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General Population Census of the Russian Federation Всеобщая перепись населения Российской Федерации Vseobshchaya perepis' naseleniya Rossiyskoy Federatsiyi
Frequency	Decennially (since 2010)
Country	Russia
Inaugurated	February 9, 1897; 127 years ago (1897-02-09)
Most recent	October 1, 2021; 3 years ago (2021-10-01)
Next event	2031
Organised by	Ministry of Internal Affairs (1897–1917) Central Statistical Directorate (1918–1987) State Committee for Statistics (1987–1991) Federal State Statistics Service (since 1991)
Website	gks.ru

A Russian census is a census of the population of Russia. Such a census has occurred at various irregular points in the history of Russia.

Introduced in 1897 during the Russian Empire, the census took place decennially since 2010 according to the UN standards. Preparing and organizing the census is under the authority of the Federal State Statistics Service, branch of the Ministry of Economic Development since 2017.

History

Year	Territory (km)	Total population	Rank	Density per km	Change	Urban population	Share	Males	Share	Females	Share	Largest city	Second largest city	Ethnic Russians	Share	Ethnic minorities	Notes
1897	20 121 420	125 640 021	3rd	6.24	0.0%	16 828 395	13.4%	62 477 348	49.7%	63 162 673	50.3%	St. Petersburg (1 264 920)	Moscow (est. 1 038 625)	55 667 469	44.3%	Ukrainians (22 380 551) Turks (13 373 867)
1920	est.  19 651 446	est.  136 800 000		6.96	8.9%	est.  20 900 000	15.3%	—	—	—	—	Moscow (est. 1 028 200)	Petrograd (est. 740 000)	—	—	—
1926	19 651 446	100 891 244		5.13	26.2%	17 442 655	17.3%	48 170 635	47.7%	52 720 609	52.3%	Moscow (2 025 947)	Leningrad (1 590 770)	74 072 096	73.4%	Ukrainians (7 873 331) Kazakhs (3 851 661)
1937		103 967 924		5.30	3.0%	34 373 245	33.1%	48 726 033	46.9%	55 241 891	53.1%	Moscow (3 798 078)	Leningrad (2 814 474)	85 361 394	82.1%	Tatars (3 607 507) Ukrainians (3 087 022)
1939		109 397 463	6th	5.57	5.2%	36 875 233	33.7%	51 593 770	47.2%	57 803 693	52.8%	Moscow (4 131 633)	Leningrad (3 191 304)	90 306 276	82.5%	Tatars (3 901 835) Ukrainians (3 359 184)
1959	17 098 246	117 534 315		6.87	7.4%	62 059 783	52.8%	52 424 767	44.6%	65 109 548	55.4%	Moscow (5 045 905)	Leningrad (3 121 196)	97 863 579	83.3%	Tatars (4 074 253) Ukrainians (3 359 083)
1970		130 079 210		7.61	10.7%	80 981 143	62.2%	59 324 787	45.6%	70 754 423	54.4%	Moscow (6 941 961)	Leningrad (3 949 501)	107 747 630	82.8%	Tatars (4 755 061) Ukrainians (3 345 885)
1979		137 550 949		8.04	5.6%	95 373 867	69.3%	63 482 780	46.1%	74 068 169	53.9%	Moscow (7 830 509)	Leningrad (4 588 183)	113 521 881	82.6%	Tatars (5 005 757) Ukrainians (3 657 647)
1989		147 021 869		8.60	7%	108 425 580	73.7%	69 039 087	46.9%	78 361 450	53.1%	Moscow (8 769 117)	Leningrad (5 023 506)	119 865 946	81.5%	Tatars (5 522 096) Ukrainians (4 362 872)
2002		145 166 731		8.49	1.5%	106 429 049	73.3%	67 605 133	46.6%	77 561 598	53.4%	Moscow (10 382 754)	St. Petersburg (4 661 219)	115 889 107	79.8%	Tatars (5 554 601) Ukrainians (2 942 961)
2010		142 856 536	9th	8.35	1.6%	105 313 773	73.7%	66 046 579	46.2%	76 809 957	53.8%	Moscow (11 503 501)	St. Petersburg (4 879 566)	111 016 896	77.7%	Tatars (5 310 649) Ukrainians (1 927 988)
2021	17 125 191	147 182 123		8.59	3.0%	110 075 322	74.8%	68 431 580	46.5%	78 750 543	53.5%	Moscow (13 010 112)	St. Petersburg (5 601 911)	105 579 179	71.7%	Tatars (4 713 669) Chechens (1 674 854)

See also

• Demographics of Russia
• Revision list

Notes

1. The first census in Russian history. The first and only census of the Russian Empire. The overall territory of the Empire comprised est. 22 440 000 km, but the 1897 census excluded the Grand Duchy of Finland except the capital city Gelsingfors (now Helsinki). Along with the numbers presented, the census also shows 13,276 of Finland's Russian population, 13,158 abroad travelling on warships, 10,308 of the Russian population in the Protectorate of Bukhara and 3,919 in the Khanate of Khiva. Ukrainians labeled as Little Russians. Turks include the turkic peoples of Russia, i.e. Tatars, Bashkirs, Kazakhs, Turkmens, Azerbaijanis, Crimean Tatars, etc.
2. Took place during the Russian Civil War and the Soviet-Polish War. Excluded Crimea, the Far East, the Northern Caucasus and other territories.
3. The first full-scale census in the Soviet Union.
4. Initially set to take place in 1933, but was delayed multiple times due to Joseph Stalin's policies of collectivization, forced famine and political repression which lowered the population drastically. The only one-day census in the Russian history. Proclaimed defective by the Soviet government in September 1937.
5. Took place instead of the "defective" 1937 census.
6. The population increased markedly as a result of the Soviet Union's territorial expansion by World War II.
7. The last census of the Soviet Union.
8. The first census after the breakup of the USSR indicating a marked decline after the demographic crisis of the early 1990s. Compared to the population of the Soviet Union as of 1989, Russia lost 49.4% of the population, including approximately 30 million ethnic Russians.
9. The first census carried out by UN standards.
10. Includes Crimea, occupied and illegally annexed from Ukraine in 2014. Postponed in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

References

1. "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1937 года: Общие итоги". docs.historyrussia.org.
2. "Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей". www.demoscope.ru. Retrieved 2022-02-10.
3. "Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей". www.demoscope.ru. Retrieved 2022-02-10.
4. "Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей". www.demoscope.ru. Retrieved 2022-02-10.
5. "Росстат ― Всероссийская перепись населения 2020". rosstat.gov.ru. Retrieved 2022-11-08.

• Demographics of Russia
• Censuses in Russia