Misplaced Pages

Testudinata Temporal range: Late Triassic – Holocene, 210–0 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Possible Early and Middle Triassic records in the form of fossil tracks
Skeleton of Proganochelys quenstedti, American Museum of Natural History
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Reptilia
Clade:	Pantestudines
Clade:	Testudinata Klein, 1760
Subgroups
†Chinlechelys †Proterochersis? †Proganochelys Rhaptochelydia Gaffney & Kitching, 1994 †Proterochersis? †Australochelyidae †Australochelys †Palaeochersis †Waluchelys Mesochelydia

Testudinata is the group of all tetrapods with a true turtle shell. It includes both modern turtles (Testudines) and many of their extinct, shelled relatives (stem-turtles), though excluding Odontochelys and Eorhynchochelys, which are placed in the more inclusive Pantestudines.

History

It was first coined as the group containing turtles by Jacob Theodor Klein in 1760. In 1832-1836, Thomas Bell wrote a book describing the Testudinata, which summarizes all the world's turtles, living and extinct, illustrated by forty plates by Jane S. Bell, James de Carle Sowerby and Edward Lear. It was first defined in the modern sense by Joyce and colleagues in 2004. While the ancestral condition for the clade is thought to be terrestrial, members of the subclade Mesochelydia, which contains almost all known testudinatans from the Jurassic onwards, are thought to be ancestrally aquatic.

Classification

The cladogram below follows an analysis by Jérémy Anquetin in 2012.

References

1. Asher J. Lichtig; Spencer G. Lucas; Hendrik Klein & David M. Lovelace (2018). "Triassic turtle tracks and the origin of turtles". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology. 30 (8): 1112–1122. doi:10.1080/08912963.2017.1339037. S2CID 133893011.
2. ^ Joyce, Walter G.; Parham, James F. & Gauthier, Jacques Armand (2004). "Developing a protocol for the conversion of rank-based taxon names to phylogenetically defined clade names, as exemplified by turtles" (PDF). Journal of Paleontology. 78 (5): 989–1013. doi:10.1666/0022-3360(2004)078<0989:DAPFTC>2.0.CO;2. S2CID 15078337.
3. Gaffney, Eugene S. & Kitching, James William (1995). "The morphology and relationships of Australochelys, an early Jurassic turtle from South Africa". American Museum Novitates (3130): 1–29. hdl:2246/3666.
4. Sterli, Juliana; Martínez, Ricardo N.; Cerda, Ignacio A. & Apaldetti, Cecilia (6 August 2020). "Appearances can be deceptive: bizarre shell microanatomy and histology in a new Triassic turtle (Testudinata) from Argentina at the dawn of turtles". Papers in Palaeontology. 7 (2): 1097–1132. doi:10.1002/spp2.1334. S2CID 225515560.
5. Bell, Thomas (1832–1836). A Monograph of the Testudinata.
6. ^ Anquetin, J. R. M. (2012). "Reassessment of the phylogenetic interrelationships of basal turtles (Testudinata)". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 10: 3–45. doi:10.1080/14772019.2011.558928. S2CID 85295987.
7. Sterli, Juliana; de la Fuente, Marcelo S.; Rougier, Guillermo W. (2018-07-04). "New remains of Condorchelys antiqua (Testudinata) from the Early-Middle Jurassic of Patagonia: anatomy, phylogeny, and paedomorphosis in the early evolution of turtles". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 38 (4): (1)–(17). doi:10.1080/02724634.2018.1480112. hdl:11336/99525. ISSN 0272-4634. S2CID 109556104.

v t e Pantestudines
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Sauropsida Clade: Diapsida Clade: Sauria Clade: Archelosauria Sauropsida see Sauropsida Pantestudines see below↓ Pantestudines
Pantestudines †Eorhynchochelys †Eunotosaurus? †Odontochelys †Pappochelys Testudinata †Chinlechelys †Condorchelys †Eileanchelys †Heckerochelys †Indochelys †Kallokibotion †Kayentachelys †Proganochelys †Proterochersis †Spoochelys †Australochelyidae Australochelys Palaeochersis Waluchelys †Meiolaniformes Chubutemys Otwayemys Patagoniaemys Peligrochelys Trapalcochelys Meiolaniidae Gaffneylania Meiolania Ninjemys Niolamia Warkalania †Sichuanchelyidae Laurasichersis Mongolochelys Sichuanchelys †Helochelydridae Aragochersis Helochelydra Helochelys Naomichelys Solemys †Compsemydidae Berruchelus Calissounemys Compsemys Kallokibotion? Peltochelys Riodevemys? Selenemys? Tongemys †Paracryptodira Compsemydidae? Helochelydridae? Pleurosternidae Dinochelys Dorsetochelys Glyptops Pleurosternon Riodevemys? Selenemys? Toremys Uluops Baenidae Arundelemys Arvinachelys Baena Boremys Cedrobaena Chisternon Denazinemys Edowa Eubaena Gamerabaena Gehennachelys Goleremys Hayemys Lakotemys Neurankylus Palatobaena Peckemys Plesiobaena Protobaena Saxochelys Scabremys Stygiochelys Thescelus Trinitichelys †Xinjiangchelyidae Annemys Brodiechelys Camerochelys Chengyuchelys Jastmelchyi Kalasinemys Larachelus Phunoichelys Protoxinjiangchelys Shartegemys Siamochelys Tienfuchelys Undjulemys Xinjiangchelys Yanduchelys †Sinemydidae / Macrobaenidae Anatolemys Appalachemys Asiachelys Aurorachelys Changmachelys Dracochelys Gallica Galvechelone Hongkongochelys Hoyasemys Jeholochelys Judithemys Kirgizemys Liaochelys Macrobaena Manchurochelys Ordosemys Osteopygis Oxemys Sinemys Tienfucheloides Wuguia Xiaochelys Yakemys Yumenemys †Thalassochelydia (sensu Joyce et al., 2021) Aplax Cyrtura Euryaspis Hispaniachelys Neusticemys Owadowia Pelobatochelys Thalassemys Protostegidae? "Eurysternidae" Achelonia Chelonides Eurysternum Hydropelta Idiochelys Palaeomedusa Parachelys "Plesiochelyidae" Craspedochelys Globochelus Hylaeochelys? Jurassichelon? Plesiochelys Portlandemys Tropidemys Sandownidae Angolachelys Brachyopsemys Leyvachelys Sandownia Solnhofia? Testudines see Testudines
See also: Angolachelonia Ankylopoda Mesochelydia Perichelydia Category

• Testudinata
• Reptile taxonomy
• Norian first appearances
• Extant Late Triassic first appearances
• Taxa named by Jacob Theodor Klein