| Cruzeño | |
|---|---|
| Isleño Island Chumash | |
| Native to | California, United States |
| Region | Santa Cruz Island, Santa Rosa Island |
| Ethnicity | Island Chumash |
| Extinct | June 19, 1915, with the death of Fernando Librado |
| Language family | Chumashan
|
| Dialects |
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | crz |
| Linguist List | crz |
| Glottolog | cruz1243 |
 Cruzeño | |
 Island Chumash is classified as Extinct by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger | |
Cruzeño, also known as Isleño (Ysleño) or Island Chumash, is one of the extinct Chumashan languages spoken along the coastal areas of Southern California. It shows evidence of mixing between a core Chumashan language such as Barbareño or Ventureño and an indigenous language of the Channel Islands. The latter was presumably spoken on the islands since the end of the last ice age separated them from the mainland; Chumash would have been introduced in the first millennium after the introduction of plank canoes on the mainland. Evidence of the substratum language is retained in a noticeably non-Chumash phonology, and basic non-Chumash words such as those for 'water' and 'house'.
References
- Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger (Report) (3rd ed.). UNESCO. 2010. p. 11.
- Golla, Victor. (2011). California Indian Languages. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-5202-6667-4
- Heizer R. F., ed. 1952. California Indian linguistic records: The Mission Indian vocabularies of Alphonse Pinart. University of California Anthropological Records 15:1-84.
- Heizer R. F., ed. 1952. California Indian linguistic records: The Mission Indian vocabularies of H.W. Henshaw. University of California Anthropological Records 15:85-202.
External links
- Island Chumash language — overview at the Survey of California and Other Indian Languages
- Berkeley.edu; California Language Archive: Island Chumash language
- Language-archives.org: OLAC resources about the Cruzeño language
| Languages of California | |||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Italics indicate extinct languages | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Indigenous |
| ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-Indigenous |
| ||||||||||||||||||||||
