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Robert C. Winthrop
Winthrop c. 1855–65
United States Senator from Massachusetts
In office July 30, 1850 – February 1, 1851
Appointed by	George N. Briggs
Preceded by	Daniel Webster
Succeeded by	Robert Rantoul Jr.
18th Speaker of the United States House of Representatives
In office December 6, 1847 – March 4, 1849
Preceded by	John Davis
Succeeded by	Howell Cobb
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Massachusetts's 1st district
In office November 9, 1840 – May 25, 1842
Preceded by	Abbott Lawrence
Succeeded by	Nathan Appleton
In office November 29, 1842 – July 30, 1850
Preceded by	Nathan Appleton
Succeeded by	Samuel Eliot
Personal details
Born	(1809-05-12)May 12, 1809 Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.
Died	November 16, 1894(1894-11-16) (aged 85) Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.
Political party	Whig
Spouses	Elizabeth Cabot Blanchard ​ ​(m. 1832; died 1842)​ Laura Derby Welles ​ ​(m. 1849; died 1861)​ Adele Granger Thayer ​ ​(m. 1865; died 1892)​
Relatives	Thomas Winthrop (Father)
Education	Harvard University (BA)
Signature

Robert Charles Winthrop (May 12, 1809 – November 16, 1894) was an American lawyer, philanthropist, and Whig Party politician who represented Massachusetts in the United States House and Senate from 1840 to 1851. He served as the 18th Speaker of the United States House of Representatives and was a political ally and colleague of Daniel Webster. After a rapid rise in Massachusetts and national politics and one term as speaker, Winthrop succeeded Webster in the Senate. His re-election campaign resulted in a long, sharply contested defeat by Charles Sumner. He ran for Governor of Massachusetts in 1851 but lost due to the state's majority requirement, marking the end of his political career and signaling the decline of the Massachusetts Whig Party.

Winthrop was born into a prominent Boston political family, descended from colonial governors Thomas Dudley and John Winthrop and commonwealth governor James Bowdoin, his great-grandfather. After an education at Boston Latin School and Harvard College, he studied law with Webster and was admitted to the bar in 1831. In 1835, at the age of twenty-four, he was elected to the Massachusetts House of Representatives and served five one-year terms. From 1838 to 1840, he served as speaker of the Massachusetts House.

In 1840, Winthrop won a special election to succeed Abbott Lawrence in the United States House of Representatives, representing Boston. He was re-elected to a full term but resigned early in 1842 to mourn the death of his young wife. After only six months out of office, his successor Nathan Appleton resigned, and he was elected to succeed him. Winthrop served out the remainder of the term and was elected three more times. In 1847, he was elected Speaker of the House at the start the 30th Congress. However, he lost re-election in 1849 to Howell Cobb of Georgia after a protracted sixty-six ballot contest.

In July 1850, Daniel Webster resigned from the United States Senate to become Secretary of State amid outrage over his support for the Compromise of 1850. Governor George Briggs appointed Winthrop to succeed him, but the 1850 Massachusetts elections resulted in a three-way split of the legislature between Whigs and the Democratic and Free Soil parties, which joined in an anti-Whig coalition. After a divisive fifty-one ballot election, Free Soilers and anti-slavery Democrats united to elect Charles Sumner, an abolitionist lawyer, to the seat. Winthrop made a final run for public office in November of that year when he stood for Governor but was again defeated by the Free Soil-Democratic coalition. Though he received a plurality of all votes cast, the majority rule in place at the time sent the election to the Massachusetts General Court, where the coalition legislators again denied Winthrop by re-electing Governor George S. Boutwell. For the remainder of his life, Winthrop remained publicly involved as a Christian conservative and unionist but never again ran for public office.

Early life

Robert Charles Winthrop was born in Boston, Massachusetts, to Thomas Lindall Winthrop (1760–1841), the Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts, and Elizabeth Bowdoin Temple (1769–1825), who were married on July 25, 1786. He was the youngest of 13 children.

His maternal grandparents were Sir John Temple, 8th Baronet (1731–1798), the first British envoy to the United States, and Elizabeth Bowdoin, the daughter of James Bowdoin (1726–1790), the Governor of Massachusetts. His paternal great-great grandfathers were Joseph Dudley (1647–1720) and Wait Still Winthrop (1641/2–1717).

Winthrop attended the prestigious Boston Latin School, and graduated from Harvard University in 1828, which he attended with Dr. Henry Ingersoll Bowditch, George Stillman Hillard, Judge John Gilchrist, Edward Sprague Rand, and others of note.

Career

After studying law with Daniel Webster he was admitted to the bar in 1831 and practiced in Boston. At 24, he served in the Massachusetts House of Representatives from 1835 to 1840, and served as Speaker of the House of that body from 1838 to 1840. He was elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society in 1838.

Winthrop was elected US Representative from Massachusetts as a Whig to the 26th United States Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Abbott Lawrence; he was reelected to the 27th Congress and served from November 9, 1840, to May 25, 1842, when he resigned due to the death of his wife.

He was subsequently elected to the 27th Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of his successor, Nathan Appleton; he was reelected to the 28th and to the three succeeding Congresses and served from November 29, 1842, until July 30, 1850. He served as the Speaker of the House during the 30th Congress (1847–1849), but could not secure a second term, losing the 1849 speakership election to Howell Cobb in a protracted 63-ballot contest. He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1849.

After Daniel Webster resigned from the United States Senate to become Secretary of State in 1850, Winthrop resigned from the House and, at 41, was appointed by fellow Whig Governor George Briggs to fill the remainder of Webster's Senate term. Winthrop's views proved no more palatable to abolitionists than did Webster's, and he failed to win reelection by the state legislature to either of Massachusetts' Senate seats in 1851. He resigned without completing his term immediately following his election loss. Later that year, Winthrop actually won a popular plurality in the race for Massachusetts Governor but as the state Constitution required a majority, the election was thrown into the legislature. The same coalition of Democrats and Free Soilers defeated him again. His final venture into elected political office was as a presidential elector on the Whig ticket in 1852. Afterwards, Winthrop became an independent, unsuccessfully supporting Millard Fillmore, John Bell, and George McClellan.

Later career

With his political career over at the young age of 43, Winthrop spent the remainder of his life in literary, historical, and philanthropic pursuits. He was a major early patron of the Boston Public Library and president of the Massachusetts Historical Society from 1855 to 1885, during which time he wrote a biography of his ancestor John Winthrop. In 1880, he was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society. He served as the president of the Massachusetts Bible Society for several years where he advocated that Christian morality was the necessary condition of a free society. His most notable Christian philosophy for governing men, was as follows:

Men, in a word, must necessarily be controlled either by a power within them or by a power without them; either by the Word of God or by the strong arm of man; either by the Bible or by the bayonet.

His most notable contributions came as permanent Chairman and President of the Peabody Education Fund Trustees, which he served from 1867 to his death. As well as steering the contributions of the Peabody Trust, Winthrop gave his own money to various Southern schools, the most long lasting of which was the $1,500 of seed money provided to a teacher's college that renamed itself Winthrop University in gratitude. He became a noted orator, delivering two speeches in 1870: the eulogy for George Peabody and on the celebration of the landing of the Pilgrims. He also spoke at the ceremony that opened the Washington Monument in 1848. Winthrop was elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society in October 1894.

In 1892, in a celebration of his birth, it was noted that he had the distinction of having known every President of the United States except Washington and Jefferson.

Personal life

On March 12, 1832, he married Elizabeth Cabot Blanchard (1809–1842), the daughter of Francis Blanchard (1784–1813) and Mary Ann Cabot (1784–1809), and the adopted daughter of Samuel P. Gardner. Elizabeth's elder half-brother was banker John Clarke Lee, founder of Lee, Higginson & Co. Before her death, Robert and Elizabeth had three children:

• Robert Charles Winthrop Jr. (1834–1905), who married Frances Pickering Adams (1836–1860). After her death, he married Elizabeth Mason (1844–1924), daughter of Robert Means Mason (1810–1879) and Sarah Ellen Francis (1819–1865) and granddaughter of Jeremiah Mason, on June 1, 1869.
• Elizabeth "Eliza" Cabot Winthrop (1838–1921)
• John Winthrop (b. 1841)

After Elizabeth's death, he married his second wife, Laura (née Derby) Welles, widow of Arnold Francis Welles. Laura was the daughter of attorney John Derby and granddaughter of Elias Hasket Derby, on November 6, 1849. They remained married until her death in 1861.

On November 15, 1865, he married for the third and final time, to Adele (née Granger) Thayer (1820–1892), the widow of John E. Thayer. She was the daughter of Francis Granger, the Postmaster General under President William Henry Harrison and Cornelia Rutsen Van Rensselaer.

Winthrop died in Boston in 1894, and is interred in Mount Auburn Cemetery, Cambridge, Massachusetts. In his will, he left bequests to the Massachusetts Historical Society, the Boston Provident Association, the Boston Children's Hospital, the Library of the Boston Latin School, and the library of the Sunday school of Trinity Church, Boston.

Descendants

His granddaughter, Robert Jr.'s daughter Margaret Tyndal Winthrop (1880–1970), married James Grant Forbes on November 28, 1906. James and Margaret were the parents of Rosemary Isabel Forbes, who married Richard John Kerry and were the parents of John Forbes Kerry, the U.S. Secretary of State, U.S. Senator and 2004 Presidential candidate. James and Margaret also are the parents of Fiona Diedre Forbes (1924-2010), who married Alain Gauthier Lalonde (1913-1974), the parents of Brice Lalonde, French Minister of the Environment and 1981 French presidential candidate.

See also

• 59th Massachusetts General Court (1838)
• 60th Massachusetts General Court (1839)
• 61st Massachusetts General Court (1840)

References

1. ^ Whitmore, William Henry (1856). An Account of the Temple Family: With Notes and Pedigree of the Family of Bowdoin : Reprinted from the New England Historical and Genealogical Register, with Corrections and Additions. Dutton & Wentworth. p. 12. Retrieved 22 June 2017.
2. John Burke (1832). Burke's Peerage. Vol. II (fourth ed.). London: Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley. p. 530.
3. "Robert C. Winthrop". The New York Times. 2 October 1897. Retrieved 22 June 2017.
4. ^ "DEATH OF R.C. WINTHROP; In Literature and Politics One of Boston's Great Men. DESCENDANT OF A NOTED FAMILY Representative in Congress for Many Years and Later a Senator -- A Famous Whig -- Noted as a Lecturer". The New York Times. 17 November 1894. Retrieved 22 June 2017.
5. ^ "The death of Robert C. Winthrop". The New York Times. 18 November 1894. Retrieved 22 June 2017.
6. ^ American Antiquarian Society Members Directory
7. "Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter W" (PDF). American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 20 April 2011.
8. Winthrop, Robert Charles (1897). A Memoir of Robert C. Winthrop: Prepared for the Massachusetts Historical Society. Little, Brown. p. 96. Retrieved 22 June 2017.
9. Addresses and Speeches on Various Occasions, Robert Charles Winthrop, Google Book Search. Retrieved 07-03-2007.
10. "THE TEA PARTY; A DAY OF HISTORICAL REMINISCENCES SPEECHES BY HON. ROBERT C. WINTHROP, GEN. BANKS, AND OTHERS". The New York Times. 17 December 1873. Retrieved 22 June 2017.
11. "APS Member History". search.amphilsoc.org. Retrieved 2024-04-15.
12. Speech to the Massachusetts Bible Society (05-28-1849), quoted in Robert Winthrop, Addresses and Speeches on Various Occasions, Little, Brown & Co., 1852, p. 172.
13. Robert Winthrop, Addresses and Speeches on Various Occasions (Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1852, p. 172 from his "Either by the Bible or the Bayonet.")
14. Winthrop, Robert Charles (1871). Oration on the Two Hundred and Fiftieth Anniversary of the Landing of the Pilgrim Fathers at Plymouth.
15. Savage, Kirk (2009). Monument Wars: Washington, D.C., the National Mall, and the Transformation of the Memorial Landscape. Univ of California Press. p. 58. ISBN 978-0-520-27133-3.
16. "Robert C. Winthrop's Birthday". The New York Times. 13 May 1892. Retrieved 22 June 2017.
17. Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth (1983). The Letters of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. Harvard University Press. ISBN 9780674527294. Retrieved 22 June 2017.
18. "THE ONLY FOUR HUNDRED; WARD M'ALLISTER GIVES OUT THE OFFICIAL LIST. HERE ARE THE NAMES, DON'T YOU KNOW, ON THE AUTHORITY OF THEIR GREAT LEADER, YOU UNDER- STAND, AND THEREFORE GENUINE, YOU SEE". The New York Times. 16 February 1892. Retrieved 22 June 2017.
19. "ROBERT C. WINTHROP'S WILL; A Possibility that Harvard May Get a Slice of the Estate". The New York Times. 29 November 1894. Retrieved 22 June 2017.
20. New York Times 1970 Jl 9, 37:6
21. "Alain Gauthier Levy Lelonde". Thurmon King's New Sackett Family Database. The Sackett Family Association. 2003. Retrieved 2023-01-16.

Sources

• Fowler, William (1980). The Baron of Beacon Hill. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 0-395-27619-5. OCLC 163369557.
• Walett, Francis (September 1950). "James Bowdoin, Patriot Propagandist". The New England Quarterly. 23 (3): 320–338. doi:10.2307/361420. JSTOR 361420.
• Winthrop, Robert (1852). The Life and Service of James Bowdoin. Boston: Little, Brown. ISBN 978-0-608-39427-5. OCLC 296634.
• —— (1897). A Memoir of Robert C. Winthrop. Boston: Little, Brown & Co.

External links

• Quotations related to Robert Charles Winthrop at Wikiquote

• United States Congress. "Robert C. Winthrop (id: W000646)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
• Winthrop's role as Chairman of the PEF Archived 2012-02-12 at the Wayback Machine
• Robert Winthrop, Addresses and Speeches on Various Occasions, Little, Brown and Company, 1852. 776 pages
• The Ancestors of Senator John Forbes Kerry (b. 1943)
• "Winthrop, John" . Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography. 1889.

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▌ Pro-Administration ▌ Anti-Administration ▌ Federalist ▌ Democratic-Republican ▌ National Republican ▌ Jacksonian ▌ Democratic ▌ Whig ▌ Know Nothing ▌ Republican  Category  List

v t e United States senators from Massachusetts
Class 1	Dalton Cabot Goodhue Mason Adams Lloyd Gore Ashmun Mellen Mills Webster Choate Webster Winthrop Rantoul Sumner Washburn Dawes Lodge Sr. Butler Walsh Lodge Jr. J. Kennedy Smith E. Kennedy Kirk Brown Warren
Class 2	Strong Sedgwick Dexter Foster Pickering Varnum Otis Lloyd Silsbee Davis Bates Davis Everett Rockwell Wilson Boutwell Hoar Crane J. Weeks Walsh Gillett Coolidge Lodge Jr. S. Weeks Saltonstall Brooke Tsongas Kerry Cowan Markey

v t e Members of the U.S. House of Representatives from Massachusetts
1st district	F. Ames Dexter Goodhue Holten Sedgwick Skinner Sedgwick J. Bacon Eustis Quincy Ward Jr. Mason Gorham Webster Gorham N. Appleton Gorham A. Lawrence Fletcher A. Lawrence Winthrop N. Appleton Winthrop S. Eliot W. Appleton Scudder T. D. Eliot Hall T. D. Eliot Buffington Crapo R. Davis Randall Wright G. Lawrence Treadway Heselton Conte Olver Neal
2nd district	Goodhue Foster W. Lyman Sedgwick Ward Sr. W. Lyman Shepard J. Crowninshield Story Pickman W. Reed Pickering Silsbee Barstow B. Crowninshield Choate Phillips Saltonstall D. King Rantoul Fay Crocker Buffington O. Ames Harris Long E. Morse Gillett Churchill Bowles Kaynor Granfield Clason Furcolo Boland Neal McGovern
3rd district	Gerry Bourne Coffin S. Lyman Mattoon Cutler Nelson Livermore White Pickering Nelson Varnum Nelson Osgood Cushing A. Abbott Duncan Edmands Damrell C. Adams Thomas A. Rice Twichell Whiting I Pierce Field B. Dean Field Ranney L. Morse J. Andrew Walker J. R. Thayer R. Hoar C. Washburn J. A. Thayer Wilder Paige F. Foss Casey Philbin Drinan Donohue Early Blute McGovern N. Tsongas Trahan
4th district	Sedgwick Dearborn G. Thatcher Wadsworth Foster L. Lincoln Sr. Hastings Varnum W. Richardson Dana Stearns Fuller E. Everett Sa. Hoar Parmenter Thompson Palfrey Thompson Sabine Walley Comins A. Rice Hooper Frost J. Abbott L. Morse Collins O'Neil Apsley Weymouth Tirrell Mitchell Wilder Winslow Stobbs P. Holmes Donohue Drinan Frank Kennedy III Auchincloss
5th district	Partridge Bourne Freeman L. Williams T. Dwight Ely Mills Lathrop Sibley J. Davis L. Lincoln Jr. Hudson C. Allen W. Appleton Burlingame W. Appleton Hooper Alley Butler Gooch Banks Bowman L. Morse Hayden Banks Sh. Hoar Stevens Knox B. Ames J. Rogers E. Rogers B. Morse Cronin P. Tsongas Shannon Atkins Meehan N. Tsongas Markey Clark
6th district	G. Thatcher Leonard J. Reed Sr. J. Smith Taggart S. Allen Locke Kendall Grennell Alvord Baker Ashmun G. Davis Upham T. Davis Alley Gooch Banks Butler Thompson Loring Stone Lovering Lodge Cogswell Moody Gardner Lufkin A.P. Andrew G. Bates W. Bates Harrington Mavroules Torkildsen Tierney Moulton
7th district	Leonard Ward Sr. Leonard Bullock Bishop Mitchell Barker Baylies Turner Baylies Hulbert Shaw H. Dwight S. Allen Grennell Briggs J. Rockwell Goodrich Banks Gooch Boutwell Brooks Esty E. Hoar Tarbox Butler W. Russell Stone Cogswell W. Everett Barrett Roberts Phelan Maloney W. Connery L. Connery Lane Macdonald Markey Capuano Pressley
8th district	Grout G. Thatcher F. Ames Otis Eustis L. Williams Green Gardner Green J. Reed Jr. Baylies Sampson Hobart Lathrop Bates Calhoun J. Adams Mann Wentworth Knapp Train Baldwin G. Hoar J. M. S. Williams Warren Claflin Candler W Russell C. H. Allen Greenhalge Stevens McCall Deitrick Dallinger H. Thayer Dallinger Healey Goodwin Macdonald O'Neill Kennedy II Capuano Lynch
9th district	Varnum Bishop J. Dean Wheaton J. Reed Jr. Folger J. Reed Jr. H. Dwight Briggs Jackson Hastings H. Williams Hale Fowler Little De Witt E. Thayer Bailey A. Walker W. Washburn Crocker G. Hoar W. Rice T. Lyman Ely Burnett Candler G. Williams O'Neil Fitzgerald Conry Keliher Murray Roberts Fuller Underhill Luce R. Russell Luce T. H. Eliot Gifford Nicholson Keith McCormack Hicks Moakley Lynch Keating
10th district	Goodhue Sewall Read Hastings Upham J. Allen Brigham Wheaton Morton F Baylies Bailey H. A. S. Dearborn W. Baylies Borden H. Williams Borden Burnell Grinnell Scudder Dickinson Chaffee Delano Dawes Crocker Stevens Seelye Norcross W. Rice J. E. Russell J. Walker McEttrick Atwood Barrows Naphen McNary O'Connell Curley Murray Tague Fitzgerald Tague Douglass Tinkham Herter Curtis Martin Heckler Studds Delahunt Keating
11th district	Bradbury Bartlett Cutler Stedman A. Bigelow Brigham B. Adams J. Russell Hobart J. Richardson J. Adams J. Reed Jr. Burnell Goodrich Trafton Dawes Chapin Robinson Whiting II Wallace Coolidge Draper Sprague Powers Sullivan Peters Tinkham Douglass Higgins Flaherty Curley Kennedy O'Neill Burke Donnelly
12th district	H. Dearborn I. Parker Lee S. Thatcher Skinner Larned Bidwell Bacon Dewey Hulbert Strong Kendall L. Bigelow Baylies Hodges J. Adams Robinson F. Rockwell Crosby E. Morse Lovering Powers Weeks Curley Gallivan McCormack Keith Studds
13th district	Wadsworth Seaver Ruggles Dowse Eustis J. Reed Jr. Randall Simpkins Greene Weeks Mitchell Carter Luce Wigglesworth Burke
14th district	G. Thatcher Cutts C. King J. Holmes Lovering E. Foss Harris Gilmore Olney Frothingham Wigglesworth Martin
15th district	Wadsworth Ilsley Whitman Widgery Bradbury Whitman Greene Leach Martin Gifford
16th district	S. Thatcher Cook Tallman S. Davis Brown Orr Hill Thacher Walsh Gifford
17th district	Bruce Chandler Gannett F. Carr Wood J. Carr Wilson Kinsley
18th district	Wilson T. Rice J. Parker
19th district	J. Parker Conner Gage Cushman
20th district	Hubbard Parris E. Lincoln
At-large	Cobb

v t e The Dudley–Winthrop family tree
This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (October 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Adam Winthrop (1548–1623) Roger Dudley (d. 1580s) John Winthrop (1588–1649) Anne Winthrop (1585–1618) Thomas Fones (1573–1629) Thomas Dudley (1576–1653) John Winthrop the Younger (1606–1676) Henry Winthrop (1608–1630) Elizabeth Fones (1610–c. 1673) Simon Bradstreet (1603–1697) Anne Dudley (1612–1672) Joseph Dudley (1647–1720) Wait Still Winthrop (1642–1717) Fitz-John Winthrop (1638–1707) Paul Dudley (1675–1751) Ann Dudley (1684–1776) John Winthrop, F.R.S. (1681–1747) John Still Winthrop (1720–1776) Thomas L. Winthrop (1760–1841) Francis Bayard Winthrop (1754–1817) Robert Charles Winthrop (1809–1894) Thomas Charles Winthrop (1797–1873) Francis B. Winthrop Jr. (1787–1841) Robert C. Winthrop Jr. (1834–1905) Robert Winthrop (1833–1892) Katherine Wilson Taylor (1839–1925) Theodore Winthrop (1828–1861) James Grant Forbes (1879–1955) Margaret Tyndal Winthrop (1880–1970) Beekman Winthrop (1874–1940) Katherine Taylor Winthrop (1866–1943) Hamilton F. Kean (1862–1941) Richard Kerry (1915-2000) Rosemary Forbes (1913–2002) Robert Kean (1893–1980) John Kerry (1943–) Cameron Kerry (1950-) Thomas Kean (1935–) Thomas Kean Jr. (1968–)
Notes

• 1809 births
• 1894 deaths
• Politicians from Boston
• American people of English descent
• Whig Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Massachusetts
• Speakers of the United States House of Representatives
• Whig Party United States senators from Massachusetts
• 1852 United States presidential electors
• Members of the Massachusetts House of Representatives
• Speakers of the Massachusetts House of Representatives
• Philanthropists from Massachusetts
• 19th-century American philanthropists
• Lawyers from Boston
• Harvard University alumni
• Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
• Burials at Mount Auburn Cemetery
• Winthrop family
• Boston Latin School alumni
• Members of the American Philosophical Society
• 19th-century members of the Massachusetts General Court
• 19th-century United States senators
• 19th-century members of the United States House of Representatives