt, Germany	7,574	N/A		Lufthansa
8	Freeport, Bahamas	2,943	39.78%	1	Bahamasair
9	Panama City-Tocumen, Panama	1,436	N/A		Copa Airlines
10	Mexico City, Mexico	160	N/A		Aeromexico
11	Montego Bay, Jamaica	Begins February 2025	N/A		Avelo Airlines
12	Punta Cana, Dominican Republic	Begins February 2025	N/A		Avelo Airlines
13	Hamilton, Bermuda	Begins April 2025	N/A		BermudAir
14	Calgary, Canada	Begins June 2025	N/A		WestJet
15	Vancouver, Canada	Begins June 2025	N/A		Air Canada

Annual traffic

Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. Updates on reimplementing the Graph extension, which will be known as the Chart extension, can be found on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org.

Annual traffic at RDU

Airline market share

Accidents and incidents

• On January 2, 1953, a USAF Douglas C-47 crashed near RDU attempting to land with rain and low visibility after diverting from Pope AFB in Fayetteville. The aircraft crashed nearly two miles south of the airport in Crabtree Park. Three out of the four occupants died.
• On Wednesday, November 12, 1975, Eastern Air Lines Flight 576, a Boeing 727-225, crashed while attempting to land on runway 23 (now runway 23 Left). The aircraft hit the ground 282 feet (86 m) short of the runway and bounced back into the air before coming down on the runway and sliding 4,150 feet (1,260 m) down the runway, stopping where the south end of Terminal 1 is today. Of the 139 persons on the flight, eight were injured, one seriously. The NTSB investigation initially blamed the crash on "the pilot's failure to execute a missed approach when he lost sight of the runway environment in heavy rain below decision height." The accident report and probable cause were later revised to include the influence of undetected wind shear. The aircraft (Boeing 727-225, N8838E) sustained major damage and was moved to an area on the north end of closed runway 18. A temporary structure was built around the aircraft, which was eventually repaired and returned to service.
• On December 31, 1986, a passenger aboard United Airlines Flight 1502 was wounded after a local hunter fired his rifle from the ground into the airframe of the landing aircraft. Robert Raymond Proulx, fired a bullet through the fuselage wounding a passenger (Barry Rollins) in the thigh and the cheek as the projectile ricocheted inside the cabin.
• On February 19, 1988, AVAir Flight 3378, a Fairchild Swearingen Metroliner was on a regularly scheduled flight between Raleigh and Richmond operating for American Eagle when it crashed into a reservoir about a mile from the airport in the vicinity of Cary. The aircraft had departed during low ceiling, low visibility and night conditions. Analysis of radar data indicated the aircraft was in a 45-degree descending turn. Both crew members and all 10 passengers were killed. It was revealed during the investigation that the pilot had complained of illness but decided to continue the flight.
• On December 13, 1994, American Eagle Flight 3379 operated by AMR's regional airline Flagship Airlines, a Jetstream 31 was on a regularly scheduled service of Raleigh–Greensboro–Raleigh when it crashed into a wooded area about 4 miles (6.4 km) SW of the airport, in the vicinity of Morrisville. Of the 20 onboard (18 passengers and two crewmembers) 15 were killed while the five survivors received serious injuries. The probable cause of the crash was the pilot not following proper procedure when it came to an engine failure situation.
• On July 31, 2000, a Win Win Aviation de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter crashed on approach nearly two miles SSW of RDU on a positioning flight due to fog and darkness. The pilot was not instrument rated to fly in bad weather. One crewmember out of the three occupants died.
• On October 20, 2019, a Piper PA-32 crashed in a wooded area of Umstead State Park on approach to runway 32. Both occupants of the plane died.
• On July 29, 2022, a CASA C-212 Aviocar from Raeford West Airport made an emergency landing and subsequently slid off runway 23L due to its lack of right landing gear. On approach, the 23-year old co-pilot, Charles Hew Crooks, exited the plane over Fuquay-Varina and subsequently died. The pilot was transported to the hospital with minor injuries as the result of a rough landing.
• On April 25, 2024, a Socata TBM 850 from Wilmington operated by UNC Air Operations crashed during landing on runway 32. The pilot and one passenger were both injured.

See also

• List of airports in North Carolina
• List of the busiest airports in the United States
• North Carolina World War II Army Airfields

References

 This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency

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External links

• Raleigh–Durham International Airport
• "Raleigh–Durham International Airport – RDU" (PDF). at North Carolina DOT airport guide
• FAA Airport Diagram (PDF), effective November 28, 2024
• FAA Terminal Procedures for RDU, effective November 28, 2024
• Resources for this airport:
  • AirNav airport information for KRDU
  • ASN accident history for RDU
  • FlightAware airport information and live flight tracker
  • NOAA/NWS weather observations: current, past three days
  • SkyVector aeronautical chart for KRDU
  • FAA current RDU delay information

v t e Places adjacent to Raleigh–Durham International Airport
Durham, Hillsborough I-540, I-885 Raleigh, Durham I-540, US 70, I-85 Raleigh, Wake Forest I-540, US 70 Durham, Chapel Hill I-540, I-40 RDU Airport Raleigh, Knightdale US 70, NC 50 Morrisville, Cary I-40, NC 54, NC 540 Morrisville, Cary I-40, NC 54, US 64 Umstead Park, Raleigh, Garner US 70, I-440

v t e Greater Raleigh Metropolitan Region (Raleigh–Cary, MSA; part of the Research Triangle)
Principal cities	Raleigh Cary
Other significant cities	Apex Clayton Fuquay-Varina Garner Holly Springs Morrisville Smithfield Wake Forest
Counties	Franklin Johnston Wake
Major universities	Campbell Law Meredith College NC State William Peace Shaw St. Augustine's University
Transportation	GoCary GoRaleigh GoTriangle Raleigh–Durham International Airport
Miscellaneous	Research Triangle Park Triangle J Council of Governments

v t e Greater Durham–Chapel Hill metropolitan region (Durham MSA, part of the Research Triangle)
Principal cities	Durham Chapel Hill
Other significant cities	Carrboro Hillsborough Pittsboro Roxboro Siler City
Counties	Chatham Durham Orange Person
Major universities	Duke University North Carolina Central University University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Transportation	Raleigh–Durham International Airport I-40 I-85 I-540 I-885 US 15 US 64 US 70 US 501 NC 147 NC 54 Chapel Hill Transit GoDurham GoTriangle
Newspapers	The Herald-Sun The Daily Tar Heel Indy Week The News & Observer The Courier Times
Miscellaneous	Research Triangle Park Triangle J Council of Governments

v t e City of Raleigh, North Carolina
Main	Notable people Wake County The Triangle North Carolina Piedmont Tallest buildings Timeline
Government	Mayor Mary-Ann Baldwin Mayors of Raleigh Raleigh City Council Wake County Public School System Raleigh Fire Department Raleigh Police Department
Colleges and universities	North Carolina State University Wake Technical Community College Meredith College William Peace University Shaw University St. Augustine's University Campbell University Norman Adrian Wiggins School of Law Skema Business School
Attractions	Museums: North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences North Carolina Museum of History North Carolina Museum of Art Marbles Kids Museum Contemporary Art Museum of Raleigh City of Raleigh Museum Historic sites City Market Joel Lane House Mordecai House Montfort Hall Long View Center Dorton Arena The Village Subway Performing arts: Duke Energy Center for the Performing Arts Walnut Creek Amphitheatre Red Hat Amphitheater Raleigh Little Theatre Parks: William B. Umstead State Park Pullen Park JC Raulston Arboretum North Carolina State Fair
Sports	Carolina Hurricanes-NHL (Lenovo Center) NC State Wolfpack-NCAA Division I (ACC) (Carter–Finley Stadium, Lenovo Center) North Carolina FC-USLC North Carolina Courage-NWSL North Carolina FC U23-USL2 Carolina Mudcats-MiLB A Rex Hospital Open-Nationwide Tour
Media	Newspapers: News & Observer Raleigh Downtowner Technician Indy Week Television: 4 WUNC (PBS - Chapel Hill) 5 WRAL (NBC) 8 WAUG-LD (Ind.) 11 WTVD (ABC) 17 WNCN (CBS) 22 WLFL (CW) 28 WRDC (MyNetworkTV - Durham) 30 WRAY (Ind./Jewelry TV - Wilson) 40 WUVC-DT (Univision - Fayetteville) 50 WRAZ (Fox) Cable Television: Spectrum News
Transportation	Raleigh–Durham International Airport GoRaleigh GoTriangle Rail: Raleigh Union Station Carolinian Piedmont Silver Star

• Aviation

• Airports in North Carolina
• Transportation in Raleigh, North Carolina
• Airfields of the United States Army Air Forces Technical Service Command
• Buildings and structures in Wake County, North Carolina
• Airfields of the United States Army Air Forces in North Carolina
• Transportation in Wake County, North Carolina
• Transportation in Durham, North Carolina
• Airports established in 1943
• 1943 establishments in North Carolina