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Catholic Church in Greece
Greek: Καθολική Εκκλησία στην Ελλάδα
Cathedral Basilica of St. Dionysius the Areopagite
Type	National polity
Classification	Catholic
Governance	Catholic Bishops' Conference of Greece
Pope	Francis
Apostolic Nuncio	Savio Hon
Region	Greece
Language	Latin Greek
Founder	Apostles Andrew and Paul
Origin	1st century

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v t e

The Catholic Church in Greece is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome. Indigenous Roman Catholic Greeks numbered about 50,000-70,000 in 2022 and were a religious and not an ethnic minority. Most of them are a remnant of Venetian and Genoese rule in southern Greece and many Greek islands (in both the Aegean and Ionian seas) from the early 13th until the late 18th century, Greeks who converted to Catholicism or descendants of the thousands of Bavarians that came to Greece in the 1830s as soldiers and civil administrators, accompanying King Otto. One very old but still common term to reference to them is Φράγκοι, or "Franks", dating to the times of the Byzantine Empire, when medieval Greeks would use that term to describe all Catholics.

Since the early 1990s however, the number of Catholic permanent residents of Greece has greatly increased; as of 2002, they numbered 200,000 at the very least, and probably more. These Catholics are immigrants from Eastern Europe (especially Poland) or from the Philippines, but also include Western European immigrants that live permanently in Athens, Thessaloniki or the Greek islands (especially Crete, Syros, Rhodes and Corfu).

Today, the majority of Catholics live in Athens, a city of about four million people; the rest of them can be found all over Greece. Most indigenous Catholics live in the islands, and especially the Cyclades, where Syros and Tinos in particular have some entirely Catholic villages and parishes. Catholics can be found also in Corfu, Naxos, Santorini, Kefalonia, Zakynthos, Rhodes, Kos, Crete, Samos, Lesbos and Chios. In the mainland, Catholic communities are smaller, and include those of Patras (a city that was home to a large Italian community until World War II), Thessaloniki, Kavala, Volos etc. In addition to Roman Catholics who represent the vast majority of the faithful, there were about 5,000 members of the Greek Byzantine Catholic Church and a few hundred Armenian Catholics in 2002.

The Catholic Church itself states that "the total population of Catholics in Greece exceeds 350,000". Other estimates suggested that there were 133,000 Catholics in Greece (1.22% of the population) in 2020.

The Catholic Church is recognised by the Greek government and Catholic schools operate in the country.

History

Before the division of the church in 1054, there were structures of the Catholic Church in Greece. Since the 5th century, the Roman Catholic archbishop of Thessalonica led the Illyrian Vicariate of the Latin Church. Until 1054, there was mutual recognition between the Latin and Byzantine communities in Greece.

After the separation of churches in 1054, a split occurred between these communities. After the church split and the conquest of Greece by the Ottoman Empire, the Greek Catholics began to be called "Franks" (Greek Φράγκοι). This name of local Catholics came from the faith professed by the Franks. Orthodox Greeks, distinguishing themselves from the Franks, called themselves the "Romans" (Greek Ρωμαιοι), identifying themselves with the Byzantine Empire, which considered itself the successor to the Roman Empire.

After the Fourth Crusade in 1204, the residence of the Latin patriarch with 12 dioceses subordinate to him was established in Constantinople. In 1205, Pope Innocent III established the Latin Archdiocese in Athens. Other Latin church structures were established at the same time. In Greece, various Western monastic orders also operated.

After the conquest of Byzantium by the Ottoman Empire in 1453 in Greece, the activity of the Latin structures gradually ceased and the dioceses of the Latin rite became titular. At the same time, until the 18th century, there were numerous Venetian colonies in Greece, which possessed considerable freedom.

In 1830, a gradual restoration of Church hierarchy began in Greece. That year, Pope Gregory XVI established the first Catholic Church hierarchy, which was called the apostolic delegate. In 1834, Bishop Blancis was appointed apostolic delegate and the Holy See entrusted him with the care of Roman Catholics living in Greece. On 23 July 1875 Pope Pius IX established the archdiocese of Athens and the Peloponnese.

In 1856, a community of Greek Eastern Catholics was formed in Constantinople, which became the basis of the Greek Byzantine Catholic Church.

In 1979, the Holy See established diplomatic relations with Greece.

Popes from Greece

• Pope Hyginus
• Pope Eleutherius
• Pope Sixtus II

Bishops' Conference

The Bishops' Conference of Greece (Hiera Synodos Katholikis Hierarkhias Hellados) has six members:

• The archbishop of Corfu and apostolic administrator of Thessaloniki
• The archbishop of Naxos and Tinos and apostolic administrator of Chios
• The archbishop of Athens and apostolic administrator of Rhodes
• The bishop of Syros and Santorini and apostolic administrator of Crete
• The exarch of the Greek Catholics of Byzantine Rite (based in Athens)
• The ordinary of the Armenian Catholics (based in Athens)

Papal representatives to Greece

Organization

Roman Catholic

• Archdiocese of Athens
• Archdiocese of Rhodos
• Archdiocese of Corfù, Zante and Cefalonia
• Archdiocese of Naxos, Andros, Tinos and Mykonos
  • Diocese of Chios
  • Diocese of Crete
  • Diocese of Santorini
  • Diocese of Syros and Milos
• Apostolic Vicariate of Thessaloniki

Dioceses

• Catholic Archdiocese of Corfu
• Catholic Archdiocese of Rhodes
• Catholic Archdiocese of Naxos - Tinos
• Greek (Byzantine) Catholic Exarchate

Parishes

• Catholic parish of Heraklion
• Catholic parish of Kavala
• Catholic parish of Patras
• Catholic parish of Thessaloniki
• German-speaking Catholic community in Greece
• Polish Catholic community in Greece

Others

• Caritas Hellas
• Jesuit Community in Greece

Notable Greek Roman Catholics

• Demetrios Kydones, theologian
• Ioannis Kyparissiotes, theologian
• Thomas Palaiologos, Despot of Morea
• Andreas Palaiologos, Despot of Morea
• Basilius Bessarion, scholar, theologian and cardinal
• Ioannis Argyropoulos, scholar
• Ioannis Kottounios, scholar
• Marcus Musurus, scholar
• Leo Allatius, scholar
• Francisco Leontaritis, composer
• Vincenzos Cornaros, poet, playwright
• Lorentzos Mavilis, poet and martyr
• Ioannis Andreas Kargas, bishop of Syros
• Dominikos Theotokopoulos ("El Greco"), painter
• Constantine Gerachis (Phaulkon), adventurer
• Ioannis Marangos, archbishop
• Markos Vamvakaris, musician
• Antonis Delatolas, publisher of To Pontiki
• Maria Korinthiou, actress

Gallery

• St. Andrew in Patras
• Immaculate Conception Cathedral, Thessaloniki
• St. Antonios, Rethymno
• Saint George's Cathedral, Syros
• Church of Presentation of the Lord in Naxos
• Assumption Cathedral, Chania (Capuchin)
• Cathedral of Saint John the Baptist in Fira
• St. Joseph, Alexandroupoli
• St. Nicolaus in Argostoli
• Metamorphosis church in Nafplio

See also

• Greek Byzantine Catholic Church
• List of Greek popes
• Religion in Greece
• Greek Orthodox Church

References

1. ^ "Religious Freedom in Greece (September2002)". Greek Helsinki Monitor Minority Rights Group - Greece. Archived from the original (RTF) on 2007-09-29. Retrieved 2007-09-15.
2. Catholic Church in Greece website, retrieved 2023-13-10
3. Catholics and Culture website, retrieved 2023-08-08
4. US State Dept 2022 report
5. Deno John Geanakoplos, Byzantium: Church, Society, and Civilization Seen Through Contemporary Eyes (University of Chicago Press, 1984), p. 203
6. A.P. Vlasto, The Entry of the Slavs into Christendom (Cambridge University Press, 1970, p. 308

External links

• Catholic Church in Greece

v t e Frankokratia (1204–1797)
History	Fourth Crusade Constantinople 1203 Constantinople 1204 Partitio Romaniae Kountouras Grove Treaty of Nymphaeum Constantinople 1235 Genoese occupation of Rhodes War of the Euboeote Succession Pelagonia Constantinople 1260 Constantinople 1261 Treaty of Viterbo Prinitza Makryplagi Settepozzi Neopatras Demetrias Revolt of Alexios Kallergis Hospitaller conquest of Rhodes Halmyros Manolada Byzantine–Genoese War Revolt of Saint Titus Echinades Rhodes 1444 Vlastos' conspiracy 1st Ottoman–Venetian War Rhodes 1480 2nd Ottoman–Venetian War Rhodes 1522 3rd Ottoman–Venetian War 4th Ottoman–Venetian War 5th Ottoman–Venetian War Siege of Candia 6th Ottoman–Venetian War 7th Ottoman–Venetian War Fall of the Republic of Venice Treaty of Campo Formio
Major centres	Cities Constantinople Thessaloniki Glarentza Patras Athens Islands Crete Chios Lesbos Rhodes Naxos
States and territories	Latin Empire Kingdom of Thessalonica Principality of Achaea Akova Arcadia Argos and Nauplia Bodonitsa Chalandritsa Estamira Geraki Gritzena Kalavryta Karytaina Nikli Passavant Patras Veligosti and Damala Vostitsa Duchy of Athens Salona Duchy of Neopatras County Palatine of Cephalonia and Zakynthos Lordship of Chios Maona of Chios and Phocaea Catalan Company Navarrese Company Hospitaller Rhodes Triarchy of Negroponte Duchy of the Archipelago Stato da Màr of the Republic of Venice Crete Ionian Islands Modon and Coron Kingdom of the Morea Lepanto Parga Preveza
People	Latin Emperors Latin Empresses Latin Patriarchate of Constantinople Princes of Achaea Princesses of Achaea Baillis of Achaea Archbishops of Patras Archbishops of Corinth Tocco Carlo I Acciaioli Antonio I Angevins Charles I of Naples Gattilusi Pallavicini family Villehardouin family Geoffrey I William II Marco I Sanudo Boniface I, Marquess of Montferrat Knights Hospitaller Pierre d'Aubusson Juan Fernández de Heredia Philippe Villiers de L'Isle-Adam Foulques de Villaret Roger de Flor Zaccaria Benedetto I Martino Centurione II
Cultural impact	Chronicle of the Morea Chronicle of the Tocco Assizes of Romania Catholic Church in the Middle East Latin Church in the Middle East Latins Catholic Church in Greece Cretan school Cretan literature Heptanese school (painting) Cuisine of Greece
Monuments	Frankish Argyrokastro Castle Chlemoutsi Exomvourgo Fortifications of Rhodes Grand Magne Isova Old Navarino castle Palace of the Grand Master of the Knights of Rhodes Platamon Castle Zaraka Monastery Genoese Castle of Chios Castle of Mytilene Venetian Arkadi Monastery Bourtzi Castle Frangokastello Fortezza of Rethymno Fortifications of Chania Fortifications of Heraklion Gouverneto Monastery Koules Fortress Toplou Monastery New Fortress, Corfu Old Fortress, Corfu Palamidi

• Catholic Church in Greece
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