A raven is any of several larger-bodied passerine bird species in the genus Corvus. These species do not form a single taxonomic group within the genus. There is no consistent distinction between crows and ravens; the two names are assigned to different species chiefly based on their size.
The largest raven species are the common raven and the thick-billed raven; these are also the largest passerine species.
Etymology
The term raven originally referred to the common raven (Corvus corax), the type species of the genus Corvus, which has a larger distribution than any other species of Corvus, ranging over much of the Northern Hemisphere.
The modern English word raven has cognates in all other Germanic languages, including Old Norse (and subsequently modern Icelandic) hrafn and Old High German (h)Raban, all of which descend from Proto-Germanic *hrabanaz.
One collective noun for a group of ravens is "unkindness"; in practice, most people use the more generic "flock".
Extant species
See also: List of Corvus species- Corvus albicollis – White-necked raven (eastern and southern Africa)
- Corvus corax – Common raven (Northern Hemisphere)
- Corvus coronoides – Australian raven (Australia)
- Corvus crassirostris – Thick-billed raven (Horn of Africa)
- Corvus cryptoleucus – Chihuahuan raven (United States and Mexico)
- Corvus mellori – Little raven (southeastern Australia)
- Corvus rhipidurus – Fan-tailed raven (eastern Africa and Arabian peninsula)
- Corvus ruficollis – Brown-necked raven (northern Africa, Arabian peninsula, greater Middle East)
- Corvus tasmanicus – Forest raven (Tasmania, southern Victoria and north-east New South Wales in Australia)
Extinct species and morphs
- †Corvus moriorum – Chatham raven
- †Corvus antipodum – New Zealand raven
- †Corvus corax varius morpha leucophaeus – Pied raven (extinct morph of common raven)
Gallery
-
Common raven
-
Chihuahuan raven
-
Fan-tailed raven
-
Australian raven
-
A raven with a damaged wing. It can still fly with ease.
-
White-necked raven
-
Thick-billed raven
See also
References
- Oxford English Dictionary entry for "raven".
- Simpson, J.; Weiner, E., eds. (1989). "Raven". Oxford English Dictionary (2nd ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-861186-2.
- "Raven". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved 14 May 2007.
- Lipton, James (1991). An Exaltation of Larks. Viking Press. ISBN 978-0-670-30044-0.
- "flock of ravens, unkindness of ravens, treachery of ravens, conspiracy of ravens". Google Books Ngram Viewer. Retrieved 5 January 2020.
External links
- Raven videos on the Internet Bird Collection
- North American ravens on eNature
Index of animals with the same common nameThis page is an index of articles on animal species (or higher taxonomic groups) with the same common name (vernacular name). If an internal link led you here, you may wish to edit the linking article so that it links directly to the intended article.
Categories: