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Robert Runnels Williams (February 16, 1886 – October 2, 1965) was an American chemist, known for being the first to chemically fully characterize and then synthesize thiamine (vitamin B₁). He first isolated thiamine in 1933, and synthesized it in 1935, reporting this in 1936. Williams also provided the modern name "thiamine" from the molecule's sulfur atom, and it being a vitamin (a class ultimately named for the earlier-known amine of thiamine itself).

Among his awards were the Elliott Cresson Medal in 1940 and the Perkin Medal in 1947. He was elected to both the American Philosophical Society and the United States National Academy of Sciences. His brother was Roger J. Williams, another important chemist at the time and discoverer of Vitamin B₅.

Life

He was born in Nellore, India to Baptist missionaries. He moved to the United States when he was ten. In the early 1900s, Williams studied at Ottawa University and eventually procured a master's degree at the University of Chicago in 1908. He then spent some time teaching in the Philippines. After returning to the United States, he worked for Bell Telephone Laboratories from 1915, until he retired in 1945.

A resident of Summit, New Jersey, Williams died there at the age of 79 on October 2, 1965.

Work

• 1933-4 - developed a way of isolating 1/3 an ounce of thiamine from a ton of rice polishings.
• 1935 - Worked out its molecular structure and named it "thiamine" from its sulfur atom and amino group
• 1935 - Synthesized thiamine (vitamin B₁), reporting the work in 1936.

References

1. Williams, R. R.; Cline, J. K. (1936). "Synthesis of Vitamin B1". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 58 (8): 1504–1505. doi:10.1021/ja01299a505.
2. ^ Tylicki, Adam; Łotowski, Zenon; Siemieniuk, Magdalena; Ratkiewicz, Artur (2018). "Thiamine and selected thiamine antivitamins — biological activity and methods of synthesis". Bioscience Reports. 38 (1). doi:10.1042/BSR20171148. PMC 6435462. PMID 29208764.
3. "APS Member History". search.amphilsoc.org. Retrieved April 19, 2023.
4. "Robert R. Williams". www.nasonline.org. Retrieved April 19, 2023.
5. Asimov, Asimov's Biographical Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, 2nd revised edition
6. Staff. "Elizabeth Howell engaged to marry; Ex-Student at Hewlett School to Be Bride of Fergus Reid Buckley, Who Is at Yale Abrams--Rubin Williams--Wiederspahn", The New York Times, January 20, 1951. Accessed February 19, 2011.

External links

• Invent Now Hall of Fame profile

• 1886 births
• 1965 deaths
• 20th-century American chemists
• 20th-century American inventors
• People from Summit, New Jersey
• Vitamin researchers
• American expatriates in British India
• Members of the American Philosophical Society