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Rufane Shaw Donkin

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British Army general (1772–1841)

Sir
Rufane Shaw Donkin
GCH KCB FRS FRGS
Rufane Shaw Donkin
Born1772
Died1 May 1841 (aged 68-69)
AllegianceUnited Kingdom
Service / branchBritish Army
RankLieutenant-General
Battles / wars
AwardsKnight Grand Cross of the Royal Guelphic Order
Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath

Lieutenant-General Sir Rufane Shaw Donkin GCH KCB FRS FRGS (1772 – 1 May 1841), was a British Army officer of the Napoleonic era and later Member of Parliament.

Background

Rufane Donkin came of a military family and was the eldest child of General Robert Donkin, who had served with many famous British commanders including Wolfe and Gage and his Colonel, William Rufane. Young Rufane was baptised at St David's Church, Exeter, on 9 October 1772 with the name Rusaw Shaw Donkin..

Service

The Donkin Memorial, Donkin Reserve, Port Elizabeth
Donkin's name listed on the south face of the Burdett-Coutts Memorial Sundial

Becoming a captain in 1793, Donkin saw active service in the West Indies in the next year, gaining promotion to major in 1796. At the age of twenty-five he became a lieutenant colonel and in 1798 led a light battalion with distinction in Popham's expedition to Ostend. He served with Cathcart in Denmark in 1807 and two years later won command of a brigade of three regiments in the army in Portugal, which he led in victory at the Second Battle of Porto (May 1809).

On the day before the Battle of Talavera (July 1809), an advance French force surprised Donkin's brigade (positioned ahead of the main British army) before they could post pickets: the British had over 400 casualties. Donkin fell back, rallied the men at the main line and led the brigade throughout the battle.

The Army then transferred Donkin, in the role of quartermaster-general, to the Mediterranean command. He served there from 1810 to 1813, taking part in the Catalan expeditions under Lieutenant-General Frederick Maitland (1812) and Lord William Bentinck (1813). In July 1815, the now Major-General Donkin received a posting to India, distinguishing himself as a divisional commander in Hastings's operations against the Mahrattas (1817–1818) and receiving the KCB as his reward. The death of his young wife Elizabeth Frances née Markham seriously affected him, after that he went to the Cape of Good Hope on extended sick leave. From 1820 to 1821 he administered the Cape Colony with success as acting Governor. He named the rising seaport of Algoa Bay Port Elizabeth in memory of his wife and in August 1820 erected a memorial to her on a hill overlooking Algoa Bay. In 1821 he became lieutenant general and a Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Guelphic Order.

Post-army

The rest of Donkin's life passed in literary and political work. He was one of the original fellows of the Royal Geographical Society, and was a member of the Royal Society and of many other learned bodies. His theories as to the course of the River Niger, published under the title Dissertation on the Course and Probable Termination of the Niger (London, 1829), involved him in a good deal of controversy. From 1832 to 1837 he sat in the House of Commons as Member of Parliament (MP) for Berwick-upon-Tweed, and in 1835 became Surveyor-General of the Ordnance. He was elected as MP for Sandwich in 1839, and held that seat until he committed suicide at Southampton on 1 May 1841. He was then a general, and colonel of the 11th Regiment of Foot.

He is listed as one of the important graves lost on the Burdett-Coutts Memorial Sundial in Old St. Pancras Churchyard in London.

Rufane Donkin's cousin, Charles Collier Michell, served as the surveyor-general of the Cape Colony.

See also

References

  1. ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Donkin, Sir Rufane Shaw" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 8 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 417.
  2. Burke, John (1835). A genealogical and heraldic History of the Commoners of Great Britain and Ireland, enjoying territorial possessions or high official rank, but uninvested with heritable honours. Vol. 2. Colburn. p. 69. DONKIN, SIR RUFANE-SHAW, m. first, Elizabeth-Frances, eldest daughter of the Very Rev. Dr. George Markham, dean of York, and grand-daughter of the late Archbishop of York
  3. Markham, Edward (1963). McCormick, E.H. (ed.). New Zealand or recollections of it. Wellington: Government Printer. pp. 13–14. Retrieved 7 April 2013. on 30 August 1815 the Dean's eldest daughter, Elizabeth, married General Rufane Donkin, who soon afterwards left for India to take up the appointment of Quartermaster-General. 'Poor Bessie' bore a son and died at Meerut .
  4. Selwyn, William (1891). "The Port Elizabeth Pyramid". Cape carols and miscellaneous verses. Cape Town: Argus Print. and Pub. Co. p. 21. Retrieved 9 January 2014.

External links

Parliament of the United Kingdom
Preceded byMarcus Beresford
Sir Francis Blake 		Member of Parliament for Berwick-upon-Tweed
1832–1837
With: Sir Francis Blake 1832–1835
James Bradshaw 1835–1837 		Succeeded byRichard Hodgson
William Holmes
Preceded bySir James Rivett-Carnac, Bt
Sir Edward Troubridge, Bt 		Member of Parliament for Sandwich
1839–1841
With: Sir Edward Troubridge, Bt 		Succeeded byHugh Hamilton Lindsay
Sir Edward Troubridge, Bt
Military offices
Preceded byLord Edward Somerset Surveyor-General of the Ordnance
1835–1841 		Succeeded byCharles Richard Fox
Preceded bySir Henry Tucker Montresor Colonel of the 11th (the North Devonshire) Regiment of Foot
1837–1841 		Succeeded byJohn Wilson
Preceded bySir Alexander Campbell, 1st Baronet Colonel of the 80th Regiment of Foot (Staffordshire Volunteers)
1825–1837 		Succeeded byJohn Taylor
South Africa Governors of the Cape Colony
British occupation
1806–1814
British colony
1814–1910		 Those in italics were acting governors
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