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Salamanca Formation
Stratigraphic range: latest Maastrichtian-Danian (Tiupampan-Riochican) ~66.0–57 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Unit of	Río Chico Group
Underlies	Peñas Coloradas Formation (Río Chico Group)
Overlies	Lago Colhué Huapí Formation (Chubut Group)
Lithology
Primary	Sandstone, mudstone
Other	Limestone
Location
Country	Argentina
Extent	Golfo San Jorge Basin
Type section
Region	Chubut and Santa Cruz Provinces
Country	Argentina
Location of the Salamanca Formation within Argentina

The Salamanca Formation is a geologic formation in the Golfo San Jorge Basin of central Patagonia that yields well-preserved, well-dated fossils from the early Paleocene. Studies of these fossils are providing new data on plant and animal diversity following the end-Cretaceous extinction event.

The Salamanca Formation crops out in the San Jorge Basin in southern Chubut and northern Santa Cruz provinces, Argentina, overlying the Cretaceous Chubut Group and is part of the Paleocene and Eocene Río Chico Group. The formation yields abundant plant remains as well as fossils of invertebrates, marine macrofaunas, reptiles, and mammals. The formation consists primarily of estuarine to shallow marine deposits.

Palynological analysis of the Salamanca Formation shows low floral diversity after the end-Cretaceous mass extinction, followed by a rapid recovery. 50% of all pollen types are angiosperms, whereas gymnosperms accounted for only ~13% of total richness; however, Classopollis pollen, representing the extinct conifer family Cheirolepidiaceae, is the most abundant palynomorph. Wood assemblages from the Salamanca Formation are dominated by conifers, but the presence of fossil angiosperm woods indicate that they were also part of the canopy. The co-occurrence of palms, dicot woods with indistinct growth rings, and alligatorids, indicates temperature remained above freezing year-round. The results of leaf physiognomic analyses indicate that the climate in the San Jorge Basin during the early Paleocene was warm subtropical.

Paleoflora

Paleofauna

Fish

Name	Species	Locality	Material	Notes	Image
Xiphactinus	X. sp.			A member of the Ichthyodectiformes.

Amphibians

Reptiles

Testudines

Crocodylomorphs

Name	Species	Locality	Material	Notes	Image
Eocaiman	E. palaeocenicus	Punta Peligro		A caimanine alligatorid.
Necrosuchus	N. ionensis	Estancia Las Violetas
Protocaiman	P. peligrensis	Punta Peligro

Lepidosaurs

Mammals

Monotremes

Allotheres

Name	Species	Locality	Material	Notes	Image
Sudamerica	S. ameghinoi	Punta Peligro		A gondwanathere

Meridiolestidans

Name	Species	Locality	Material	Notes	Image
Peligrotherium	P. tropicalis	Punta Peligro		A member of the clade Mesungulatoidea.

Meridiungulates

Name	Species	Locality	Material	Notes	Image
Escribania	E. chubutensis E. talonicuspsis	Punta Peligro		A member of the family Didolodontidae.
Raulvaccia	R. peligrensis	Punta Peligro		A member of the family Didolodontidae.
Requisia	R. vidmari	Punta Peligro		A member of the family Notonychopidae.

Metatherians

Invertebrates

After unless otherwise noted

References

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v t e South American land mammal ages
Ages	Lujanian Ensenadan Uquian Chapadmalalan Montehermosan Huayquerian Chasicoan Mayoan Laventan Colloncuran Friasian Santacrucian Colhuehuapian Deseadan Tinguirirican Divisaderan Mustersan Casamayoran Itaboraian Riochican Peligran Tiupampan
Defining formations and sites	Quaternary Luján Formation Ensenada Formation Uquía Formation Neogene Chapadmalal Formation Monte Hermoso Formation Huayquerías Formation Arroyo Chasicó Formation Río Mayo Formation Honda Group La Venta fauna Collón Curá Formation Río Frías Formation Santa Cruz Formation Colhué Huapí Member Paleogene Deseado Formation Abanico Formation Tinguiririca fauna Divisadero Largo Formation Sarmiento Formation Lake Musters Casamayor Formation Itaboraí Formation Río Chico Group Salamanca Formation Punta Peligro Santa Lucía Formation Tiupampa fauna
Sources	Bibliography
Category • Images

• Salamanca Formation
• Geologic formations of Argentina
• Paleocene Series of South America
• Paleogene Argentina
• Peligran
• Tiupampan
• Fossiliferous stratigraphic units of South America
• Paleontology in Argentina
• Sandstone formations
• Mudstone formations
• Tuff formations
• Lacustrine deposits
• Geology of Chubut Province
• Geology of Santa Cruz Province, Argentina
• Golfo San Jorge Basin