Roger Vaughan may refer to:
- Roger Vaughan (archbishop) (1834–1883), English Benedictine monk of Downside Abbey and Roman Catholic Archbishop of Sydney, 1877–1883
- Sir Roger Vaughan of Bredwardine (died 1415), Welsh knight, killed at the Battle of Agincourt
- Sir Roger Vaughan of Tretower (died 1471), Welsh knight, son of Sir Roger Vaughan of Bredwardine and Welsh noblewoman Gwladys ferch Dafydd Gam
- Sir Roger Vaughan of Porthamal, Welsh knight, MP for Breconshire, 1553–1562, 1571, and Brecon, 1562–1567
- Roger Vaughan (of Clyro), Welsh politician, MP for Radnorshire, 1572
- Roger Vaughan (MP for Hereford) (c. 1641–1672), English politician and courtier, MP for Hereford, 1662–1673
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