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Sir Robert Dillon (c. 1500 – 1579) of Newtown near Trim was an Irish judge of the Tudor era. He served as Chief Justice of the Irish Common Pleas for more than twenty years, despite repeated calls for his removal on the grounds of age and ill health.

Birth and origins

Robert was born at the end of the 15th century, the third son of Sir James Dillon of Riverstown, County Meath, and his wife Elizabeth Bathe. His father was Baron of the Court of Exchequer. His mother was a daughter of Bartholomew Bathe of Dollardstown Castle, Athy, County Kildare. Robert was "bred to the law": Sir Bartholomew Dillon, Lord Chief Justice of Ireland, was his elder brother.

This Robert Dillon must not be confused with Bartholomew's grandson Sir Robert Dillon (died 1597), who became Chief Justice of the Irish Common Pleas a year after his grand-uncle's death. The confusion is understandable since their judicial careers overlapped to a large degree, and as Kenny (1992) points out the records of the King's Inns for the relevant period do not always make it clear which Robert Dillon is being referred to.

He was one of seven siblings, who are listed in his eldest brother's article.

Marriage and children

Dillon married Genet (also called Elizabeth) Barnewall, daughter of Edward Barnewall of Crickstown and Elizabeth Plunket, daughter of Sir Thomas Plunket, Chief Justice of the Common Pleas.

Robert and Genet had four sons:

1. Lucas (1530–1593), Chief Baron of the Irish Exchequer
2. Roger, married Margaret, daughter of Richard Misset of Ballydromny, County Cavan
3. Thomas
4. John

—and three daughters:

1. Jeane, married Sir Thomas Dillon of Drumrany
2. Elizabeth, married Henry Plunket, merchant and alderman of Dublin
3. Alison, married Baron Slane

Dillon's son Lucas would become the father of James Dillon, 1st Earl of Roscommon.

Career

Dillon followed his father and brother into the legal profession and became Attorney General for Ireland in 1534. In 1536-7 he accompanied Patrick Barnewall, the Solicitor General for Ireland, on a crucial diplomatic mission to England. One purpose of the mission was to prevent the Dissolution of the Monasteries from being extended to Ireland. They were successful in the short run, but Dillon, like Barnewall, quickly dropped his opposition to the suppression and was duly rewarded with his share in the spoils. In 1638 Dillon received St. Peter's Priory at Newtown, near Trim, County Meath. The former priory became the seat of his branch of the family, which was henceforth called the Dillons of Newtown. in 1646 he received the former Carmelite Abbey at Athnecarne (also called Ardnacrany) in County Westmeath, and the monastery of Kilkenny West. He served as seneschal of Kilkenny and Governor of Athlone. Like Barnewall he played an active part in establishing the King's Inn, Ireland's first law school, and was one of the original lessees, who held the Inn from the Crown.

In 1555 he was made a justice of the Court of King's Bench (Ireland) and on 3 September 1558 was promoted Chief Justice of the Common Pleas (also called of the Common Bench). His promotion was described as being a reward for his discretion and learning. He had then the reputation of being an efficient administrator. He was, however, at least sixty when he became Chief Justice; Elrington Ball thought that he was probably nearer seventy. In 1567 he was knighted. By 1575 complaints about his age and incapacity had reached the point where Elizabeth I was actively seeking a suitable replacement for him. Sir Henry Sidney, the Lord Deputy of Ireland, described Dillon as "much spent in years, decayed in both sense and body". He was accused of neglecting his official responsibilities; he rarely attended meetings of the Privy Council of Ireland, while he neglected his judicial duties entirely, and had effectively deputised his role as chief justice to the second justice. Sidney's ally Sir William Gerard, the Lord Chancellor of Ireland, referred to Dillon as a "scarecrow", and lobbied strongly for his removal from office. It seems however that no suitable replacement could be found as Dillon remained in office until his death in 1579, when, by Ball's reckoning, he may have been ninety years old.

Death and timeline

In a letter of the 5 July 1579 Gerard reported Dillon's death to Francis Walsingham. Dillon therefore probably died shortly before the 5 July 1579. Older sources give his year of death as 1580.

Notes and references

Notes

1. This family tree is based on the genealogies of the earls of Roscommon. Also see the lists of children in the text.
2. ^ Robert's birth date is based on Albert Pollard's "about 1500" and an age at death of about 90 given by F. Elrington Ball.

Citations

1. Pollard 1901, p. 135, left column, line 1. "Dillon, Sir Robert (1500? – 1580) Irish judge born about 1500 ..."
2. Ball 1926, p. 139, penultimate line. "... when death obliged him, at about the age of four-score and ten years, to relinquish his grasp."
3. Lodge 1789, p. 154, line 11. "Sir Robert Dillon of Newtown, near Trim (third son of James of Riverston, and Elizabeth Bathe) ..."
4. Pollard 1901, p. . ""
5. Kenny 1992, p. 65.
6. Lodge 1789, p. 142, line 29. "... had five sons and two daughters ..."
7. ^ Crawford 2004, p. 223, left column. "Dillon and his wife had four sons and three daughters ..."
8. Lodge 1789, p. 155, line 4. "Roger, who married Margaret, daughter of Richard Misset, of Ballydromny ..."
9. Lodge 1789, p. 155, line 18. "Jeane, married to Sir Thomas Dillon of Drumrany;"
10. Lodge 1789, p. 155, line 19. "Elizabeth, to Henry Plunket, Merchant and Alderman of Dublin;"
11. Lodge 1789, p. 155, line 20. "Alison to the Lord Slane"
12. Burke 1866, p. 171. "Alison to the Lord Slane"
13. Cokayne 1895, p. 410, line 15. "1. James Dillon, s. and h. of Sir Lucas Dillon of Newtown and Moymet co. Meath, Chief Baron of the Exchequer  ] and Senechal of the Barony of Kilkenny West, by Jane da. of James Bathe, also Chief Baron of the Exchequer  ..."
14. ^ Ball 1926, p. 206, line 27. "... became the king's attorney in Ireland 1534."
15. Hart 2000, p. 33. "... to send Barnewall and Dillon to England ..."
16. ^ Pollard 1901, p. 135, left column, line 20. "... receiving on 22 Dec. 1538 the site of St. Peter's Priory, Newton ..."
17. Pollard 1901, p. 135, left column, line 22. "and on 20 March 1545-6 the site of the Carmelite monastery at Athnecame in the same county "
18. Kenny 1992, pp. 31–33.
19. ^ Lodge 1789, p. 154, line 24. "... advanced, 3 September following , to be Chief Justice of the Common Pleas ..."
20. Ball 1926, p. 206, line 36. "... chief justice of the Common Bench 1559;"
21. Ball 1926, p. 206, line 34. "... recommended for his discretion and learning."
22. ^ Shaw 1906, p. 73. "1567 Dec. Robert Dillon (de Lion) of Newtown, co. Meath, lord chief justice of the Common Pleas (ibid.) ."
23. Pollard 1901, p. 135, left column, line 41. "On 1 March 1574-5 Elizabeth expressed her intention of sending over an Englishman to supply Dillon's place ..."]
24. Ball 1926, p. 142. as quoted
25. Crawford 2005, p. 106.
26. Crawford 2005, pp. 106–107.
27. Ball 1926, p. 139, penultimate line. "... when death obliged him, at about the age of four-score and ten years, to relinquish his grasp."
28. Crawford 2004, p. 222, right column, line 56. "... on 5 July 1579 he wrote to Walsingham that Dillon had died."
29. ^ McCormack & Clavin 2009, paragraph 3. "... his death, which occurred shortly before 5 July 1579."
30. Pollard 1901, p. 135, line 45. "... his death in April 1580 ..."
31. Ball 1926, p. 206, line 39. "died 1580;"
32. Ball 1926, p. 191, line 18. "... was appointed chief justice of the King's Bench 1533; died same year;"
33. Fryde et al. 1986, p. 43, line 15. "Edward VI ... acc. 28 Jan. 1547;"
34. Fryde et al. 1986, p. 43, line 27. "Mary I … acc. 6 Jul. 1553;"
35. Fryde et al. 1986, p. 43, line 41. "Elizabeth I … acc. 17 Nov. 1558;"
36. Fryde et al. 1986, p. 168, line19 . "1565, 13 Oct. / 20 Jan. 1566 / Henry Sidney, L.D. "
37. Lodge 1789, pp. 139–142 (footnote). "We now return to Sir Richard Dillon ..."

Sources

• Ball, Francis Elrington (1926). The Judges in Ireland 1221–1921. Vol. I (1st ed.). London: John Murray. OCLC 832154869. – 1221 to 1690
• Burke, Bernard (1866). A Genealogical History of the Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited and Extinct Peerages of the British Empire (New ed.). London: Harrison. OCLC 11501348.
• Cokayne, George Edward (1895). Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct, or Dormant. Vol. VI (1st ed.). London: George Bell and Sons. OCLC 1180818801. – N to R (for Roscommon)
• Crawford, Jon G. (2004). "Dillon, Robert (d. 1579?)". In Matthew, Colin; Harrison, Brian (eds.). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 16. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 222–223. ISBN 0-19-861366-0.
• Crawford, Jon G. (2005). A Star Chamber Court in Ireland: The Court of Castle Chamber, 1571–1641. Dublin: Four Courts Press. ISBN 978-1-85182-934-7.
• Fryde, Edmund Boleslaw; Greenway, D. E.; Porter, S.; Roy, I., eds. (1986). Handbook of British Chronology. Royal Historical Society Guides and Handbooks, No. 2 (3rd ed.). London: Offices of the Royal Historical Society. ISBN 0-86193-106-8. – (for timeline)
• Hart, A. R. (2000). History of the King’s Serjeants at Law in Ireland. Dublin: Four Courts Press. ISBN 978-1-85182-528-8. – (Snippet view)
• Kenny, Colum (1992). The King's Inns and the Kingdom of Ireland. Dublin: Irish Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-7165-2472-4. – (Snippet view)
• Lodge, John (1789). Archdall, Mervyn (ed.). The Peerage of Ireland or, A Genealogical History of the Present Nobility of that Kingdom. Vol. IV. Dublin: James Moore. OCLC 264906028. – Viscounts
• McCormack, Anthony; Clavin, Terry (October 2009). McGuire, James; Quinn, James (eds.). "Dillon, Sir Robert". Dictionary of Irish Biography. Retrieved 29 April 2022.
• Pollard, Albert Frederick (1901). "Dillon, Sir Robert (1500?–1580)". In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography Supplement. Vol. II. New York: MacMillan and Co. p. 135. OCLC 9146854.
• Shaw, William A. (1906). The Knights of England. Vol. II. London: Sherratt & Hughes. – Knights bachelors & Index

• 1580 deaths
• Attorneys-general for Ireland
• Chief justices of the Irish Common Pleas
• Justices of the Irish King's Bench
• People from Trim, County Meath
• Lawyers from County Meath
• 16th-century Irish judges