Raymond Leo Burke - Misplaced Pages

(Redirected from Raymond Cardinal Burke) American cardinal of the Catholic Church (born 1948)

His Eminence
Raymond Leo Burke

Patron Emeritus of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta

Burke in 2008

Church

Catholic

Appointed

November 8, 2014

Retired

June 19, 2023

Predecessor

Paolo Sardi

Successor

Gianfranco Ghirlanda

Styles of Raymond Leo Burke

Reference style	His Eminence
Spoken style	Your Eminence
Informal style	Cardinal

Early life

Raymond Burke was born on June 30, 1948, in Richland Center, Wisconsin, the youngest of the six children of Thomas F. and Marie B. Burke. He is of Irish heritage, with ancestors from counties Cork and Tipperary. Burke attended St. Mary's Parish School in Richland Center from 1954 to 1959.

The Burke family later moved to Stratford, Wisconsin. From 1962 to 1968, he attended Holy Cross Seminary in La Crosse, Wisconsin. From 1968 to 1971, he studied at the Catholic University of America in Washington, D.C., as a Basselin scholar, receiving a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1970 and a Master of Arts degree in 1971, both in philosophy. He completed studies for the priesthood at the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome between 1971 and 1975, receiving a Bachelor of Sacred Theology degree and a Master of Arts degree.

During his studies, Burke resided at the Pontifical North American College with 10 future bishops and two future cardinals – Blase J. Cupich and James Harvey. Pope Paul VI ordained Burke to the priesthood for the Diocese of La Crosse on June 29, 1975, in St. Peter's Basilica.

Priestly ministry

After his 1975 ordination, the diocese assigned Burke as assistant rector of the Cathedral of St. Joseph the Workman in La Crosse, Wisconsin. He also taught religion at Aquinas High School in La Crosse.

In 1980, Burke returned to Rome to study canon law at the Gregorian University. He received a licentiate in canon law in 1982 and a doctorate in canon law in 1984. He then returned to La Crosse, where Bishop John Joseph Paul appointed him as moderator of the curia and vice chancellor of the La Crosse diocese. In 1989, Pope John Paul II named Burke as the first American defender of the bond of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura, the highest ecclesiastical court in the Catholic Church.

Episcopal ministry

Bishop of La Crosse

On December 10, 1994, John Paul II named Burke as bishop of La Crosse and consecrated him on January 6, 1995, at St. Peter's Basilica. Burke took possession of the see of La Crosse on February 22, 1995.

In 2000, Burke convened the fifth diocesan synod for the diocese, which was followed by the publication of Synod V, acts: celebrated June 11–14, 2000 in 2003. In 2002, he was influential in founding the Canons Regular of the New Jerusalem. This was an order of Augustinian canons who were dedicated to the Tridentine Mass, the traditional form of the liturgy in the Latin Church.

Burke's tenure in La Crosse generated controversy. One issue was the construction of the $25 million Shrine of Our Lady of Guadalupe, with critics saying that the money used should have gone to the poor, Burke defended the shrine as a fruitful way to raise spiritual devotion. A second issue was the diocese's withdrawal from the annual Crop Walk sponsored by the Church World Service. Burke objected to the event because some of the money raised was being used to purchase condoms in developing countries.

Burke also welcomed numerous traditional orders to his diocese, including the Institute of Christ the King Sovereign Priest (ICKSP), whose priests offer exclusively the Tridentine Mass. Two priests left the diocese as a result of his policies. Burke closed a number of schools while also raising teachers' salaries. His style was noted by some of his aides to be more formal than that of his predecessor, Bishop Paul. Burke's aides described him as being warm and approachable in private. During his tenure, the diocese continued to participate in charitable efforts while also increasing its moral and political activism.

Archbishop of St. Louis

On December 2, 2003, John Paul II named Burke as archbishop of St. Louis, succeeding Cardinal Justin Rigali. Burke was installed on January 26, 2004, and was presented with the pallium on June 29, 2004, by John Paul II.

In St. Louis, Burke emphasized the promotion of vocations to the priesthood. He also published a column in the archdiocesan weekly newspaper, the Saint Louis Review. Burke established an oratory for Catholics desiring to worship according to the traditional form. As he had done in La Crosse, he invited the Institute of Christ the King Sovereign Priest (ICKSP) into the archdiocese and ordained priests for ICKSP, both in the U.S. and abroad. His ordination of two ICKSP priests in 2007, in a solemn pontifical high mass, marked the first use in 40 years of the Tridentine rite of ordination in the Cathedral Basilica of St. Louis. In 2006, Missouri voters approved an amendment to the state constitution permitting embryonic stem cell research. In reaction, Burke stated that:

"our tiniest brothers and sisters ... will be made legally the subjects, the slaves, of those who wish to manipulate and destroy their lives for the sake of supposed scientific and technological progress."

During his tenure, Burke escalated a long-running dispute over the attempted closing of St. Stanislaus Kostka Church and the ownership of its significant assets. After Reverend Marek Bozek led a Christmas Eve Mass in 2005 despite the archdiocese's previous attempted closure of the parish, Burke "declare that the church was in 'schism'", a designation that led to the excommunication of Bozek and the church's lay board. In 2012, a state court ruled against the diocese and sided with the congregation, now an independent Catholic church, and awarded it full ownership of the significant parish assets.

In July 2006, Pope Benedict XVI appointed Burke as a member of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura,. On May 6, 2008, Benedict XVI named Burke as a member of the Pontifical Council for Legislative Texts, which interprets canon law, and as a member of the Congregation for the Clergy.

Prefect of the Apostolic Signatura

On June 27, 2008, Benedict XVI appointed Burke as prefect of the Supreme Tribunal. Over the next several years, Benedict XVI named Burke to several dicasteries of the Roman Curia:

May 6, 2008, to the Pontifical Council for Legislative Texts, which authoritatively interprets canon law
May 6, to the Congregation for the Clergy, which regulates the formation and training of diocesan priests and deacons
October 7, 2008, as president of the Commission for Advocates, which admits canon lawyers to a registry for practice in the Vatican's courts.
October 17, 2009, to the Congregation for Bishops, which oversees the appointment of most Latin Church bishops outside mission territories
July 6, 2010, to the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments;
July 24, 2010, to the Congregation for the Causes of Saints;
January 29, 2011, to the Council of Cardinals and Bishops of the Section for Relations with States of the Secretariat of State.

On March 11, 2010, in the wake of the sexual abuse scandal in Europe, Burke said that the Vatican needed to prepare a document that outlined a set of explicit guidelines rooted in canon law. This document would guide bishops and their local tribunals in reporting sexual abuse cases to the Vatican so as to speed up the process of justice. Burke also recommended changes to the high levels of secrecy in the existing process.

Cardinal

On November 20, 2010, Benedict XVI named Burke as cardinal-deacon of Sant'Agata dei Goti, the fifth archbishop of St. Louis to become a member of the College of Cardinals. On February 5, 2011, the memorial of Saint Agatha, Burke took canonical possession of his titular church in Rome.

In October 2012, Burke was appointed as president of the Commission for Controversies at the 13th Ordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops. After Benedict XVI retired from office, Burke served as a cardinal electors in the 2013 papal conclave that elected Pope Francis.

On December 16, 2013, Francis made extensive changes to the Congregation for Bishops and declined to reappoint Burke to its membership. Some observers speculated that Francis took this action because Burke took "a more aggressive line than the pope on the Western culture wars". According to the former apostolic nuncio to the United States Carlo Maria Viganò, Cardinal Theodore McCarrick influenced Francis to remove Burke. After ten years as cardinal deacon, Burke exercised his option to assume the rank of cardinal priest, which Pope Francis confirmed on May 3, 2021.

Patron of the Order of Malta

On November 4, 2014, at the 2014 Synod on the Family, Burke stated that "There is a strong sense that the church is like a ship without a rudder." However, he balanced his critique by stating that he did not want it to be interpreted as a criticism of Francis. On November 8, four days later, Francis removed Burke as prefect of the Apostolic Signatura and named him as patron of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta. This was a largely ceremonial post that the pope usually bestowed on a retired cardinal or as a secondary job to an active one.

Many thought that Francis dismissed Burke as prefect due to the "ship without a rudder" comment at the Synod. Francis denied it, saying that he wanted a "smart American" to serve as patron of the Order of Malta. Francis also said that he had planned to move Burke long before the Synod took place, as part of a larger reorganization of the Vatican bureaucracy. However, Francis wanted Burke to participate in the synod as the head of a Vatican department.

On September 26, 2015, Francis named Burke a member of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints.

In early 2017, press reports revealed that Burke and Grand Master Matthew Festing of the Order of Malta had tried to oust the German lawyer Albrecht Freiherr von Boeselager from his position as chancellor of the Order. This was because von Boeslager had authorized the Order to purchase condoms for people in Myanmar, in contradiction to official Catholic teaching on artificial contraception. On February 2, 2017, Francis sidelined Burke as the patron of the Order. The pope named Archbishop Giovanni Angelo Becciu as his special delegate to the Order, with exclusive responsibility for the duties normally exercised by the patron. On February 21, von Boeselager confirmed that Burke was "de facto suspended" as patron.

In November 2016, Francis removed Burke from the Congregation for Divine Worship. This appeared be in response to the dubia (Latin for doubts) that Burke and three other cardinals submitted in response to the 2016 papal exhortation, Amoris laetitia. The cardinals believed that Amoris laetitia. contradicted Catholic moral teaching in the treatment of divorced persons. Burke had indicated that if Francis did not respond to the dubia, the cardinals would probably issue a “formal correction” of Francis.

In February 2017, Burke presided over a five-judge panel at the church trial of Archbishop Anthony Sablan Apuron of the Diocese of Agaña in Guam on charges of sexual abuse of minors. In March 2018, the court found Apuron guilty and ordered that he be removed from office. In September 2017, Francis reappointed Burke as a rank and file member of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura, but he did not regain his earlier position as prefect.

On June 19, 2023, Francis named Cardinal Gianfranco Ghirlanda to succeed Burke as patron of the Order of Malta. At that time, Burke was 74 years old, short of the customary retirement age of 75, and that Ghirlanda was age 80. In November 2023, Francis reportedly evicted Burke from his subsidized Vatican apartment and terminated his salary as a retired cardinal.

Institute for Human Dignity and Holy League

Burke previously chaired the advisory board of the Institute for Human Dignity, a Catholic-inspired non-governmental organization based in Rome. Burke terminated his relationship with the institute in June 2019 after it was publicly identified with the political program of Steve Bannon.

In March 2015, the Holy League, an organization base in Wisconsin, appointed Burke as its leader. The modern Holy League describes itself as a parish-based network of men united in devotion to the Blessed Sacrament.

Criticism of Burke

Burke's perceived status as an ultra-conservative and opponent of Francis has led to criticism. According to a 2015 article in National Catholic Reporter (NCR), some bishops have refused permission for Burke to host conferences in their dioceses, and that a number of priests have accused him of "spreading propaganda against the Pope".

In a July 2019 editorial, the NCR rebuked Burke for wanting to "reconstitute the clericalism that is at the heart of the sex abuse cover-up scandal that continues to undermine the authority of the church." NCR also accused Burke of trying "to replace the dynamism of Francis' model of accompaniment with a return to a statute-bound and static institution in service of itself." NCR labeled him as:

"the modern version of that religious leader that drew some of Jesus' harshest condemnations, those who placed undue burdens on others and pronounced themselves the undisputed bearers of truth."

Catholic academic Mark Silk in September 2023 accused Burke of committing the heresy of "Americanism" condemned by Pope Leo XIII, and of disobeying the pope. In a November 2023 New York Times article, the writer Ruth Graham said that some commentators viewed Burke's conflicts with Francis and the Vatican as symbolic of an ongoing large-scale conflict "between a more progressive Vatican and the American church".

Views

Synodality

During his Wanderer interview, Burke also criticized the concept of synodality, in which the pope transmits some of his authority to the bishops. "In listening to the Pope, one is given the impression that he is giving more and more authority to individual bishops and Conferences of Bishops. But this is not the Catholic Church", Burke said. He accused promoters of synodality of attempting to effect a "revolution" in the church, which he said would result in Catholicism being practiced differently in various countries, to the overall detriment of the church.

Ecumenicism

On June 10, 2019, Burke, Cardinal Jānis Pujats, and Bishops Tomasz Peta, Jan Paul Lenga, and Athanasius Schneider published a 40-point "Declaration of Truths" that claimed to reaffirm traditional church teaching. The clerics wrote that such a declaration was necessary in a time of "almost universal doctrinal confusion and disorientation." Specific passages in the declaration implicitly related to several writings by Francis, and some of them were seen as criticism or even opposition.

The declaration states that "the religion born of faith in Jesus Christ" is the "only religion positively willed by God." This statement seemingly alluded to the Document on Human Fraternity issued by Francis on February 4, 2019, which stated that the "diversity of religions" is "willed by God." Following recent changes to the Catechism of the Catholic Church to oppose capital punishment, the declaration states that the church "did not err" in teaching that civil authorities may "lawfully exercise capital punishment" when it is "truly necessary" to preserve the "just order of societies".

Pope Francis

Burke is widely viewed as a leader of the conservative wing of the church, and de facto leader in the United States to those who oppose Francis. Shortly after Francis in 2013 declined to reappoint Burke to the Congregation of Bishops, Burke said,

"One gets the impression, or it's interpreted this way in the media, that he thinks we're talking too much about abortion, too much about the integrity of marriage as between one man and one woman. But we can never talk enough about that."

Burke in early 2014 denied that Francis planned to change Catholic teaching on moral issues. He said that people "hardened against the truth" would claim that Francis wants to change church teachings that today's secularized culture rejects. He also said "their false praise of the Holy Father's approach mocks the fact that he is the Successor of Saint Peter", and that he consequently "rejects the acceptance and praise of the world". Francis spoke favorably of Burke in 2017, saying, "I do not see Cardinal Burke as an enemy." He also called Burke "an excellent lawyer."

An interim document from the 2014 Synod of Bishops softened the Catholic Church's language on LGBT Catholics, artificial contraception, divorced Catholics and Catholics in civil marriages. Burke said that the response to the document by some bishops showed that "a great number of the Synod Fathers found it objectionable." In an October 2014 interview with The Catholic World Report, Burke said the interim document "lacks a solid foundation in the Sacred Scriptures and the Magisterium and gives the impression of inventing a totally new, what one member of the Synod called 'revolutionary', teaching on marriage and the family."

In an October 17, 2014, interview with BuzzFeed News, Burke said that if "Pope Francis had selected certain cardinals to steer the meeting so as to advance his personal views on matters like divorce and the treatment of LGBT people", he would not be observing his mandate as the leader of the Catholic Church.

In an interview with The Wanderer on January 10, 2019, Burke denounced Francis's September 2018 Holy See–China Agreement. This was an agreement between the Vatican and the Chinese Government on Catholic jurisdiction in China. Burke call the agreement "in effect ... a repudiation of generations of martyrs and confessors of the Faith in China".

On June 10, 2019, Burke, Cardinal Jānis Pujats, and bishops Tomasz Peta, Jan Paul Lenga, and Athanasius Schneider published a 40-point "Declaration of Truths" claiming to reaffirm traditional church teaching. The bishops wrote that such a declaration was necessary in a time of "almost universal doctrinal confusion and disorientation." Specific passages in the declaration implicitly related to several writings by Francis, and some of them were seen as criticism or even opposition. The declaration states that "the religion born of faith in Jesus Christ" is the "only religion positively willed by God," seemingly alluding to the Document on Human Fraternity signed by Pope Francis on February 4, which stated that the "diversity of religions" is "willed by God." Following recent changes to the Catechism of the Catholic Church to oppose capital punishment, the declaration states that the church "did not err" in teaching that civil authorities may "lawfully exercise capital punishment" when it is "truly necessary" to preserve the "just order of societies".

In September 2019, Burke and Schneider published an 8-page letter denouncing what they alleged to be six theological errors in the working document for the Synod of Bishops for the Pan-Amazon region and asking that Francis "confirm his brethren in the faith by an unambiguous rejection of the errors." Burke and Schneider criticized the document for its "implicit pantheism," support for married clergy and a greater role for women in the liturgy, and for what they considered to be excessive openness to pagan rituals and practices common among the Amazonian peoples. The cardinals asked the laity and the clergy pray at least one decade of the Rosary and fast weekly for the rejection of such ideas over a 40-day period, from September 17 to October 26.

Embryonic stem-cell research

In 2007, the singer Sheryl Crow, an advocate for embryonic stem-cell research, was scheduled to perform at a benefit concert for the Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital in St. Louis. Burke stated that by hosting Crow, the hospital would give "...the impression that the Church is somehow inconsistent in its teaching." He requested that the hospital revoke the invitation; when the hospital refused, Burke resigned from its board on April 25, 2007.

Abortion

During the 2004 US presidential election, Burke stated that he would not give the eucharist to US Senator John Kerry or other Catholic politicians who publicly supported abortion rights for women.

"One of the problems I have is bishops who say to me, 'Well, this is unheard of in the church's practice.' Actually it goes back to St. Paul in the (First) Letter to the Corinthians, when he says: The person who eats and drinks the body and blood of Christ unworthily eats and drinks condemnation unto himself,"

Burke also wrote a pastoral letter in 2004 saying Catholics should not vote for politicians who support abortion or other "anti-life" practices. Burke in June 200 clarified his position, stating that one could vote for a pro-abortion politician and not commit a mortal sin, if one believed there was a more significant moral issue than abortion at hand. However, he also stated that he could not think of such an issue. In a September 2008 interview with Catholic News Service, Burke said that "the Democratic Party risks transforming itself definitively into a 'party of death', because of its choices on bio-ethical questions", especially elective abortion. In 2008, Burke urged Saint Louis University to discipline its men's basketball coach, Rick Majerus. This came after Majerus publicly supported abortion rights for women and embryonic stem cell research at a campaign event for US Senator Hillary Clinton. Burke stated:

"When you take a position in a Catholic university, you don't have to embrace everything the Catholic Church teaches. But you can't make statements which call into question the identity and mission of the Catholic Church."

Saint Louis University refused Burke's request, stating that Majerus had a right to express personal views when not serving as a university representative. In March 2009, Burke called on American bishops to withhold the eucharist from Catholic politicians who support abortion rights for women. The bishops' failure to do so, Burke said, "is weakening the faith of everyone. It's giving the impression that it must be morally correct to support procured abortion." He also said that any American president who promotes and implements "anti-life" legislation could be an "agent of death". Burke later said that he made his remarks not as prefect of the Apostolic Signatura, but simply as an American bishop. Two months later in May, Burke stated,

"Since President Obama clearly announced, during the election campaign, his anti-life and anti-family agenda, a Catholic who knew his agenda regarding, for example, procured abortion, embryonic-stem-cell research, and same-sex marriage, could not have voted for him with a clear conscience."

During the election, Obama had not officially called for same-sex marriage, but had advocated same-sex civil unions. In February 2013, Burke commented on the Irish abortion debate, stating that, in accordance with canon law, priests should exclude politicians who support abortion from receiving the eucharist. Burke has stated that anyone who supports abortion cannot receive the eucharist.

"I can't imagine that any Catholic wouldn't know that abortion is a grievous sin, but if they don't, once they've been told, then they either have to cease to support abortion or accept the fact they are not a Catholic in good standing and therefore should not present themselves for Holy Communion,"

In 2017, Burke said that Donald Trump's victory in the 2016 US presidential election was a win for anti-abortion causes. In an August 2019 interview, Burke criticized Catholics who disagree with the church teachings on certain issues.

"I've had non-Catholic leaders of government in this nation tell me that they were certain that the Catholic teaching on abortion and so-called same-sex marriage have changed because so many Catholics on Capitol Hill are regularly supporting this kind of legislation. And that's a scandal,"

Singling out US Vice President Joe Biden, Burke told such people not to attempt to receive the eucharist. "It's not a punishment. It's actually a favor to these people to tell them don't approach, because if they approach, they commit sacrilege." Burke in August 2019 denounced US Senator Kamala Harris for her criticisms of US District Judge Brian Buescher and his affiliation with the Knights of Columbus Burke said that people "need to look at that kind of statement for what it is and say this isn't a person who I want to be the leader of my nation."

Role of women in the church and priest shortage

In June 2008, Burke as the archbishop of St. Louis applied an interdict, which excludes a person from church ministries and the sacraments, to a Sister of Charity, Louise Lears, judging her guilty of three grave canonical offenses against the Catholic Church's faith and teachings. Lears, a pastoral worker and educator, had publicly stated her belief that all of the church's ministries, including the priesthood, should be open to women. Lears received the interdict after attending an ordination ceremony, which the church does not recognize, of a woman to the priesthood at a Jewish synagogue by the WomenPriests movement.

In January 2015, Burke gave an interview to an organization called the New Emangelization [sic] Project. The group was formed to confront what it called a "man crisis" in the Catholic Church. In the interview, Burke agreed the so-call "feminization" of the Catholic Church was alienating male Catholics. He claimed that "radical feminism" had "assaulted the Church and society since the 1960s has left men very marginalized" and led the Church to de-emphasize issues important to men, such as chivalry and sacrifice.

Burke has specifically criticized the introduction of female altar servers as a side effect of this feminization. He claimed that female altar servers discouraged boys from serving. "The introduction of girl servers also led many boys to abandon altar service", Burke said. "Young boys don't want to do things with girls. It's just natural. The girls were also very good at altar service. So many boys drifted away over time." Burke also linked the decline of men entering the priesthood with the decline of male altar servers. Burke has said that it requires

"...certain manly discipline to serve as an altar boy in service at the side of a priest, and most priests have their first deep experiences of the liturgy as altar boys. If we are not training young men as altar boys, giving them an experience of serving God in the liturgy, we should not be surprised that vocations have fallen dramatically."

In an August 2015 interview with the Independent, Burke blamed pedophile priests on "radical feminism which has assaulted the Church and society since the 1960s."

LGBT community and same-sex marriage

Burke is a strong critic and opponent of moves to soften Catholic attitudes towards the LGBTQ community and to permit greater acceptance of gay people within the church. In a 2013 interview with The Wanderer, Burke said that same-sex marriage,

"...is a work of deceit, a lie about the most fundamental aspect of our human nature, our human sexuality, which, after life itself, defines us. There is only one place these types of lies come from, namely Satan. It is a diabolical situation which is aimed at destroying individuals, families, and eventually our nation."

In an October 2014 interview with the Huffington Post, Burke referred to same-sex relationships as "profoundly disordered and harmful", stating that parents should not "expose children to that." He suggested that parents not allow contact between their children and sexually-active LGBT people, including at family gatherings such as Christmas. In November 2014, Burke argued that Francis had never approved homosexual acts, adding that it was "impossible to find positive elements in an evil act."

Speaking in Oxford after the May 2015 same-sex marriage referendum in Ireland, Burke said that he struggled to understand "any nation redefining marriage ... I mean, this is a defiance of God. It's just incredible. Pagans may have tolerated homosexual behaviors, they never dared to say this was marriage." Archbishop Eamon Martin of Armagh distanced himself from Burke's remarks, urging individuals "to try to be respectful and inoffensive in language" wherever possible.

In an April 2017 interview with the Tablet, Burke described homosexuality as an "ailment" which is not genetic but largely depended on a person's environment.

In August 2017, Burke criticized Cardinal Reinhard Marx's assertion that Germany's recent legalization of same-sex marriage should not be a major concern for the Catholic Church there. Burke said Marx's remarks showed how the church lacked "the clarity and the courage to announce the Gospel of Life and Divine Love to the radically secularized culture". Burke alluded to so-called diabolical errors spreading from society to Church leaders, raising concerns that the "end times" were nearing, and once again stating that homosexual acts were sinful. He insisted that the correct approach would distinguish between the love for the person and the hatred Catholics "must always have for sinful acts".

In a 2019 interview with the Wanderer, Burke chastised some of his fellow bishops for their supposed failures in keeping church teaching. He believes there are "pressure groups" within the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops (USCCB) had been attempting to soften the church's attitude on homosexuality. He accused them of trying to remove the description "intrinsically disordered" from the discussion of homosexual acts in the catechism, a change which Burke said is "not possible." Burke went on, "There is definitely within the hierarchy of the United States an element which is not coherent with the Church on these issues." He then criticized prelates who "promote Fr. James Martin ... within their dioceses." Martin was an American Jesuit who had written articles and made television appearances on improving Catholic treatment of LGBTQ members. Burke alleged that Martin "is not coherent with the Church's teaching on homosexuality" and said that such promotion is "an indication to us that there is a serious difficulty within the hierarchy that must be addressed."

In February 2019 Burke penned an open letter with Cardinal Walter Brandmuller addressed to Francis, calling for an end of "the plague of the homosexual agenda," which they blamed for the sexual abuse crisis engulfing the Catholic Church. They claimed the agenda was spread by "organized networks" protected by a "conspiracy of silence."

Divorce

Burke has opposed any change of church doctrine that would allow Catholics with civil divorces to remarry or receive the eucharist once they enter a second civil marriage. In 2013 he co-authored a book with cardinals Gerhard Ludwig Müller and George Pell on the subject.

In an interview in the German daily Die Welt on April 24, 2015, concerning the Fourteenth Ordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Burke renewed his criticism of German Cardinal Walter Kasper, whose "merciful" solution for remarried divorcees who wish to receive communion was discussed at the 2014 Extraordinary Synod.

“We are bound by the Magisterium. But some Synod Fathers, above all Cardinal Kasper, want to change it. So I had to make myself very clear. Clashes at Synods, incidentally, are nothing unusual. Think of the early Councils, the Arian heresy, for instance, when Athanasius even became physically aggressive”,

Burke also mentioned that John Paul II had ruled out women's ordination “once and for all”.

Burke, along with three other cardinals, issued a set of dubia, or doubts, to Francis, asking him to clarify various points of doctrine in his 2016 apostolic exhortation, Amoris laetitia and on general Christian life. The other cardinals were Italian Carlo Caffarra and Germans Brandmüller and Joachim Meisner. Since the 2014 synod, some bishops had begun allowing Catholics who had been divorced and remarried to receive the eucharist, despite the fact that such persons are traditionally said to be committing adultery and living in mortal sin and therefore ineligible to participate according to official church law. A footnote in Amoris laetitia was seen as allowing that under some circumstances. Burke said that if divorced and remarried Catholics were permitted to receive the eucharist, "then the Church's teaching on marriage is finished."

The four cardinals submitted the dubia in private, followed by a public letter ("Seeking Clarity: A Plea to Untie the Knots in Amoris Laetitia") in November 2016, asking Francis to clarify various points of doctrine. The first dubia asked about the reception of the sacraments by the divorced and remarried. The public letter asked about fundamental issues of the Christian life and referenced John Paul II's encyclical Veritatis splendor. In April 2017, following no reply to their letter, the cardinals requested a meeting with Francis, but received no response.

On April 7, 2018, Burke, along with Brandmüller and Schneider, participated in a conference rejecting the outline proposed by German bishops to allow divorced and remarried Catholics to receive the eucharist. Citing chapter 19 of the Gospel of Matthew, Burke disputed the notion that anyone, including the pope, had the authority to accept divorced and remarried Catholics as full members of the church. During the conference, Burke expressed the belief that a "public correction" of a pope in error can take place after a private one has been ignored or rejected. "As a matter of duty, the pope can be disobeyed," Burke said. He added that "the Roman pontiff can dispense with the law only for the purpose of preserving its purpose, and never for subverting it."

In an interview with Crux Now on September 6, Burke said that he shared fellow dubia signatory Caffarra's "profound sadness" that the dubia never received a response, and wondered whether such sadness contributed to his death. "The dubia must have a response sooner or later," Burke said. "It's a simple response: Yes or no. That's all. It's not complicated."

Palliative care and euthanasia

At a July 23, 2011, Burke spoke at a conference in Kansas City, Kansas, on end-of-life care, sponsored by the St. Gianna Physician's Guild. He said that suffering does not cause a person to have less meaning in his life, nor does it give the government the right to decide if that person should live or die:

"No matter how much a life is diminished, no matter what suffering the person is undergoing, that life demands the greatest respect and care. It's never right to snuff out a life because it's in some way under heavy burden."

SSPX reintegration

In 2012, during negotiations between the traditionalist Society of Saint Pius X (SSPX), which was in a canonically irregular status with the Holy See, Burke expressed optimism that the Society's members would reconcile themselves with the Vatican. He referred to the Society's members as people who "have the Catholic faith and the love of the sacred liturgy."

The talks with SSPX eventually failed. In July 2017, Burke said that SSPX was "in schism" and that it was "not legitimate to attend Mass or to receive the sacraments in a church" of theirs, and that faithful Catholics should avoid SSPX liturgies. He criticized Francis's openness towards SSPX, stating that "There is no canonical explanation for it, and it is simply an anomaly", because while they were not excommunicated, they also were not in full communion with the Catholic Church.

Traditional mass

In Summorum Pontificum, a July 2007 apostolic letter, Pope Benedict XVI authorized wider use of the Traditional Mass in Catholic churches. This mass had been largely superseded after the reforms in the 1960s of the Second Vatican Council and the introduction of the mass of Paul VI (Novus Ordo). Burke supported the restoration of all or some parts of the traditional mass. He termed it as part of a "reform of the reform", modifying what he sees as deficiencies in the implementation of the newer Mass of Paul VI. In 2012, Burke said the following regarding the liturgical changes that took place after the Second Vatican Council:

There was a stripping away, a changing of the form of the rite that in my judgment was too much. You can't take a living reality, the worship of God as God has desired that we worship him, and tamper with it without doing violence and without in some way damaging the faith life of the people.

In a 2017 interview with the Catholic Herald, Burke referred to Summorum Pontificum as "the most splendid contribution of the pontificate of Pope Benedict XVI". Over the years, Burke has frequently offered the traditional form of the Mass, including regularly performing ordinations for the ICKSP and the Priestly Fraternity of Saint Peter, both traditionalist groups whose priests offer only the older form of the Mass.

In March 2011, Burke said that too many priests and bishops treat violations of liturgical norms as something that is unimportant, when they are actually "serious abuses" that damage the faith of Catholics. He criticized a perceived lack of reverence in the way the modern liturgy is sometimes conducted, stating "If we err by thinking we are the center of the liturgy, the Mass will lead to a loss of faith." At the same time, Burke is known to wear lavish regalia and "is one of the few cardinals who dons cappa magnas, the long trains of watered silk that can look like scarlet lava flowing down from his throne" as well as "velvet gloves and extravagant brocades.

In a 2015 interview, Burke reiterated his concern that man has become center of mass, saying that "In many places the Mass became very priest‑centered, it was like the 'priest show.' This type of abuse leads to a loss of the sense of the sacred, taking the essential mystery out of the Mass. The reality of Christ Himself coming down on the altar to make present His sacrifice on Calvary gets lost." Burke blamed modernization of the liturgy after the Second Vatican Council for declining Mass attendance.

"In some cases it actually became hard for people to bear because of illicit insertions, foreign agendas, and imposition of the personalities of priests and congregations into the liturgy to the point that people began to think that the Mass was some sort of social activity...If one understands what the Mass truly is — Christ Himself coming down from Heaven to renew the sacrifice of Calvary — how could you possibly not be there on Sunday?" he asked.

Burke condemned Traditionis custodes, a July 2021 motu proprio issued by Francis which effectively reversed Summorum Pontificum by placing limits on priests offering the Traditional Form of the Mass. Burke said that he could not understand the document's assertion that the Novus Ordo form represented the "unique expression" of the Roman Rite of the Mass, because the Traditional Form "is a living form of the Roman Rite and has never ceased to be so". While Francis described the traditional mass as something that had become a tool to promote schism in Christianity, Burke said that he had not seen such tendencies in practice. He alleged that Francis' document was "marked by harshness" towards those who attend mass in the older form and criticized the fact that it took effect immediately, which in his view did not give adequate time for those affected to study its meaning. Burke stated that Francis did not have the authority to eliminate the traditional mass.

Antinomianism

The 2012 Synod of Bishops meeting focused on "The New Evangelization". In written comments to the synod, Burke criticized "antinomianism", the belief that grace exempts Christians from obedience to moral law, stating that it is "among the most serious wounds of society today," and is responsible for the legalization of "intrinsically evil" actions such as abortion, embryonic stem-cell research, euthanasia, and same-sex marriage.

Islam and immigration

In a 2016 interview, Burke said there is "no question that Islam wants to govern the world" and that he feared "being forcibly under an Islamic government". In his subsequent book, Hope for the World: To Unite All Things in Christ, Burke says:

Islam is a religion that, according to its own interpretation, must also become the State. The Koran, and the authentic interpretations of it given by various experts in Koranic law, is destined to govern the world. ... In reality, there is no place for other religions, even though they may be tolerated as long as Islam has not succeeded in establishing its sovereignty over the nations and over the world.

Archbishop Diarmuid Martin of Dublin said that Burke's remarks were unhelpful at a time when Europe was still wavering in the aftermath of a series of terror attacks.

Before the 2016 United States presidential election, Burke met with Steve Bannon, a close advisor to Donald Trump. The pair met several more times, and Burke was for years a strong ally of Bannon. In 2013, Burke was named president of the board of advisers to Bannon's Dignitatis Humanae Institute, an academy set up by Bannon to train right-wing Catholic activists. In 2019, however, Burke resigned from the board and cut ties with Bannon because of the latter's stated intent to make a film adaptation of Frederic Martel's work In the Closet of the Vatican. Burke said that "I disagree completely with a number of Mr. Bannon's statements regarding the doctrine and discipline of the Roman Catholic Church."

In February 2017, after Trump was elected president, Burke said that he did not "think the new president be inspired by hatred in his treatment of the issue of immigration." In 2017, Burke met with the right-wing Italian nationalist Matteo Salvini, head of Italy's Northern League and an opponent of Francis on immigration and dialogue with Muslims.

In 2018, Burke condemned the family separation policy of the Trump administration, saying, "A solution to the situation has to be found which avoids this practice of separating small children from their parents, that's clear."

In May 2019, Burke said that "to resist large-scale Muslim immigration in my judgment is to be responsible" and "a responsible exercise of one's patriotism"; he cited a book called No Go Zones: How Sharia Law is Coming to a Neighborhood Near You, by former Breitbart News reporter Raheem Kassam, in support of his contention that immigration of Muslims to Europe and the U.S. was harmful. Burke said that Muslim immigration was because Christians were "no longer ready to defend the moral law" and expressed fears of demographic shift because "Christians are not reproducing themselves."

Clergy sex abuse

In 2018, Burke described ongoing sex abuse scandals in the church as "an apostasy from the faith". He added that "principally, it starts with the idea that there can be legitimate sexual activity outside of marriage, which of course is false, completely false". Burke called for prayer and acts of reparation in the midst of the crisis. In 2019, Burke said that "lay faithful who are well-prepared" in dealing with sexual abuse cases "should be called upon to investigate and help get to the bottom of" the church's clergy abuse problem, while also stating that any group of people investigating abuse cases must ultimately report and answer to the pope.

In 2019, Burke was reported to have received, together with other influential U.S. Catholic leaders, substantial monetary gifts from West Virginia bishop Michael J. Bransfield, who had resigned following allegations of sexual misconduct. The gifts had been reimbursed by the diocese. Burke said that the gifts that he received were "generous" but "not lavish," and that he had used them to make charitable donations.

COVID-19 and vaccine

In December 2020, Burke criticized global responses related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Referring to it as "the mysterious Wuhan virus", he said that the virus is being used by "certain forces ... to advance their evil agenda" and to force people to become "subjects of the so-called 'Great Reset,' the 'new normal,' which is dictated to us by their manipulation of citizens and nations through ignorance and fear."

In 2021, Burke raised objections to COVID-19 vaccination. He has denounced vaccine mandates and compared them to "state-mandated microchipping". Burke stated that the setting of vaccine mandates "violates the integrity of" citizens. In December 2020, referring to COVID-19 vaccine development, Burke said that the use of fetal tissue in vaccine development is "rightly abhorrent," saying it is "never morally justified to develop a vaccine through the use of the cell lines of aborted fetuses." The Vatican ruled in December 2020 that "when ethically irreproachable COVID-19 vaccines are not available (e.g. in countries where vaccines without ethical problems are not made available to physicians and patients, or where their distribution is more difficult due to special storage and transport conditions, or when various types of vaccines are distributed in the same country but health authorities do not allow citizens to choose the vaccine with which to be inoculated) it is morally acceptable to receive COVID-19 vaccines that have used cell lines from aborted fetuses in their research and production process." Burke has also criticized social distancing.

In August 2021, Burke announced he had tested positive for COVID-19; he was hospitalized and placed on a ventilator for several days. On August 28, Burke said that he had been transferred out of the intensive care unit and that his health condition was improving. On September 26, Burke announced that he been moved from the hospital and was making slow but steady progress in his rehabilitation from COVID-19 and he hoped to be able to resume normal duties in several weeks.

Synod on Synodality

On July 10, 2023, Burke was one of five cardinals who signed a letter to Francis expressing concerns that the upcoming Synod on Synodality would undermine traditional Church teaching, particularly on matters related to sexuality, the role of synodality in the Church, the issue of whether teaching could change with time, and the ordaining of women as priests. The letter posed a series of questions which the Pope was asked to clarify. Francis responded one day later. The cardinals found his response unsatisfactory, and wrote him a second letter, dated August 21, in which they rephrased their questions so that they could be answered simply as "yes" or "no." Francis did not respond, and in October, the cardinals made their letters public.

Honors

During his tenure in St. Louis, Burke was awarded honorary doctorates in humane letters by two US Catholic universities, Ave Maria University in Ave Maria, Florida, in 2005, and Christendom College in Front Royal, Virginia, in 2007.

Archbishop Robert Carlson of St. Louis created the Raymond Leo Cardinal Burke Chair in Canon Law at St. Louis's Kenrick-Glennon Seminary. In May 2011, the Franciscan University of Steubenville in Steubenville, Ohio, awarded Burke an honorary doctorate.

In 2012, St. Mary's Parish School, which Burke attended as a child, named an addition as he Raymond Cardinal Burke Annex. Aquinas High School in La Crosse (where Burke served on the faculty) named a new addition the Bishop Burke Hall in 1997 and the Cardinal Burke Hall in 2011.

Selected works

Lack of discretion of judgment because of schizophrenia: doctrine and recent rotal jurisprudence, Doctoral Dissertation, (Rome: Pontificia Università Gregoriana, 1986). See also "Defectus discretionis iudicii propter schizophreniam: Doctrina et recens iurisprudentia," Periodica, 73 (1984): 555–570; and "Lack of Discretion of Judgment: Canonical Doctrine and Legislation," in The Jurist, 45 (1985): 171–209.
"Canon 1095, 1° and 2°," in Incapacity for marriage: Jurisprudence and Interpretation, Acts of the III Gregorian Collguium, Robert M. Sable, coordinator and editor (Rome: Pontificia Università Gregoriana, 1987).
"La procedura amministrativa per la dichiarazione di nullità del matrimonio," in I procedimenti speciali nel diritto canonico, Studi giuridici 27 (Vatican City: Libreria editrice Vaticana, 1992), 93–105.
"Il processo di dispensa dal matrimonio rato e non consummato: la grazia pontificia e la sua natura," in I procedimenti speciali nel diritto canonico, Studi giuridici 27 (Vatican City: Libreria editrice Vaticana, 1992), 135–144.
"The Application of Canon 1095 and sacramental-pastoral activity concerning marriage," in Ius in vita et in missione Ecclesiæ, Acta Symposii internationalis iuris canonici occurrente X anniversario promulgationis Codicis iuris canonici diebus 19–24 aprilis 1993 in Civitate Vaticana celebrati, Pontificia Concilium de legum textibus interpretandis (Vatican City: Libreria editrice Vaticana, 1994), 1095–1102.
"The Distinction of Personnel in Hierarchically Related Tribunals," in Studia canonica, 28 (1994): 85–98.
"Canon 1421: The Nullity of a Decision by a Single Lay Judge," in Arthur J. Espelage, OFM (ed.), CLSA Advisory Opinions 1994–2000 (Washington, DC: CLSA, 2002), 451–452.
"Canons 1421–1422 and 1435–1436: The Exercise of the Office of Judge or Defender of the Bond by a Priest on Leave of Absence from Priestly Ministry," in Arthur J. Espelage, OFM (ed.), CLSA Advisory Opinions 1994–2000 (Washington, DC: CLSA, 2002), 453–454.
"La "confessio iudicialis" e le dichiarizioni giudiziali delle parti," in I mezzi di prova nelle cause matrimoniali secondo la giurisprudenza rotale, Studi Giuridici XXXVIII (Vatican City: Libreria editrice Vaticana, 1995), 15–30.
"Commentary on the July 12, 1993, Decree of the Apostolic Signatura relating to the qualifications of advocates," in Canadian Canon Law Society Newsletter, 21 (1996): 9–13; for Spanish translation see: "Abogados, uniones matrimoniales irregulares y causas de nulidad matrimonial: Texto y comentario de una Respuesta de Tribunal Supremo de la Signatura Apostolica," in REDC, 51 (1994): 639–645.
"Canon Law at the Service of the New Evangelization," given on the occasion of receiving the Role of Law Award from the Canon Law Society of America, in Canon Law Society of America Proceedings, 62 (2000): 497–500; introductory remarks of gratitude, 495–496.
"On Our Civic Responsibility for the Common Good," (Saint Louis: Archdiocese of Saint Louis, 2004).
"Canon 915: The Discipline Regarding the Denial of Holy Communion to Those Obstinately Persevering in Manifest Grave Sin," in Periodica, 96 (2007): 3–58.
Divine Love Made Flesh: The Holy Eucharist as the Sacrament of Charity. San Diego: Catholic Action. 2012. ISBN 978-0981631424.
Hope for the World: To Unite All Things in Christ. San Francisco: Ignatius Press. 2016. ISBN 978-1621641162.

References

"Raymond Leo Cardinal Burke". Archdiocese of St. Louis. Archived from the original on July 18, 2011. Retrieved August 17, 2016.
Silk, Mark (September 9, 2015). "Cardinal Burke attacks Pope Francis' Reforms". Religion News. Archived from the original on August 26, 2016. Retrieved August 17, 2016.
Rocca, Francis X. (November 10, 2014). "Thousands sign petition thanking Cardinal Burke". The Catholic Herald. Archived from the original on July 1, 2016. Retrieved August 24, 2018.
^ Rocca, Francis X. (July 6, 2012). "For Cardinal Burke, restoring tradition is a work in progress". Catholic News Service. Archived from the original on August 8, 2018. Retrieved August 7, 2018.
Inés San Martín (March 8, 2017). "Pope Francis: 'I do not see Cardinal Burke as an enemy'". Crux. Archived from the original on March 9, 2017. Retrieved May 18, 2017. Cardinal Raymond Burke, seen as the leader of the pope's conservative opposition.
Catherine Pepinster (March 4, 2017). "Civil war in the Vatican as conservatives battle Francis for the soul of Catholicism". theguardian.com. Archived from the original on May 18, 2017. Retrieved May 18, 2017. Cardinal Raymond Burke, an arch-conservative American canon lawyer.
Lamb, Christopher (November 12, 2016). "Cardinal Burke 'very happy' with election of Trump saying president-elect 'undoubtedly' preferable to Clinton". The Tablet. Archived from the original on November 12, 2020. Retrieved December 20, 2020.
Joyce, Kathryn (October 30, 2020). "Deep State, Deep Church: How QAnon and Trumpism Have Infected the Catholic Church". Vanity Fair. Archived from the original on April 30, 2021. Retrieved December 20, 2020.
Gibson, David (August 22, 2016). "Cardinal Burke insists he is serving Francis, not opposing him". National Catholic Reporter. Religion News Service. Archived from the original on February 9, 2019. Retrieved February 9, 2019.
Douthat, Ross (November 9, 2019). "Cardinal Burke: 'I'm Called the Enemy of the Pope, Which I Am Not'". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 10, 2019. Retrieved April 2, 2020.
^ Cascioli, Riccardo (April 17, 2015). "Cardinal Burke Responds to Recent Criticisms". National Catholic Register. Archived from the original on August 23, 2017. Retrieved September 9, 2019.
^ "Editorial: Cardinal Burke is a living symbol of a failed version of church". National Catholic Reporter. July 31, 2019. Archived from the original on August 1, 2019. Retrieved September 8, 2019.
^ Chretien, Claire (November 24, 2016). "Cardinals Burke, Pell officially removed from Congregation for Divine Worship". California Catholic Daily. Archived from the original on December 21, 2016. Retrieved August 20, 2018.
^ Niccolò Mazzarino e Veronica Sansonetti (February 6, 2017). "Ordine di Malta, ecco come e perché il cardinale Burke è stato esautorato". Formiche.net. Archived from the original on February 6, 2017. Retrieved February 6, 2017.
^ Davis, Michael Warren (November 15, 2018). "Are tensions rising between the Vatican and Cardinal Burke?". The Catholic Herald. Archived from the original on July 30, 2019. Retrieved November 13, 2019.
^ Horowitz, Jason; Graham, Ruth (November 28, 2023). "Reports Say Pope Francis Is Evicting U.S. Cardinal From His Vatican Home". The New York Times. Retrieved November 28, 2023.
"BURKE Card. Raymond Leo". Vatican Press. Archived from the original on April 5, 2017. Retrieved August 8, 2018.
Fitzgerald, Sheila (July 15, 2010). "Senior Vatican figure 'comes home' to Cullen". The Corfman. Archived from the original on August 8, 2018. Retrieved August 8, 2018.
^ "Cardinal Burke blesses, breaks ground for school addition in Richland Center", The Catholic Times (Diocese of La Crosse), Joseph O' Brien, August 9, 2012, p. 11.
^ "St. Mary of the Assumption Catholic School – Witness the Difference!". Saint Marys of Richland Center. Archived from the original on June 26, 2019. Retrieved June 26, 2019 – via stmarysrc.com.
"Basselin Program | Theological College". Retrieved December 18, 2023.
^ "Pope appoints Bishop Raymond Burke as new Archbishop of St. Louis". Catholic News Agency. December 2, 2003. Archived from the original on August 8, 2018. Retrieved August 8, 2018.
"The '75 NACers, St. Joseph, and me". The Pillar. March 19, 2024. Retrieved March 20, 2024.
^ "Mission & History-Aquinas High School". Aquinas High School. Archived from the original on April 28, 2014. Retrieved August 24, 2018.
^ "Cardinal Burke at Aquinas today", La Crosse (WI), Tribune, January 5, 2011.
^ "Cardinal Burke celebrates Mass at Aquinas High School-ACS rededicates Aquinas addition as Cardinal Burke Hall", Joseph O'Brien, The Catholic Times (Diocese of La Crosse), January 13, 2011, p. 3.
"Raymond Leo Cardinal Burke". Catholic-Hierarchy.org. David M. Cheney. Retrieved September 10, 2019.
Synod V, acts: celebrated June 11–14, 2000. La Crosse, Wis.: Diocese of La Crosse, 2003.
"History Of The Canons". Canons Regular of the New Jerusalem. Archived from the original on September 9, 2018. Retrieved September 4, 2018.
^ Harris, Ron (December 7, 2003). "Bishop Burke doesn't mind 'taking the heat'". La Crosse Tribune. Archived from the original on July 10, 2018.
Gay, Malcolm (August 25, 2004). "Bishop Takes Queen". Riverfront Times. Archived from the original on April 30, 2015.
"Burke named archbishop of St. Louis", La Crosse Tribune. Archived December 21, 2004, at the Wayback Machine
"Burke bids farewell", La Crosse Tribune. Archived August 18, 2004, at the Wayback Machine
^ "First ordinations in the United States" Archived December 20, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, institute-christ-king.org newsletter, p. 2, July 2007.
Furcht, Leo; Hoffman, William (2011). The Stem Cell Dilemma: The Scientific Breakthroughs, Ethical Concerns, Political Tensions, and Hope Surrounding Stem Cell Research (2nd ed.). New York: Arcade Publishing. ISBN 9781628721812.
^ Gay, Malcolm (March 17, 2012). "Defiant St. Louis Church Wins Archdiocese Suit". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 11, 2014. Retrieved November 10, 2014.
"Rinunce e Nomine, 08.07.2006" (Press release) (in Italian). Press Office of the Holy See. July 8, 2006. Archived from the original on September 30, 2017. Retrieved October 5, 2017.
"Pope appoints Burke to two high church offices He'll help interpret church law and help regulated training of priests and deacons", Tim Townsend, St. Louis Post-Dispatch, May 7, 2008.
"Rinunce e Nomine, 27.06.2008" [Resignations and Appointments, 27.06.2008] (Press release) (in Italian). Holy See Press Office. June 27, 2008. B0433/01017-01.01. Archived from the original on September 13, 2017. Retrieved October 10, 2017.
"Archbishop Burke appointed to head Vatican's 'bar association' " Catholic News Agency, October 8, 2008.
Martin, S.J., Fr. James (October 19, 2009). "Archbishop Burke Named to Congregation of Bishops". America Magazine. Archived from the original on June 12, 2011. Retrieved August 17, 2018.
"Rinunce e Nomine, 06.07.2010" [Resignations and Appointments, 06.07.2010] (Press release) (in Italian). Holy See Press Office. July 6, 2010. B0448/01014-01.01. Retrieved February 22, 2023.
"Rinunce e Nomine, 24.07.2010" [Resignations and Appointments, 24.07.2010] (Press release) (in Italian). Holy See Press Office. July 24, 2020. B0469/01067-01.01. Retrieved February 22, 2023.
Nomina di membri del Consiglio di Cardinali e Vescovi della Sezione per i Rapporti con gli Stati della Segreteria di Stato Archived March 6, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
Thavis, John, "Vatican defends efforts by pope, church to curb sex abuse by priests Archived 2017-11-10 at the Wayback Machine", Catholic News Service, March 14, 2010.
"Cardinals Take Possession Of Diaconate, Titular Churches Archived 2012-10-07 at the Wayback Machine", EWTN News, February 1, 2011.
Holy See Press Office. "XIII Ordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, 7–28 OCTOBER 2012 Archived 13 October 2012 at the Wayback Machine".
Bunson, Matthew (February 20, 2013). "11 U.S. cardinals will enter conclave to elect pope". Our Sunday Visitor. Archived from the original on October 4, 2017. Retrieved October 3, 2017.
Allen, John L. Jr. (December 16, 2013). "Wuerl named to bishops' panel; Burke not confirmed". National Catholic Reporter. Archived from the original on October 6, 2017. Retrieved October 6, 2017.
Hitchens, Dan (August 31, 2018). "Pope Francis and McCarrick: where does the evidence lead?". Catholic Herald. Archived from the original on September 6, 2018. Retrieved September 9, 2018.
"Concistoro Ordinario Pubblico per il Voto su alcune Cause di Canonizzazione, 03.05.2021" (Press release) (in Italian). Holy See Press Office. May 3, 2021. Archived from the original on May 3, 2021. Retrieved May 3, 2021.
^ "Cardinal says Church under Francis like rudderless ship". CathNews New Zealand. November 4, 2014. Archived from the original on August 10, 2018. Retrieved August 17, 2018.
Pentin, Edward (November 8, 2014). "Cardinal Burke to Malta, Mamberti to Apostolic Signatura". Archived from the original on November 11, 2014. Retrieved November 9, 2014.
Pullella, Philip (November 8, 2014). "Pope demotes outspoken American conservative cardinal". Reuters. Archived from the original on October 9, 2015. Retrieved August 20, 2018.
Desmond, Joan Frawley. "Daily News: Cardinal Burke Officially Transferred From Apostolic Signatura". National Catholic Register. Archived from the original on December 24, 2014. Retrieved January 3, 2015.
Rocca, Francis Xavier (November 8, 2014). "Pope removes Cardinal Burke from Vatican post". Catholic News Service. Archived from the original on November 8, 2014. Retrieved November 8, 2014.
"The Pope's Unforced Error, His demotion of Cardinal Burke, a loyal but eloquent critic, could turn out to be his greatest mistake Archived 2014-11-13 at the Wayback Machine". National Review, pp. 1–2.
O'Loughlin, Michael (December 7, 2014). "Pope Francis: Demotion of Burke not 'punishment'". Crux. Archived from the original on January 12, 2015. Retrieved January 22, 2015.
"Rinunce e nomine, 26.09.2015" (Press release) (in Italian). Holy See Press office. September 26, 2015. Archived from the original on September 27, 2015. Retrieved October 13, 2017.
"Cardinals Caffarra, Burke Named to Congregation for Saints' Causes". Zenit. September 26, 2015. Archived from the original on December 1, 2015. Retrieved October 13, 2017.
Winfield, Nicole (January 2017). "How condoms in Myanmar started a Catholic court battle in Rome". Dallas News. Archived from the original on November 19, 2018. Retrieved November 21, 2018.
"Pope re-ups Cardinal Raymond Burke at Vatican's supreme court". Crux Now. September 30, 2017. Archived from the original on November 19, 2018. Retrieved November 21, 2018.
Lamb, Christopher (February 16, 2017). "Burke Pursues Justice Mission 7,000 Miles from Rome". The Tablet. Archived from the original on February 16, 2017. Retrieved February 17, 2017.
Collins, Charles (March 19, 2018). "Archbishop says "new journey" for Guam after predecessor convicted of sex abuse". Crux. Archived from the original on August 8, 2018. Retrieved August 8, 2018.
Brickhaus, Hannah (September 30, 2017). "Pope Francis re-names Cardinal Burke to Vatican's highest court". Catholic News Agency. Archived from the original on October 1, 2017. Retrieved September 30, 2017.
"Pope Francis reappoints Cardinal Burke to Apostolic Signatura". Catholic Herald. September 30, 2017. Archived from the original on September 30, 2017. Retrieved September 30, 2017.
"Rinunce e nomine, 19.06.2023" (Press release) (in Italian). Holy See Press Office. June 19, 2023. Retrieved June 19, 2023.
Condon, Ed (June 21, 2023). "Why Cardinal Ghirlanda became patron of the Knights of Malta". The Pillar. Retrieved August 30, 2023.
Feder, J. Lester (November 16, 2016). "This Is How Steve Bannon Sees The Entire World". Buzzfeed. Archived from the original on July 9, 2018. Retrieved August 20, 2018.
"Cardinal Burke cuts ties with institute, citing its alignment with Bannon". Crux. Catholic News Service. June 25, 2019. Archived from the original on July 2, 2019. Retrieved July 2, 2019 – via cruxnow.com.
"Holy League | Cardinal Burke – Holy League Announcement March 7th, 2015". Retrieved November 9, 2024.
Silk, Mark (September 20, 2023). "The new Americanism heresy". Religion News Service. Retrieved November 30, 2023.
Graham, Ruth (November 30, 2023). "In the American Church, the Pope Has Critics Among Leaders and Laypeople". The New York Times. Retrieved November 30, 2023.
^ "Interview With Cardinal Burke... Be Transformed And Put On The Mind Of Christ". January 10, 2019. Archived from the original on January 13, 2019. Retrieved January 12, 2019.
^ Pentin, Edward (June 10, 2019). "New 'Declaration of Truths' Affirms Key Church Teachings". June 20, 2019. Archived from the original on June 20, 2019. Retrieved June 20, 2019. Cite error: The named reference "NCREG6102019" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
^ Allen, John L. Jr. (February 13, 2017). "A dose of reality about the Steve Bannon/Cardinal Burke axis". Crux Now. Archived from the original on September 10, 2018. Retrieved September 9, 2018.
Distant, Daniel; Reporter, Christian Post (December 18, 2013). "Cardinal Raymond Burke Replaced by Pope Francis: Conservatives Out, Moderates In". www.christianpost.com. Retrieved November 9, 2024.
Burke, Raymond Leo, "The Pope's radical call to the new evangelization Archived 2014-03-10 at the Wayback Machine", L'Osservatore Romano, February 21, 2014.
Pentin, Edward, "Cardinal Burke Praises Pope Francis' Efforts to Re-Christianize the West Archived 2014-03-07 at the Wayback Machine", National Catholic Register, February 25, 2014.
San Martín, Inés (March 8, 2017). "Pope Francis: 'I do not see Cardinal Burke as an enemy'". Crux Now. Archived from the original on June 13, 2019. Retrieved September 7, 2019.
"Cardinal concerned by new Church stance advanced at Synod". Raidió Teilifís Éireann. October 14, 2014. Archived from the original on July 9, 2018. Retrieved August 7, 2018.
Hall, J. Lester Feder, Ellie (October 17, 2014). "Conservative Cardinal Who Clashed With Pope Francis Confirms He Has Been Ousted". BuzzFeed News. Retrieved November 9, 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Pentin, Edward (September 12, 2019). "Cardinal Burke, Bishop Schneider Announce Crusade of Prayer and Fasting". National Catholic Register. Archived from the original on September 13, 2019. Retrieved September 13, 2019.
Leonard, Christopher, "Archbishop Blasts Sheryl Crow Appearance Archived 2017-11-07 at the Wayback Machine", The Washington Post, April 25, 2007.
Palmo, Rocco, Burke's Plea: No Crow Archived January 8, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Whispers in the Loggia, April 25, 2007.
"CNS STORY: Archbishop Burke says he'll continue politics-abortion cam…". archive.ph. January 2, 2013. Retrieved November 9, 2024.
"St. Louis prelate says voting for candidate who backs abortion a sin", Catholic News Service, June 4, 2004.
Wooden, Cindy (September 29, 2008). "CNS STORY: U.S. archbishop at Vatican says Democrats becoming 'party of death'". Catholic News Service. Archived from the original on January 20, 2013. Retrieved August 20, 2018.
^ "Archbishop says Majerus should be disciplined", St. Louis Post-Dispatch, January 22, 2008. Archived May 23, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
^ Fox, Thomas C. (March 26, 2009). "Vatican official chides U.S. bishops on abortion". National Catholic Reporter. Archived from the original on March 29, 2009. Retrieved March 28, 2009. (Video of the interview)
Fox, Thomas C. (March 26, 2009). "Burke apologizes for remarks critical of U.S. bishops". National Catholic Reporter. Archived from the original on March 29, 2009. Retrieved March 28, 2009.
"Archbishop Burke: Catholics could not have voted for Obama with 'clear conscience'". Catholic News Agency. May 13, 2009. Archived from the original on August 8, 2018. Retrieved August 8, 2018.
Byrne, Luke, "Priests told: deny communion to TDs who support abortion Archived 2013-03-22 at the Wayback Machine", The Independent, February 6, 2013.
"Cardinal Burke: Biden should not receive Holy Communion". Catholic News Agency. September 29, 2020. Archived from the original on February 12, 2021. Retrieved August 14, 2021.
^ Kirchgaessner, Stephanie (February 5, 2017). "US cardinal Raymond Burke stokes papal tensions by meeting nationalist in Rome". The Guardian. Archived from the original on May 17, 2017. Retrieved May 18, 2017.
Wulfsohn, Joseph A. (August 9, 2019). "Raymond Leo Cardinal Burke weighs in on 2020 Dems, calls out Biden, Harris". Fox News. Archived from the original on August 9, 2019. Retrieved August 10, 2019.
Fox, Thomas C. (July 2, 2008). "Community supports ousted nun". National Catholic Reporter. Archived from the original on August 12, 2018. Retrieved August 11, 2018.
Barthel, Joan, "Involved laity and determined pastor rebuild St. Louis parish Archived 2012-02-19 at the Wayback Machine", National Catholic Reporter, February 15, 2012.
^ McGough, Michael, "Opinion Cardinal Burke: Serving at Mass is a 'manly' job" Archived January 11, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, LA Times, January 9, 2015.
^ Christoff, Matthew James (January 5, 2015). "Cardinal Raymond Leo Burke on the Catholic "Man-crisis" and what to do about it". The New Emangelization. Archived from the original on January 8, 2015. Retrieved January 8, 2015.
margeryeagan, "The Church has a problem with women? Really?" Archived October 2, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Crux, January 8, 2015.
^ Eleftheriou-Smith, Loulla-Mae (January 12, 2015). "American Cardinal Raymond Leo Burke blames paedophile priests on 'radical feminists'". The Independent. Archived from the original on August 10, 2018. Retrieved August 11, 2018.
"Catholic Synod: Cardinal 'demoted' by Pope Francis". BBC. Archived from the original on October 18, 2014. Retrieved October 18, 2014.
^ "Interview With Cardinal Burke... Insights On The Church And Modern Society". The Wanderer. November 10, 2013. Archived from the original on December 23, 2016. Retrieved December 22, 2016.
Blumberg, Antonia (October 10, 2014). "Cardinal Raymond Burke Takes Break From Vatican Synod To Say Ugly Things About Gay Relationships". The Huffington Post. Archived from the original on December 22, 2016. Retrieved August 17, 2018.
Hudson, David, "Cardinal says gay couples shouldn't be invited to family gatherings if children are present" Archived October 21, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, gaystarnews.com, October 11, 2014.
Backler, Katherine; Dodd, Liz (May 28, 2015). "Ireland 'worse than the pagans' for legalising gay marriage, says senior cardinal". The Tablet. Archived from the original on October 7, 2017. Retrieved October 6, 2017.
Kelly, Michael (June 3, 2015). "Irish Church leader distances himself from Cardinal Burke's comments on marriage referendum". Catholic Herald. Archived from the original on October 7, 2017. Retrieved October 6, 2017.
^ "Cardinal Burke renews attack on 'Pope's theologian' Kasper". The Tablet. April 30, 2015. Archived from the original on August 6, 2017. Retrieved August 14, 2018.
Pentin, Edward (August 8, 2017). "Cardinal Burke's 10 Ways to Overcome Crisis of Confusion, Division in the Church". National Catholic Register. Archived from the original on October 7, 2017. Retrieved October 6, 2017.
"Catholic cardinals urge end of 'homosexual agenda'". BBC. February 20, 2019. Archived from the original on February 21, 2019. Retrieved February 24, 2019.
Blumberg, Antonia, "Cardinal Raymond Burke Takes Break From Vatican Synod To Say Ugly Things About Gay Relationships" Archived October 22, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, The Huffington Post, October 14, 2014. Retrieved November 9, 2014.
"Four cardinals seek audience with Pope over doctrinal 'confusion'". Catholic Herald. June 20, 2017. Archived from the original on August 10, 2018. Retrieved August 10, 2018.
Pentin, Edward (November 14, 2016). "Four Cardinals Formally Ask Pope for Clarity on 'Amoris Laetitia'". National Catholic Register. Archived from the original on November 15, 2016. Retrieved November 15, 2016.
McElwee, Joshua J. (November 14, 2016). "Four cardinals openly challenge Francis over 'Amoris Laetitia'". National Catholic Reporter. Archived from the original on November 15, 2016. Retrieved November 15, 2016.
Pentin, Edward (November 14, 2016). "Full Text and Explanatory Notes of Cardinals' Questions on 'Amoris Laetitia'". National Catholic Register. Archived from the original on September 11, 2019. Retrieved September 10, 2019.
Pentin, Edward (June 19, 2017). "Dubia Cardinals Seek Papal Audience". National Catholic Register. Archived from the original on August 10, 2018. Retrieved August 10, 2018.>
Allen, John; Giangravé, Claire (April 7, 2018). "Amoris' critics at Rome summit beg pope, bishops, 'Confirm us in the faith!'". Crux Now. Archived from the original on August 10, 2018. Retrieved August 9, 2018.
Winfield, Nicole (September 6, 2018). "US cardinal, critic of pope, still waiting for answers". Crux Now. Archived from the original on September 6, 2018. Retrieved September 6, 2018.
CNA. "Cardinal Burke: suffering does not rid life of purpose". Catholic News Agency. Retrieved November 9, 2024.
Rocca, Francis X., "Cardinal Burke optimistic on reconciliation with SSPX Archived 2017-12-02 at the Wayback Machine". Catholic News Service, June 15, 2012.
Niles, Christine (October 2, 2017). "Cdl Burke: SSPX in Schism". Archived from the original on July 9, 2018. Retrieved August 20, 2018.
Bryon, Susan (September 4, 2017). "Cardinal Burke offers Pontifical High Mass in Glasgow parish church". Catholic Herald. Archived from the original on August 13, 2018. Retrieved August 13, 2018.
Brende, Eric (May 17, 2017). "No One Expects the Inquisition: My Adventures with Cardinal Burke & the ICKSP". Commonweal. Archived from the original on August 8, 2018. Retrieved August 7, 2018.
Dipippio, Gregory (July 6, 2017). "FSSP Ordinations in Germany with Cardinal Burke". New Liturgical Movement. Archived from the original on August 8, 2018. Retrieved August 7, 2018.
Wooden, Cindy (March 3, 2011). "Vatican officials say bad Masses lead to weak faith". Catholic News Service. U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops. Catholic News Service. Archived from the original on June 26, 2019. Retrieved September 6, 2018 – via www.catholicnews.com.
Wooden, Cindy (March 3, 2011). "Cardinals: liturgical abuse weakens the faith". The Catholic Herald. Archived from the original on August 27, 2018. Retrieved September 6, 2018.
Horowitz, Jason (March 18, 2023). "What does a pope like to wear? Francis keeps it simple". The Washington Post. Retrieved November 29, 2023.
Pentin, Edward (July 16, 2021). "Latin Mass Supporters React With Dismay to Pope's Severe New Restrictions". National Catholic Register. Archived from the original on July 17, 2021. Retrieved July 16, 2021.
Bermudez, Alejandro (July 23, 2021). "Cardinal Burke Questions the Authority of Pope Francis to Eliminate the Traditional Latin Mass". National Catholic Register. Archived from the original on July 23, 2021. Retrieved July 23, 2021.
"Cardinal Burke: Vatican II betrayed by breakdown of church discipline Archived 2016-08-20 at the Wayback Machine", Catholic New Service, October 25, 2012.
Gibson, David (July 21, 2016). "US cardinal says 'Christian nations' in West must counter Islamic influx". Religion News Service. Archived from the original on June 2, 2019. Retrieved May 20, 2019.
"Cardinal Burke: it's reasonable to be afraid of Islam's desire to govern the world" Archived September 15, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, catholicherald.co.uk, July 22, 2016.
Pronechen, Joseph, "Cardinal Burke Speaks on Attendance Drops, Liturgy, Ad Orientem and Islam" Archived September 7, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, ncronline.org, September 6, 2016.
Mac Donald, Sarah, "Dublin archbishop rebukes Cardinal Burke's comments on Islam" Archived September 14, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, ncronline.org, July 28, 2016.
^ Cardinal Burke cuts ties with institute, citing its alignment with Bannon Archived September 1, 2021, at the Wayback Machine, Catholic News Service (June 25, 2019).
^ Philip Pullella, Conservative Vatican cardinal withdraws support for Steve Bannon Archived September 1, 2021, at the Wayback Machine, Reuters (June 26, 2019).
"Raymond Arroyo: Party over Faith". June 20, 2018. Archived from the original on August 19, 2021. Retrieved August 19, 2021.
Duncan, Robert (May 20, 2019). "Cardinal Burke: Limiting Muslim immigration is patriotic". The Catholic Herald. Archived from the original on May 20, 2019. Retrieved May 21, 2019.
"Cardinal Burke: We face a grave crisis, touching the heart of the Church". Catholic News Agency. August 16, 2018. Archived from the original on September 4, 2018. Retrieved September 4, 2018.
Boorstein, Michelle; Boburg, Shawn; O'Harrow Jr., Shawn (June 5, 2019). "W.Va. bishop gave powerful cardinals and other priests $350,000 in cash gifts before his ouster, church records show". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on June 5, 2019. Retrieved June 5, 2019.
Altieri, Christopher (July 3, 2019). "Cardinal Burke breaks silence over gifts from disgraced bishop". Catholic Herald. Archived from the original on July 5, 2019. Retrieved September 7, 2019.
^ Burke, Raymond (December 12, 2020). "Homilies: Solemnity of Our Lady of Guadalupe, on Dec 12, 2020 - Shrine of Our Lady of Guadalupe, La Crosse, Wisconsin". cardinalburke.com. Archived from the original on August 17, 2021. Retrieved August 17, 2021.
^ "Cardinal Raymond Burke, vaccine skeptic, announces he has coronavirus". National Catholic Register. August 11, 2021. Archived from the original on August 11, 2021. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
^ Marisa Iati (August 19, 2021). "Philadelphia becomes latest archdiocese to reject religious exemptions for vaccine mandates". Washington Post. Archived from the original on August 24, 2021. Retrieved September 1, 2021.
^ Jaclyn Peiser (August 17, 2021). "A conservative cardinal who criticized the vaccine caught covid. Days later, he was put on a ventilator". Washington Post. Archived from the original on August 16, 2021. Retrieved August 16, 2021.
Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, 'Note on the Morality of Using Some Anti-Covid-19 Vaccines', 21 December 2020, https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/cfaith/documents/rc_con_cfaith_doc_20201221_nota-vaccini-anticovid_en.html# Archived March 24, 2021, at the Wayback Machine. This Note discusses in detail the conditions that are required for such vaccination ("use") to be morally licit. The Note cites other, previous Vatican pronouncements on whether development of vaccines by use of aborted fetal cell lines is morally licit. In #4 the Note clarifies that "the licit use of such vaccines does not and should not in any way imply that there is a moral endorsement of the use of cell lines proceeding from aborted fetuses".
"Covid: Vatican says coronavirus vaccines 'morally acceptable'". BBC News. December 22, 2020. Archived from the original on August 17, 2021. Retrieved August 17, 2021.
Neman, Daniel (August 14, 2021). "Cardinal Burke, former archbishop of St. Louis, has COVID-19, is on ventilator". STLtoday.com. Archived from the original on August 16, 2021. Retrieved August 16, 2021.
Giangrave, Claire (August 16, 2021). "Cardinal Burke on ventilator days after testing positive for coronavirus". National Catholic Reporter. Archived from the original on August 16, 2021. Retrieved August 16, 2021.
"Cardinal Burke, Suffering with COVID-19, Placed on Ventilator". National Catholic Register. August 15, 2021. Archived from the original on August 16, 2021. Retrieved August 16, 2021.
Mullen, Shannon (August 28, 2021). "Cardinal Burke tweets that his condition is improving". Catholic News Agency. Archived from the original on September 16, 2021. Retrieved September 27, 2021.
Herken, Olivia (September 27, 2021). "Cardinal Burke, former St. Louis archbishop, out of hospital, making 'steady' but 'slow' progress in COVID-19 recovery". La Crosse Tribune. Archived from the original on September 27, 2021. Retrieved September 27, 2021.
Horowitz, Jason (October 3, 2023). "Conservative Catholics, Relegated to Sidelines, Denounce Papal Gathering". The New York Times.
Winfield, Nicole (October 2, 2023). "Five cardinals challenge pope to affirm church teaching on gays, women ahead of synod". National Catholic Reporter.
"Ave Maria University confers first honorary degrees", May 11, 2005. Archived July 19, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
"Archbishop Burke and College Founders Honored at 30th Anniversary Convocation", September 21, 2007. Archived December 27, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
Brinker, Jennifer, "Kenrick-Glennon Seminary canon law chair established in Cardinal Burke's name" Archived November 30, 2010, at the Wayback Machine, St. Louis Review, November 21, 2010.
Franciscan University of Steubenville Office of Public Relations. "Commencement Speakers Call Graduates to Holiness" Archived June 17, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, May 26, 2011.

External links

"Burke Card. Raymond Leo". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on April 5, 2017. Retrieved November 25, 2017.

Catholic Church titles
Preceded byJohn Joseph Paul	Bishop of La Crosse 1995–2003	Succeeded byJerome E. Listecki
Preceded byJustin Francis Rigali	Archbishop of St. Louis 2003–2008	Succeeded byRobert James Carlson
Preceded byAgostino Vallini	Prefect of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura 2008–2014	Succeeded byDominique Mamberti
Preceded byTomáš Špidlík	— TITULAR — Cardinal Deacon of Sant'Agata de' Goti 2010–2021	Succeeded byHimself (as cardinal priest)
Preceded byHimself (as cardinal deacon)	— TITULAR — Cardinal Priest of Sant'Agata de' Goti 2021–present	Incumbent
Preceded byPaolo Sardi	Patron of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta 2014–2023	Succeeded byGianfranco Ghirlanda

v t e College of Cardinals
List of current cardinals Cardinals of the Catholic Church under Pope Francis in order of precedence
Cardinal bishops	Re Sandri Arinze Bertone Saraiva Martins Parolin (CC) Ouellet Filoni Stella Tagle Raï Sako
Cardinal priests	Kitbunchu Poupard Wetter López Rodríguez Mahony Ruini Darmaatmadja Wamala Maida Puljić Sandoval Íñiguez Stafford De Giorgi Rouco Varela Pengo Schönborn Rivera Carrera Pujats Sepe Kasper Bačkis Errázuriz Ossa Napier Rodríguez Maradiaga Cipriani Thorne Herranz Casado Scola Okogie Zubeir Wako Rigali Antonelli Turkson Bozanić Mẫn Barbarin Erdő Rodé Vallini Rosales Ricard Cañizares Llovera O'Malley (CC) Dziwisz Zen Lajolo Comastri Ryłko Farina Brady Martínez Sistach Vingt-Trois Bagnasco Sarr Gracias (CC) Robles Ortega DiNardo Scherer Njue Karlic Amato Sarah Monterisi Burke Koch Piacenza Ravasi Romeo Wuerl Assis Nycz Patabendige Don Marx Brandmüller Monteiro de Castro Abril y Castelló Vegliò Bertello Coccopalmerio Aviz O'Brien Calcagno Versaldi Alencherry Collins Duka Eijk Betori Dolan Woelki Tong Mureșan Harvey Thottunkal Onaiyekan Salazar Gómez Baldisseri Müller Nichols Brenes Solórzano Lacroix (CC) Kutwa Tempesta Bassetti Poli Yeom Ezzati Andrello Ouédraogo Quevedo Langlois Clemente Souraphiel Dew Menichelli Nhơn Suárez Inda Bo Kovithavanij Montenegro Sturla Berhouet Blázquez Pérez Lacunza Maestrojuán Gomes Furtado Mafi Villalba Langa Nzapalainga Osoro Sierra Rocha (CC) Cupich D'Rozario Porras Cardozo De Kesel Piat Aguiar Retes Ribat Tobin Zerbo Omella Omella (CC) Arborelius Mangkhanekhoun Rosa Chávez De Donatis Coutts Santos Marto Barreto Jimeno Tsarahazana Petrocchi Maeda Ticona Porco Suharyo Hardjoatmodjo García Rodríguez Ambongo Besungu (CC) Hollerich (CC) Ramazzini Imeri Zuppi López Romero Tamkevičius Kambanda Gregory Advincula Aós Braco Lojudice Arizmendi Esquivel Aveline Okpaleke Steiner Ferrão McElroy Silva Cantoni Poola Costa Goh Martínez Flores Marengo Jiménez Carvajal Miglio Pizzaballa Brislin Rossi Aparicio Ryś Mulla Cano Rugambwa Francis Chow Bustillo Aguiar Sánchez Castillo Mattasoglio Bokalic Iglic Cabrera Herrera Chomalí Garib Kikuchi David Nemet Spengler Bessi Dogbo Vesco Mathieu Repole Reina Leo Bychok Battaglia
Cardinal deacons	Mamberti Zenari Farrell Simoni Ladaria Ferrer Becciu Krajewski Bocos Merino Mendonça Czerny Fitzgerald Grech Semeraro Gambetti Tomasi Cantalamessa Feroci Roche You Vérgez Alzaga (CC) Ghirlanda Frezza Prevost Gugerotti Fernández Tscherrig Pierre Artime Marchetto Dri Acerbi Makrickas Radcliffe Baggio Koovakad
Cardinals ineligible to participate in a papal conclave in italics (CC): member of the Council of Cardinals See also: Titular Titular church List of titular churches List of creations of cardinals Category Media Catholic Church portal

v t e Current Catholic cardinals of the United States
Diocesan bishop	Blase Joseph Cupich (Chicago) Daniel Nicholas DiNardo (Galveston–Houston) Timothy Michael Dolan (New York) Wilton Daniel Gregory (Washington) Robert W. McElroy (San Diego) Joseph William Tobin (Newark)
Roman Curia and related	Raymond Leo Burke Kevin Joseph Farrell James Michael Harvey
Retired	Roger Michael Mahony Adam Joseph Maida Edwin Frederick O'Brien Seán Patrick O'Malley Justin Francis Rigali James Francis Stafford Donald William Wuerl
Titular churches	Sant'Agata de' Goti (Burke) San Bartolomeo all'Isola (Cupich) Sant'Eusebio (DiNardo) San Giuliano Martire (Farrell) Immacolata Concezione di Maria a Grottarossa (Gregory) San Frumenzio ai Prati Fiscali (McElroy) Santa Maria della Vittoria (O'Malley) Santa Maria delle Grazie a Via Trionfale (Tobin) Nostra Signora di Guadalupe a Monte Mario (Dolan) San Pietro in Montorio (Stafford) San Pietro in Vincoli (Wuerl) San Pio V a Villa Carpegna (Harvey) Santa Prisca (Rigali) Santi Quattro Coronati (Mahony) San Sebastiano al Palatino (O'Brien) Santi Vitale, Valeria, Gervasio e Protasio (Maida)
Cardinals ineligible to participate in a papal conclave are indicated with italics.

Roman Catholic Archdiocese of St. Louis

v t e Ordinaries of the Archdiocese of St. Louis
Bishop	Joseph Rosati
Archbishops	Peter Richard Kenrick John Kain John J. Glennon Joseph Ritter John Carberry John L. May Justin Rigali Raymond Leo Burke Robert James Carlson Mitchell T. Rozanski
Coadjutor Archbishop	Patrick John Ryan
Catholicism portal

v t e Churches in the Archdiocese of St. Louis
List	List of churches in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of St. Louis
Cathedral	Cathedral Basilica of Saint Louis
Basilica	Basilica of St. Louis, King of France
Parishes	St. Joseph Church, Apple Creek St. Maurus Church, Biehle St. James Church, Crosstown Ste. Genevieve Church, Ste. Genevieve Sacred Heart Church, Ozora St. Mary's of the Barrens Church, Perryville St. Vincent de Paul Church, Perryville St. Alphonsus Liguori "Rock" Church, St. Louis St. Francis Xavier College Church, St. Louis St. Mary of Victories Church, St. Louis St. Rose of Lima Church, Silver Lake
Former parishes	Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary Church, Belgique St. Mary's Church, Bridgeton St. John the Evangelist Church, Lithium St. Boniface Church, Perryville Immaculate Conception Church, St. Louis St. John Nepomuk Church, St. Louis St. Liborius Church, St. Louis St. Stanislaus Kostka Church, St. Louis
Abbey	Abbey of Saint Mary and Saint Louis
Oratory	St. Francis de Sales Oratory, St. Louis
Shrines	St. Ferdinand's Shrine, Florissant Shrine of St. Joseph, St. Louis

v t e Education in the Archdiocese of St. Louis
Higher education	Fontbonne University Maryville University Saint Louis University
Seminaries	Aquinas Institute of Theology Kenrick–Glennon Seminary
High schools	Barat Academy, O'Fallon Bishop DuBourg High School, St. Louis Cardinal Ritter College Prep High School, St. Louis Chaminade College Preparatory School, Creve Coeur Christian Brothers College High School, Town and Country Cor Jesu Academy, St. Louis De Smet Jesuit High School, Creve Coeur Duchesne High School, St. Charles Incarnate Word Academy, Bel-Nor John F. Kennedy Catholic High School, Manchester Nerinx Hall High School, Webster Groves Notre Dame High School, Lemay Rosati-Kain High School, St. Louis St. Dominic High School, O'Fallon St. Francis Borgia Regional High School, Washington St. John Vianney High School, Kirkwood St. Joseph's Academy, Frontenac Saint Louis Priory School, St. Louis St. Louis University High School, St. Louis St. Mary's High School, St. Louis St. Pius X High School, Festus St. Vincent High School, Perryville Ursuline Academy, Oakland Valle Catholic High School, Sainte Genevieve Villa Duchesne, St. Louis Visitation Academy of St. Louis, Town and Country
Former	Higher education Marillac College High schools St. Elizabeth Academy, St. Louis Trinity Catholic High School, North St. Louis County

v t e Clergy of the Archdiocese of St. Louis
Auxiliary bishops	Christian Herman Winkelmann George Joseph Donnelly John Cody Charles Herman Helmsing Leo Christopher Byrne Glennon Patrick Flavin George Joseph Gottwald Joseph Alphonse McNicholas Charles Roman Koester Edward Thomas O'Meara John Nicholas Wurm Edward Joseph O'Donnell J. Terry Steib Paul Albert Zipfel Edward Braxton Michael John Sheridan Joseph Fred Naumann Timothy M. Dolan Robert Joseph Hermann Edward M. Rice Mark S. Rivituso
Priests	Christopher Edward Byrne Mark Kenny Carroll Luis Morgan Casey Patrick Feehan Robert Finn Marion Francis Forst John R. Gaydos John Hennessy John Joseph Hogan John Joseph Leibrecht George Joseph Lucas Antoni Klawiter Joseph Melcher Michael Portier Andrea Bernardo Schierhoff Leo John Steck Richard Stika John Henry Tihen

Catholicism portal

v t e Roman Catholic Diocese of La Crosse
Bishops	Ordinaries Michael Heiss Kilian Caspar Flasch James Schwebach Alexander Joseph McGavick John Patrick Treacy Frederick William Freking John Joseph Paul Raymond Leo Burke Jerome E. Listecki William P. Callahan Gerard William Battersby Auxiliary William Richard Griffin
Churches	Cathedral Cathedral of Saint Joseph the Workman Parishes Notre Dame Church, Chippewa Falls Sacred Heart of Jesus-St. Patrick's Church, Eau Claire Sacred Heart-Saint Wenceslaus Church, Pine Creek Former Our Lady of Spring Bank Abbey Saint Ann's Church, Greenwood Shrine Shrine of Our Lady of Guadalupe, La Crosse Chapel Maria Angelorum Chapel, La Crosse
Education	Higher education Viterbo University High schools Aquinas High School, La Crosse Assumption High School, Wisconsin Rapids Columbus Catholic High School, Marshfield McDonell Central Catholic High School, Chippewa Falls Newman Catholic High School, Wausau Pacelli High School, Stevens Point Regis High School, Eau Claire Former Campion High School, Prairie du Chien
Priests	Solanus Casey Robert Herman Flock George Albert Hammes Felix Ley
Other	The Catholic Times (newspaper)
Catholicism portal

Traditionalist Catholicism

Issues

Liturgy	Preconciliar rites after the Second Vatican Council Tridentine Mass List of communities using the Tridentine Mass Quattuor abhinc annos Ecclesia Dei Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei Summorum Pontificum Traditionis custodes Liturgical use of Latin Mass of Paul VI
Doctrine	Modernism Pascendi Dominici gregis Syllabus of Errors Extra Ecclesiam nulla salus Dignitatis humanae Ecumenism
Events	Second Vatican Council Écône consecrations Siri thesis

Movements
within the
Catholic Church

Institutes and
societies

Jurisdictions

Personal Apostolic Administration of Saint John Mary Vianney

Associations

People

Excommunicated
but later reconciled

Independent
movements

Independent, but no
public renunciation
of papal legitimacy

Groups

Operating with partial papal faculties	Society of Saint Pius X Affiliated religious orders Canonical situation Faculties
Fraternité Notre-Dame Priestly Society of Saint Josaphat Slaves of the Immaculate Heart of Mary (Richmond, New Hampshire) Priestly Union Marcel Lefebvre