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Sarah Chapman

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English labor activist (1862–1945)

Sarah Chapman
Chapman c. 1900
BornSarah Chapman
31 October 1862 (1862-10-31)
Mile End, London
Died27 November 1945 (1945-11-28) (aged 83)
England
Resting placeManor Park Cemetery, East London, England
MonumentsSarah Chapman House, Bow, London
Occupation(s)Matchmaking machinist; trade unionist
EmployerBryant & May
OrganizationUnion of Women Matchmakers (President)
Known forPlaying a leading role in the organisation of the 1888 matchgirls' strike
SpouseCharles Henry Dearman (m. 1891)
Children6

Sarah Chapman (later Dearman; 31 October 1862 – 27 November 1945) was a British trade unionist who was one of the leaders of the 1888 Bryant & May matchgirls' strike. Chapman and others involved in the strike have since been recognised as "pioneers of sex equality and fairness at work who left a lasting legacy on the trade union movement".

About Sarah Chapman

Sarah Chapman was born on 31 October 1862, the fifth of seven children born to Samuel Chapman, a brewer's servant, and Sarah Ann Mackenzie. Her early life was spent in Mile End, and Chapman would live her whole life in London's East End. By 19, alongside her mother and elder sister, Sarah was employed as a matchmaking machinist at Bryant & May. By the time of the 1888 strike, Sarah Chapman occupied a comparably well-waged position at the Bryant & May factory and was an established member of its workforce.

In December 1891, Sarah married Charles Henry Dearman, a cabinet maker. The couple had their first child, Sarah Elsie, in 1892, going on to have five more. The family later moved to Bethnal Green, where Sarah remained for the rest of her life. Charles Henry Dearman died in 1922.

Sarah Dearman died in Bethnal Green hospital on 27 November 1945, at the age of 83, and was survived by three of her six children. Along with five other elderly people, Sarah Dearman was buried in an unmarked grave in Manor Park Cemetery.

Leadership of the matchgirls' strike

Strike committee of the Matchmakers' Union, showing Sarah Chapman (back row, second from left) alongside Herbert Burrows and Annie Besant

In June 1888, at a meeting of the Fabian Society, members agreed to a proposed boycott of Bryant & May matches in response to the poor factory conditions and mistreatment of workers.

Freethinker and reformer Annie Besant later met with workers outside the factory to learn more, publishing an article, "White Slavery in London" in The Link on 23 June. Although Bryant & May attempted to coerce employees to sign statements rejecting the claims, the workers refused. On 5 July 1888, approximately 1,400 girls and women walked out on strike.

The next day, 200 women marched to Bouverie Street, seeking the support of Annie Besant. Chapman was one of three women who met with Besant, securing her assistance in forming a strike committee. Mary Naulls, Mary Cummings, Sarah Chapman, Alice Francis, Kate Slater, Mary Driscoll, Jane Wakeling, and Eliza Martin were this committee's first members. The women held public meetings, gained sympathetic press coverage, and were able to enlist the support of various MPs. Chapman and the Strike Committee also received help from Toynbee Hall and the London Trades Council, and – following a meeting with Bryant & May management – their list of demands was agreed to.

The women subsequently established a union (the Union of Women Matchmakers), the inaugural meeting of which took place at Stepney Meeting Hall on 27 July. Twelve women were elected to the committee, including Chapman, who was subsequently made President. It was the largest female union in the country. Chapman was elected as the Union's first representative to the Trades Union Congress (TUC), and was among those who attended the 1888 International Trades Union Congress in London, and the 1890 Congress in Liverpool.

Legacy

Since 2019, a charitable organisation called The Matchgirls Memorial have sought to raise awareness of the matchgirls' strike and its participants. Donations were received for the creation of a headstone for Sarah Chapman, and the charity aims to erect a statue in commemoration of strikers and organisers.

In 2020, responding to a plan by the Manor Park Cemetery to mound over the grave of Sarah Chapman, a petition was raised calling for the grave's protection. In July of that year, a motion was tabled in Parliament expressing concern over this planned destruction of Sarah Chapman's burial site. The motion, sponsored by Apsana Begum, Rushanara Ali, John Cryer, Jim Shannon, Alison Thewliss, and Ian Lavery said:

That this House is alarmed at the imminent plans to mound the grave of Sarah Dearman (nee Chapman), a key organiser of the matchgirl's strike in 1888 in Manor Park Cemetery, East London; notes that Sarah Chapman played a leading role in the historic strike and that the matchgirls as pioneers of gender equality and fairness at work who through their strike action and formation of the Union of Women Match Makers left a lasting legacy on the trade union movement; believes that Sarah Chapman's grave is of special historic interest and illustrates important aspects of social, economic and political history; calls on the Government to intervene to stop the imminent loss of an important piece of London's rich and diverse history; and further calls on the Government to inspect the mounding process to ensure that there is no disturbance of early burials when new graves are dug.

In 2021, it was announced that a new housing development in Bow would be named after Sarah Chapman.

In 2022 English Heritage announced that the Matchgirls' Strike would be commemorated with a blue plaque at site of the former Bryant and May factory in Bow, London. The plaque was unveiled at Bow Quarter, Fairfield Road, Tower Hamlets on 5 July 2022 by former EastEnders actress and patron of The Matchgirls Memorial Anita Dobson, who "grew up aware of the courage and bravery of these women who against all odds went on strike for better working conditions." Also present at the event was Chapman's great-granddaughter Sam Johnson, a trustee of The Match Girls Memorial, who described the Match Girls as "a huge inspiration for young people in the 21st century, as many of the issues they fought against still resonate so strongly today."

Popular culture

Chapman appears as a character in the 2022 Netflix film Enola Holmes 2, played by actress Hannah Dodd. The film provides a fictionalized account of the origins of the Matchgirls' Strike, in which both the title character and her brother Sherlock become entangled.

Chapman also appears as a character in a children's novel about the strike, Billy and the Match Girl, by Paul Haston.

References

  1. ^ "Sarah Chapman: Matchgirl strike leader and TUC delegate". East End Women's Museum. 13 March 2018. Retrieved 20 December 2021.
  2. ^ Johnson, Samantha (26 June 2018). "Sarah Chapman, Matchgirl Strike Leader". Spitalfields Life. Archived from the original on 19 November 2022. Retrieved 20 November 2022.
  3. ^ Johnson, Sam (5 July 2020). "The Match Girls' Strike". People's History Museum. Archived from the original on 19 November 2022. Retrieved 20 November 2022.
  4. ^ "Sarah Chapman's grave - Early Day Motions - UK Parliament". edm.parliament.uk. Retrieved 20 December 2021.
  5. ^ Cox, Michael (7 December 2021). "Council houses named after Matchgirls Strike leader". East London Advertiser. Retrieved 20 December 2021.
  6. ^ "Sarah Chapman: The Matchgirls Memorial". Matchgirls Memorial. Retrieved 20 December 2021.
  7. "Matchgirls strike pioneer Sarah Dearman's grave 'under threat'". BBC News. 6 June 2020. Retrieved 20 December 2021.
  8. "Sarah Chapman and the Matchgirl's Strike - inVISIBLEwomen". invisiblewomen.org.uk. Retrieved 20 December 2021.
  9. ^ Karpazli, Ertan (31 October 2021). "Debt we owe to working-class girls who walked out of work 133 years ago". MyLondon. Retrieved 20 December 2021.
  10. "Union of Women Matchmakers". The Link. 6 October 1888.
  11. "Bow's brave matchwomen honoured in anniversary celebrations". BBC News. 22 June 2013. Retrieved 20 December 2021.
  12. "The Matchgirls' Strike of 1888: Sarah Chapman By Sam Johnson". Whitechapel Society. 20 October 2020. Retrieved 20 December 2021.
  13. Rushton, Nicola (26 February 2020). "Sarah Chapman and the unsung working class heroes of the Matchgirls strike campaign". Roman Road LDN. Retrieved 20 December 2021.
  14. Brooke, Mike (29 May 2020). "'Matchgirl' descendants call to justice secretary to save Sarah Chapman..." East London Advertiser. Retrieved 20 December 2021.
  15. "Blue Plaques to tell stories of working class experience". English Heritage. Retrieved 19 February 2022.
  16. ^ "Match Girls' Strike of 1888 commemorated with blue plaque in East London". The Independent. 5 July 2022. Retrieved 6 July 2022.
  17. "Seminal Match Girls' Strike of 1888 commemorated with English Heritage Blue Plaque in East London". English Heritage. Retrieved 6 July 2022.
  18. Bartholomew, Emma (5 July 2022). "1888 Match Girls' Strike factory marked with blue plaque". East London Advertiser. Retrieved 6 July 2022.
  19. "A Plaque For The Matchgirls | Spitalfields Life". Retrieved 6 July 2022.
  20. "Enola Holmes 2 and the real life history of the Match Girls' Strike". IMDb. 4 November 2022.
  21. Haston, Paul (16 July 2019). Billy and the Match Girl. Independently published. ISBN 978-1-0804-1989-0.

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