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| Ross Bay Villa | |
|---|---|
 Ross Bay Villa, south façade | |
| Type | Historic House Museum |
| Location | 1490 Fairfield Road Victoria, British Columbia V8S 1E8 |
| Coordinates | 48°24′43″N 123°20′30″W / 48.41194°N 123.34167°W / 48.41194; -123.34167 |
| Built | 1865 |
| Architect | John Wright, likely |
| Architectural style(s) | Gothic Revival |
| Owner | Ross Bay Villa Society |
The Ross Bay Villa is a historic house museum, at 1490 Fairfield Road in Victoria, British Columbia, owned and operated by the Ross Bay Villa Society. The single-family home, built in 1865, is a Heritage Designated building in the City of Victoria. The Villa is one of only about 10 residences in Victoria known to survive from before 1870.
Originally located on a 1.9-acre parcel owned by Charles Buxton, an English philanthropist and MP, the one-storey cottage was built five km from the growing town of Victoria, well outside the existing town limits, and served only by a dirt trail to the nearest neighbours, Mrs. Isabella Ross (the first woman to own property in the colony), and Robert Burnaby. The house was largely surrounded by bush, farmland and the swamps of Fairfield, Greater Victoria. The first occupants were Francis James Roscoe and his wife Anna Letitia Roscoe. The house was likely designed by John Wright, the only full-time professional architect practising in Victoria at the time. Wright has been described as the founding father of BC's architectural establishment. The Villa, which was not so named until 1882–83, was designed in the popular Gothic Revival architecture style, in which John Wright specialised.
Style
The Gothic Revival elements at the Ross Bay Villa include the porch with turned columns and trefoil in the gable; finials on four peaks; and chamfered exterior window detailing.
The house
The house appears small from the outside, but measures approximately 1,650 square feet, all on one floor. The main house has 12-foot ceilings; the original rear kitchen annex is much more compact. Other significant design elements include: A split-flue chimney; an angled front bay with hipped roof; recessed porch with sidelights and transom and original front door, all originally finished in faux oak; an unusual double-ridged roof; six-over-six windows; an original cast-iron fireplace, a marbleized mantle; a plaster ceiling medallion.
Property history
In 1869, Sir James Douglas (governor), retired Governor of British Columbia, described the house, built four years earlier, in a letter to his daughter as a pretty cottage, half-buried in roses and honeysuckle…. Over time, it changed hands several times, and several large families were born and raised here. In 1912, the acreage was subdivided into 14 lots. The house straddled two lots, so retains both. By the late 1980s the residence needed major work, and in 1988 it was bought for potential development. The building continued to deteriorate and became an eyesore. In 1992, owners agreed to the property being placed on the Victoria City Heritage Register. However, development plans fell through, and in 1998 developers proposed to demolish the house, and replace it with townhouses. Heritage advocates encouraged The Land Conservancy of British Columbia to buy the property, for restoration as a heritage resource.
Today, the house and garden comprise a Historic house museum, operated by the Ross Bay Villa Society, open for tours and available for special events. One room is headquarters for the Old Cemeteries Society. The house and garden can be rented for such events as weddings.
Occupants
Ross Bay Villa has had several significant owners/occupants.
Francis James Roscoe (1830–78) and his wife, Anna Letitia Le Breton, raised five children in the house, until Roscoe's early death, in 1878. Roscoe was grandson of the prominent Liverpool Unitarian reformer and MP, William Roscoe. Francis Roscoe, with a business background in the U.K., moved to Victoria in 1862 and joined with Arthur Fellows to form Fellows & Roscoe Hardware, serving miners heading for the Cariboo Gold Rush and the growing town. Roscoe became politically active, and was elected Liberal MP for Victoria, 1874–8. (He did not run a second time, and his seat was taken by Prime Minister Sir John A. Macdonald.) Roscoe, said to be suffering from depression, apparently shot himself in December 1878. Mrs. Roscoe returned to England with her five children, and the house was subsequently rented to George Winter, coachman to the colonial governor and to several lieutenant-governors. Winter purchased the property in 1889, and rented to Harvey and Margaret Combe. Combe, registrar to the BC Supreme Court, is credited with founding the Victoria Golf Club in 1893, Canada's oldest golf club. A photograph of the Combe family in front of the Villa is the earliest known picture of the house. The Winter family lived in the house, 1892–1911. Subsequent occupants included stonemason John Mortimer, founder of Mortimer's Monumental Works. Many monuments in the Ross Bay Cemetery, opposite, bear his mark.
Restoration
On January 2, 2000, volunteers began clean-up and restoration of the Villa, clearing the house and grounds of debris and securing the building envelope. With the aid of donations and several grants, a new roof and new electrical, plumbing, alarm and fire suppression systems were installed. Volunteers replaced all the decaying foundation posts, and mounted the house's first-ever under-floor insulation and heating. On the interior, samples of every wallpaper were analyzed, with more than 100 patterns being identified, including originals in the dining-room and drawing-room, which have been reproduced on vintage wallpaper printing machines. Other papers will be made as funding and time allows. Original paint colours have been matched on all woodwork. Faux-wood panelling paper was hand-made to match the original in the entry hall. Floor coverings have been meticulously replicated by hand. When Mrs. Roscoe left the house, she sold the contents by auction, and the 1879 auction list has provided guidance in acquiring appropriate furnishings. The dining-room, drawing room, kitchen and entry hall are now virtually complete, with furnishings, books, chinaware, pictures and oil-lamps from the 1860s & ’70s.
The garden
Most details of the original garden have been lost over 150 years. However, there was evidence of a circular flower-bed in front of the porch. Several ancient fruit trees have survived, though none is as old as the house.
The restoration plan calls for all trees, bushes, perennials and annuals to be appropriate to the 1860s and ’70s, including a vegetable garden, based on contemporary nursery catalogues. Early roses and honeysuckle are being trained to grow up the house, following Sir James Douglas’ description. A flowering ginger plant, ''Roscoea purpurea, is particularly prized, as it is named after Roscoe’s grandfather, William Roscoe. Roscoea purpurea. Nick Russell photo
The Ross Bay Villa Society
The Society was incorporated 17 January 2013. It is a registered charity with the purpose of protecting, researching and promoting the Ross Bay Villa. When The Land Conservancy encountered financial difficulties, the Ross Bay Villa Society began fund-raising to purchase the property, which was completed in October 2015. The year 2015 was also celebrated as the Villa's 150th Birthday, with special events and tours throughout the year.
See also
Barr, Jones & Edwards, Ross Bay Villa: A Colonial Cottage. 2000.
External links
Official website: http://rossbayvilla.org/
References
- The address has evolved: the lane was early recorded as an extension of Foul Bay Road (1884 City Map: http://digitalcollections.library.ubc.ca/cdm/compoundobject/collection/specialp/id/1611/rec/5. The house had an address of 228 Fairfield Road 1891-1907. It was renumbered 1510 Fairfield Road, 1907-1911, then 1490 Fairfield Road thereafter.
- The house was given heritage designation by the City of Victoria in 2000. http://www.victoria.ca/assets/Departments/Planning~Development/Community~Planning/Heritage/Documents/Heritage%20Register.pdf
- Wright advertised in the Victoria Chronicle newspaper on April 25, 1865 for contractors to erect a suburban residence. No other residence in Victoria is attributed to Wright, in spring 1865. The birth of Mary Roscoe, the Roscoes’ first child, at Ross Bay was reported in the British Colonist, 21 August 1865, p.3. Subsequent street directories list the family at this address. (See footnote 1)
- Norman J. Ronnenberg in John Wright (1830-1915) Grandfather of West Coast Architecture, notes for Maltwood Art Museum show, 14 October-25 November 1990. (No page numbers) For Wright’s Victoria career, see Don Luxton, Building the West: Early Architects of B.C. (2007). For Wright’s subsequent career in California, see: Withey & Withey, Biographical Dictionary of American Architects (Deceased), 1956, pp.673-4.
- First reference to the name Ross Bay Villa is recorded with a new owner, bank teller Rowland Green, in the 1882/3, British Columbia Directory, p.43. (http://www.vpl.ca/bccd/index.php/browse/title/1882-1883/British_Columbia_Directory
- Wright also designed “Woodlands” (140 Government St., Victoria, 1861); and Pt Ellice House (2616 Pleasant St, 1861/2). He was joined in 1861 by George H. Sanders; together they designed the Emily Carr House (207 Government St, Victoria, 1862) and the brick school, “Angela College,” (923 Burdett Av., Victoria, 1865) in Gothic Revival style. A split-flue chimney, turned finials, and trefoil decorations are common elements in Wright & Sanders designs.
- Douglas to his daughter Jane, 18 July 1869. (BC Archives, Sir James Douglas fonds, B/40/2a
- http://blog.conservancy.bc.ca/
- http://www.oldcem.bc.ca/
- Co-partnership Notice, Daily British Colonist, 12 September 1862, p.1.
- Inquest finding, cited on death certificate, BC Archives 1878-09-002671.
- See Arv Olson, Backspin: 120 Years of Golf in British Columbia, passim.
- British Columbia Archives, F-07425, c.1888/9.
- Mortimer’s is still in business today. http://www.mortimersmonuments.com/
- See footnote 13.
- "Societies and Firms -- January 24, 2013".