The Roe effect is a hypothesis about the long-term effect of abortion on the political balance of the United States, which suggests that since supporters of the legalization of abortion cause the erosion of their own political base, the practice of abortion will eventually lead to the restriction or illegalization of abortion. It is named after Roe v. Wade, the U.S. Supreme Court case that effectively legalized abortion nationwide in the U.S. Its best-known proponent is James Taranto of The Wall Street Journal who coined the phrase "Roe effect" in Best of the Web Today, his OpinionJournal.com column.
Put simply, this hypothesis holds that:
- Those who favor legal abortion are much more likely to have the procedure than those who oppose it.
- Children usually follow their parents' political leanings.
- Therefore, pro-abortion rights parents will have more abortions and, hence, fewer children.
- Therefore, the pro-abortion rights population gradually shrinks in proportion to the anti-abortion population.
- Therefore, support for legal abortions will decline over time.
A similar argument suggests that political groups that oppose abortion will tend to have more supporters in the long run than those who support it. In 2005, the Wall Street Journal published a detailed explanation and statistical evidence that Taranto says supports his hypothesis.
Taranto first discussed the concept in January 2003, and named it in December 2003. He later suggested that the Roe effect serves as an explanation for the fact that the fall in teen birth rates is "greatest in liberal states, where pregnant teenagers would be more likely to and thus less likely to carry their babies to term."
The Journal has also published articles about this topic by Larry L. Eastland and Arthur C. Brooks. Eastland has argued that Democrats have had higher rates of abortion than Republicans following Roe, while Brooks points out liberals have a lower fertility rate than conservatives.
According to American historian Elizabeth Fox-Genovese the existence of such an effect "cannot be doubted" but "its nature, causes, and consequences may be." Fox-Genovese said that "Taranto has advanced an arresting argument that deserves more extended treatment."
Wellesley College Professor of Economics Phillip Levine, while acknowledging that Taranto's hypothesis cannot be dismissed out of hand, has said there are several flaws in Taranto's reasoning. He writes that the conditions laid out by Taranto make several incorrect assumptions, most notably that pregnancies are events that are completely out of the control of the women. He writes, "If people engage in sexual activity (or not), or choose to use birth control (or not), independent of outside influences, then statistical statements would be valid." Levine concludes that the hypothesis passes the test of plausibility but that it "would be unwarranted to draw any definitive conclusions regarding the actual contribution of the Roe Effect in determining contemporary political outcomes."
References
- Taranto, James (6 July 2005). "The Roe Effect". OpinionJournal. Archived from the original on 3 January 2010.
- Taranto, James (17 January 2003). "Sex and the GOP". OpinionJournal. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 9 July 2022.
- Taranto, James (14 April 2005). "Babies Having (Fewer) Babies". OpinionJournal. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 9 July 2022.
- Eastland, Larry L. (28 June 2004). "The Empty Cradle Will Rock". OpinionJournal. Archived from the original on 12 April 2008. Retrieved 9 July 2022.
- Brooks, Arthur C. (22 August 2006). "The Fertility Gap". OpinionJournal. Archived from the original on 17 January 2009. Retrieved 9 July 2022.
- Hoover, Kevin D. (2008). "The Vanity of the Economist: A Comment on Peart and Levy's The "Vanity of the Philosopher"". The American Journal of Economics and Sociology. 67 (3): 452. doi:10.1111/j.1536-7150.2008.00581.x. hdl:10161/2039. ISSN 0002-9246. JSTOR 27739718.
- Fox-Genovese, Elizabeth (July 2005). "Which "Roe effect"?". Society. 42 (5): 27–29. doi:10.1007/BF02687479. ISSN 0147-2011. S2CID 144061448.
- Levine, Phillip B. (2005-07-01). "Is there any substance to the "Roe effect"?". Society. 42 (5): 15–17. doi:10.1007/BF02687477. ISSN 1936-4725. S2CID 144398481.
