Al-Sarakhsi - Misplaced Pages

(Redirected from Sarakhsi) 11th-century Persian Hanafi scholar and jurist This article is about the 11th-century Hanafi scholar. For Al-Kindi's pupil, see Ahmad ibn al-Tayyib al-Sarakhsi.

Abu Bakr al-Sarakhsi
أبوبکر محمد بن أبی سهل السرخسی
Title	The sun of the leaders (شمس الأئمة)
Personal life
Born	Sarakhs
Died	483 Hijri (1090 CE)
Era	Islamic golden age
Region	Greater Khorasan
Main interest(s)	Jurisprudence Usul al-Fiqh
Notable work(s)	Al-Mabsut, Usul al-Sarakhsi, Shar al-Siyar al-Kabir
Religious life
Religion	Islam
Denomination	Sunni
Jurisprudence	Hanafi
Muslim leader
Influenced by Abu Hanifa Al-Halwani
Influenced Al-Kasani Burhan al-Din al-Marghinani Abu al-Barakat al-Nasafi Ibn Abidin

Muhammad b. Ahmad b. Abi Sahl Abu Bakr al-Sarakhsi (Persian: محمد بن احمد بن ابي سهل ابو بكر السرخسي), was a Persian jurist and also an Islamic scholar of the Hanafi school of thought. He was traditionally known as Shams al-A'imma (شمس الأئمة; transl. The sun of the leaders).

He is an influential jurist in the Hanafi school where the tradition is reported to have been that: "when in doubt, follow Sarakhsi". Both Al-Kasani and Burhan al-Din al-Marghinani, in their flagship fiqh books of Bada'i' al-Sana'i' and Al-Hidaya, have extensively drawn upon the discussions and legal reasonings presented in al-Sarakhsi's Al-Mabsut and Usul al-Sarakhsi.

The Indian Muslim scholar of the 19th century, Abd al-Hayy al-Lucknawi, classifies al-Sarakhsi in the second grade of mujtahids, along with scholars such as Al-Tahawi, who are believed to be the seminal jurists after Abu Hanifa's students (i.e. Abu Yusuf and Muhammad al-Shaybani).

Background Information

Al-Sarakhsi was born in Sarakhs, a city in Greater Khorasan, which is presently located at the border between Iran and Turkmenistan. He died in 483/1090 or in 490/1096, according to different sources.

He studied under the great Hanafi jurist, 'Abd al-'Aziz al-Halwani (d. 448/1056) who was also a teacher to Al-Bazdawi.

Not much is known about his early life, though some clues are found in his works. It is said that al-Sarakhsi was imprisoned due to his opinion on a juristic matter concerning a ruler; he criticized the king by questioning the validity of his marriage to a slave woman. He spent around fifteen years in prison. While he was imprisoned he wrote the Mabsut and some of his other most important works. He is known for his remarkable memory, (he was able to recall many texts when he was held in prison) as well as his intelligence.

Al-Sarakhsi's opinions on law have been widely cited and he has been thought of as a distinctive writer. His main works are the Usul al-Fiqh, the Kitab al-Mabsut, and the Sharh al-Siyar al-Kabir.

Important works

Al-Sarakhsi's most important works are

Usul al-Fiqh
Kitab al-Mabsut
Sharh al-Siyar al-Kabir.

Usul al-Fiqh

This work deals with Islamic jurisprudence and the exercise of ra’y in systematic reasoning and juristic preference. To write this work, al-Sarakhsi incorporated information from many different sources, including Abu’l-Hasan al-Karkhi, Ahmad b. Muhammad al-Shashi, al-Djassas, Abū ʿAbdullāh Muhammad ibn Idrīs al-Shafiʿī and major works from the other law traditions.

Kitab al-Mabsut

Al-Sarakhsi's Mabsut is a commentary on the mukhtasar (epitome) by Muhammad b. Muhammad al-Marwazi, which in turn summarized some of the foundational texts of the Hanafi school written by Muhammad al-Shaybani. Al-Shaybani was a companion of Abū Ḥanīfah, the founder of the Hanafi school. In his Mabsut, Al-Sarakhsi reworks many of the concepts from al-Shaybani's works. He organized his work around points of scholarly divergence (ikhtilaf) and incorporated more information from the Hanafi school, as well as other schools of law. The Mabsut is well-organized, covers topics comprehensively, explores points of dispute thoroughly, and manipulates hermeneutical argument well. These factors make the Mabsut a very influential piece of juristic literature: it was an important work of furū‘ in the Hanafi school until the 19th century. (The furū‘, literally “branches”, are particular legal rulings built upon the usūl, or “roots”, which are the Principles of Islamic jurisprudence.) Its significance in earlier times is reflected in the statement of the 15th-century Hanafi jurist, 'Ala' al-Din al-Tarabulusi (d. 1440): “Whoever memorizes al-Mabsut and the doctrine of the ancient scholars becomes thereby a mujtahid." Al-Sarakhsi deals with many themes in his Mabsut, these include juristic preference, the legality of doing activities with illegally obtained objects, zakat (alms tax, one of the Five Pillars of Islam) and land reclamation.
In the Mabsut he defines the doctrine of istihsān, or juristic preference, as the "abandonment of the opinion to which reasoning by the doctrine of ...systematic reasoning would lead, in favor of a different opinion support by stronger evidence and adapted to what is accommodating to the people. Thereby, Sarakhsi neither undermines the importance of the exercise of the doctrine of systematic reasoning nor rejects it in any sense." In addition, al-Sarakhsi deals with the dilemma of doing a legal activity with an illegally obtained object, opining that the fact that the object was obtained illegally does not mean that the legal activity becomes illegal. Al-Sarakhsi also deals with issues concerning zakat in the Mabsut. For example, if the collector comes and a person denies that something is taxable, he does not have to pay the tax on that item, since it is a duty to God. This is explained in the following passage from the Mabsut, which is quoted in Classical Islam: A Sourcebook of Religious Literature, by Norman Calder, Jawid Ahmad Mojaddedi, and Andrew Rippin:

"He then swears that this is so. He is believed in all cases. This is because he is responsible for zakat duties that are obligatory on him. Zakat is an act of worship purely for the sake of God, and the word of a responsible person is always acceptable in regard to acts of worship that are obligatory as being due to God."

Al-Sarakhsi also mentions the views of Abu Hanifa on land reclamation. This passage is from al-Sarakhsi's Mabsut, as quoted by Sherman A. Jackson:

“'In the view of Abu Hanifa, God show him mercy, reclaimed land becomes the property of one who restores it only after he receives permission from the Imam'... Al-Sarakhsi goes on to explain Abu Hanifa's reasoning. Abu Hanifa relied on the statement of

the Prophet 'A person may have only that which his Imam is content with giving him.' This statement even if it is general, since he maintains that statements universally accepted as general take precedence over those that are specific. Then the Prophet said, ‘... except desolate plots of land; for these belong to God, His messenger then to you.' Now, that

which has been designated as God's and His messenger's falls under the jurisdiction of the Imam. It is thus not permissible for anyone to act independently regarding such things without the latter's permission, just as is maintained in the case of the one-

fifth portion of booty.... And the Prophet's statement, 'Whoever reclaims a desolate plot of land ...’ merely clarifies the fact-

which we accept-that the means by which one gains ownership over restored land is reclamation, after he obtains permission from

the Imam. The Imam's permission remains a necessary precondition in all of this".

Sharh al-Siyar al-Kabir

This work is a commentary on the Kitab al-Siyar al-kabir of al-Shaybani. It demonstrates the role of juristic preference in sharia law. The Sharh al-Siyar al-Kabir shows the same widespread coverage, the development of rules and careful consideration of hermeneutical argument that is seen in the Mabsut.

References

Norman Calder, Jawid Ahmad Mojaddedi, Andrew Rippin, ed. and tr., Classical Islam: A Sourcebook of Religious Literature (Routledge, 2003), p. 210.
^ Al-Sarakhsi, Money Exchange, Loans, and Riba: A translation of Kitab al-Sarf from Kitab al-Mabsut, translated by Imran Ahsan Khan Nyazee, Advanced Legal Studies Institute, Islamabad, 2018.
Al-Marghinani, Burhan al-Din, Al-Hidayah, translated by Imran Ahsan Khan Nyazee, Center for Excellence in Research, Islamabad, 2016, page 9.
^ Calder, N. "al-Sarakhsi", Muhammad b. Ahmad b. Abu Sahl Abu Bakr, Shams al- A’imma." Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Edited by: P. Bearman; Th. Bianquis; C. E. Bosworth; E. van Donzel; and W. P. Heinrichs. Brill, 2011. Brill Online. Yale University. 8 February 2011
^ Kassim, Husain. Sarakhsi- Hugo Grotius of the Muslims: The Doctrine of Juristic Preference and the Concepts of Treaties and Mutual Relations. San Francisco: Austin and Winfield Publishers, 1994.
Calder, Norman. "Exploring God's Law: Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Abi Sahl al-Sarakhsi on zakat." In Law and the Islamic world past and present, by Christopher Toll and Jakob Skovgaard-Petersen. Copenhagen: Bianco Lunos Bogtrykkeri A/S, 1995.
^ Jackson, Sherman A. "From Prophetic Actions to Constitutional Theory: A Novel Chapter in Medieval Muslim." International Journal of Middle East Studies, Vol. 25, No. 1, 1993: 71–90.
Mallat, Chibli. The renewal of Islamic Law: Muhammad Baqer as-Sadr, Najaf and the Shi'i International. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993.
Calder, Norman, Jawid Ahmad Mojaddedi, and Andrew Rippin. Classical Islam: A sourcebook of Religious Literature. New York: Routledge, 2003.

Muslim scholars of the Hanafi school

by century (AH
CE)

2nd/8th

Abu Hanifa (founder of the school; 699–767)
Abu Yusuf (738–798)
Ibn al-Mubarak (726–797)
Muhammad al-Shaybani (749–805)
Yahya ibn Ma'in (774–807)
Waki' ibn al-Jarrah (d. 812)

3rd/9th

4th/10th

Al-Tahawi (843–933)
Abu Mansur al-Maturidi (853–944)
Al-Hakim al-Samarqandi (b. 874)
Al-Jassas (917–981)
Abu al-Layth al-Samarqandi (944–983)

5th/11th

Abu al-Husayn al-Basri (d. 1044)
Karima al-Marwaziyya (969–1069)
Ali Hujwiri (1009–1072)
Al-Bazdawi (1010–1089)
Al-Sarakhsi (d. 1090)
Abu al-Yusr al-Bazdawi (1030–1100)
Abu al-Mu'in al-Nasafi (d. 1115)
Abu al-Thana' al-Lamishi

6th/12th

Abu Ishaq al-Saffar al-Bukhari (d. 1139)
Ibn al-Malāḥimī (d. 1141)
Yusuf Hamadani (1062–1141)
Abu Hafs Umar al-Nasafi (1067–1142)
Al-Zamakhshari (1074–1143)
Siraj al-Din al-Ushi (d. 1180)
Nur al-Din al-Sabuni (d. 1184)
Fatima al-Samarqandi (d. 1185)
Al-Kasani (d. 1191)
Jamal al-Din al-Ghaznawi (d. 1197)
Burhan al-Din al-Marghinani (1135–1197)

7th/13th

Rumi (1207–1273)
Jalaluddin Tabrizi (d. 1228)
Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki (1173–1235)
Mu'in al-Din Chishti (1143–1236)
Baba Farid (1173–1266)
Abu Tawwama (d. 1300)
Abu al-Barakat al-Nasafi (d. 1310)

8th/14th

Nizamuddin Auliya (1238–1325)
Uthman bin Ali Zayla'i (d. 1342)
Shah Jalal Mujarrad (1271–1346)
Uthman Siraj ad-Din (1258–1357)
Ala al-Haq (1301–1384)
Jahaniyan Jahangasht (1308–1384)
Akmal al-Din al-Babarti (d. 1384)
Al-Taftazani (1322–1390)
Ibn Abi al-Izz (1331–1390)
Shams al-Din al-Samarqandi (1350–1410)
Al-Sharif al-Jurjani (1339–1414)

9th/15th

Nur Qutb Alam (d. 1416)
Bande Nawaz (1321–1422)
Shams al-Din al-Fanari (1350–1431)
'Ala' al-Din al-Bukhari (1377–1438)
Husam ad-Din Manikpuri (d. 1449)
Badr al-Din al-Ayni (1361–1451)
Al-Kamal ibn al-Humam (1388–1457)
Ali Qushji (1403–1474)
Khidr Bey (b. 1407)

10th/16th

Zenbilli Ali Cemali Efendi (1445–1526)
Ibn Kemal (1468–1536)
Abdul Quddus Gangohi (1456–1537)
Ibrāhīm al-Ḥalabī (1460–1549)
Fahreddin-i Acemi (d. 1460)
Muhammad Ghawth (1500–1562)
Nagore Shahul Hamid (1504–1570)
Mosleh al-Din Lari (1510–1572)
Muhammad Birgivi (1522–1573)
Ebussuud Efendi (1490–1574)
Hamza Makhdoom (1494–1576)
Wajihuddin Alvi (1490–1580)
Taşköprülüzade Ahmet (1495–1561)
Yaqub Sarfi Kashmiri (1521–1595)
Sadeddin Efendi (1536–1599)
Mustafa Selaniki (d. 1600)
Ali al-Qari (d. 1606)

11th/17th

Ahmad Sirhindi (1564–1624)
Esad Efendi (1570–1625)
Kadızade Mehmed (1582–1635)
'Abd al-Haqq al-Dehlawi (1551–1642)
Mehmed Efendi (1595–1654)
Kâtip Çelebi (1609–1657)
Jana Begum
Shihab al-Din al-Khafaji (1569–1659)
Khayr al-Din al-Ramli (1585–1671)
Syed Rafi Mohammad (d. 1679)
Mir Zahid Harawi (d. 1689)
Syed Inayatullah (d. 1713)

12th/18th

Shah Abdur Rahim (1644–1719)
Zinat-un-Nissa Begum (1643–1721)
Syed Hayatullah (d. 1722)
Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulsi (1641–1731)
Syed Mohammad Zaman (d. 1756)
Hashim Thattvi (1692–1761)
Shah Waliullah Dehlawi (1703–1762)
Shah Nuri Bengali (d. 1785)
Mirza Mazhar Jan-e-Janaan (1699–1781)
Murtada al-Zabidi (1732–1790)
Sanaullah Panipati (1730–1810)
Syed Mohammad Rafi (d. 1803)
Majduddin (d. 1813)

13th/19th

Çerkes Halil Efendi (d. 1821)
Ghulam Ali Dehlavi (1743–1824)
Shah Abdul Aziz (1746–1824)
Fatima al-Fudayliya (d. 1831)
Syed Ahmad Barelvi (1786–1831)
Syed Mir Nisar Ali (1782–1831)
Ibn Abidin (1784–1836)
Haji Shariatullah (1781–1840)
Shah Muhammad Ishaq (1783–1846)
Mamluk Ali Nanautawi (1789–1851)
Mahmud al-Alusi (1802–1854)
Fazl-e-Haq Khairabadi (1796–1861)
Dudu Miyan (1819–1862)
Karamat Ali Jaunpuri (1800–1873)
Al-Maydani (1807–1861)
Haji Dost Muhammad Qandhari (1801–1868)
Mehr Ali Qadiri (1808–1868)
Yusuf Ma Dexin (1794–1874)
Naqi Ali Khan (1830–1880)
Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi (1832–1880)
Ahmad Ali Saharanpuri (1810–1880)
Yaqub Nanautawi (1833–1884)
Mazhar Nanautawi (1821–1885)
Ubaidullah Suhrawardy (1832–1885)
Abd al-Hayy al-Lucknawi (1848–1886)
Siddiq Bharchundi (1819–1890)
Rafiuddin Deobandi (1836–1890)
Rahmatullah Kairanawi (1818–1891)
Mustafa Ruhi Efendi (1800–1891)
Mahmoodullah Hussaini (d. 1894)
Syed Ahmad Dehlavi (died 1894)
Imdadullah Muhajir Makki (1817–1899)
Hafiz Ahmad Jaunpuri (1834–1899)
Rashid Ahmad Gangohi (1826–1905)
Abdul Wahid Bengali (1850–1905)
Syed Ahmadullah Maizbhandari (1826–1906)
Fazlur Rahman Usmani (1831–1907)
Abd Allah ibn Abbas ibn Siddiq (1854–1907)
Muhammad Naimuddin (1832–1907)
Hassan Raza Khan (1859–1908)
Sayyid Muhammad Abid (1834–1912)
Ahmad Hasan Amrohi (1850–1912)
Kareemullah Shah (1838–1913)
Shibli Nomani (1857–1914)
Najib Ali Choudhury (fl. 1870s)

14th/20th

Barelvi

Asrarullah Hussaini (1856–1920)
Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi (1856–1921)
Muhammad Amjad (d. 1927)
Ghulam Muhammad Dinpuri (1835–1936)
Qasim Sadiq (1845–1942)
Hamid Raza Khan (1875–1943)
Amjad Ali Aazmi (1882–1948)
Naeem-ud-Deen Muradabadi (1887–1948)
Abdullah Barelvi (1841–1949)
Jamaat Ali Shah (1834–1951)
Murtaza Hasan Chandpuri (1868–1951)
Kifayatullah Dehlawi (1875–1952)
Shihabuddeen Ahmed Koya Shaliyathi (1885–1954)
Abdul Aleem Siddiqi (1892–1954)
Amin ul-Hasanat (1922–1960)
Sardar Ahmad Chishti (1903–1962)
Ibrahim Raza Khan (1907–1965)
Abdul Hamid Qadri Badayuni (1898–1970)
Mohammad Abdul Ghafoor Hazarvi (1909–1970)
Fazlur Rahman Ansari (1914–1974)
Ghulam Mohiuddin Ghaznavi (1902–1975)
Mustafa Raza Khan (1892–1981)
Ziauddin Madni (1877–1981)
Khwaja Qamar ul Din Sialvi (1906–1981)
Muslehuddin Siddiqui (1918–1983)
Faiz-ul Hassan Shah (1911–1984)
Shafee Okarvi (1930–1984)
Ahmad Saeed Kazmi (1913–1986)
Shujaat Ali Qadri (1941–1993)
Waqaruddin Qadri (1915–1993)
Abdul Wahab Siddiqi (1942–1994)
Karam Shah Azhari (1918–1998)
Sadruddin Islahi (1917–1998)
Ghulam Ali Okarvi (1919–2000)
Rashid Ahmed Jaunpuri (1889–2001)
Arshadul Qadri (1925–2002)
Ibrahim Siddiqui (1930–2002)
Shah Ahmad Noorani (1926–2003)
Sarfraz Ahmed Naeemi (1948–2009)

Deobandi

Imamuddin Punjabi (died 1916)
Abdul Hamid Madarshahi (1869–1920)
Mahmud Hasan Deobandi (1851–1920)
Sufi Azizur Rahman (1862–1922)
Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri (1852–1927)
Muhammad Ali Mungeri (1846–1927)
Azizur Rahman Usmani (1859–1928)
Muhammad Ahmad Nanautawi (1862–1930)
Ibrahim Ali Tashna (1872–1931)
Anwar Shah Kashmiri (1875–1933)
Sayyid Mumtaz Ali (1860–1935)
Majid Ali Jaunpuri (d. 1935)
Abul Muhasin Sajjad (1880–1940)
Shukrullah Mubarakpuri (1895–1942)
Ashraf Ali Thanwi (1863–1943)
Ibrahim Ujani (1863–1943)
Habibullah Qurayshi (1865–1943)
Ubaidullah Sindhi (1872–1944)
Ilyas Kandhlawi (1885–1944)
Asghar Hussain Deobandi (1877–1945)
Sahool Bhagalpuri (d. 1948)
Sulaiman Nadvi (1884–1953)
Shabbir Ahmad Usmani (1887–1949)
Izaz Ali Amrohi (1882–1955)
Manazir Ahsan Gilani (1892–1956)
Hussain Ahmed Madani (1879–1957)
Ahmad Saeed Dehlavi (1888–1959)
Badre Alam Merathi (1898–1965)
Azizul Haq (1903–1961)
Maqsudullah (1883–1961)
Abdul Qadir Raipuri (1878–1962)
Ahmed Ali Lahori (1887–1962)
Hifzur Rahman Seoharwi (1900–1962)
Yusuf Kandhlawi (1917–1965)
Shah Ahmad Hasan (1882–1967)
Shamsul Haque Faridpuri (1896–1969)
Khair Muhammad Jalandhari (1895–1970)
Muhammad Ali Jalandhari (1895–1971)
Mushahid Ahmad Bayampuri (1907–1971)
Abdur Rahman Kashgari (1912–1971)
Syed Fakhruddin Ahmad (1889–1972)
Deen Muhammad Khan (1900–1974)
Zafar Ahmad Usmani (1892–1974)
Muhammad Miyan Deobandi (1903–1975)
Ibrahim Balyawi (1887–1976)
Muhammad Faizullah (1892–1976)
Abdul Wahhab Pirji (1895–1976)
Athar Ali Bengali (1891–1976)
Shafi Usmani (1897–1976)
Yusuf Banuri (1908–1977)
Syed Muhammad Ishaq (1915–1977)
Ahmed Ali Badarpuri (1915–2000)
Mehboob Rizwi (1911–1979)
Sahvi Shah (1923–1979)
Mufti Mehmood (1919–1980)
Shah Abd al-Wahhab (1894–1982)
Zakariyya Kandhlawi (1898–1982)
Tayyib Qasmi (1897–1983)
Shamsul Haq Afghani (1901–1983)
Ibrahim Chatuli (1894–1984)
Atiqur Rahman Usmani (1901–1984)
Saeed Ahmad Akbarabadi (1908–1985)
Azhar Shah Qaiser (1920–1985)
Harun Babunagari (1902–1986)
Abdur Rashid Tarkabagish (1900–1986)
Hafizur Rahman Wasif Dehlavi (1910–1987)
Muhammadullah Hafezzi (1895–1987)
Abdul Aziz Malazada (1917–1987)
Shamsul Huda Panchbagi (1897–1988)
Abdul Haq Akorwi (1912–1988)
Abdul Jalil Badarpuri (1925–1989)
Abdul Matin Fulbari (1915–1990)
Minnatullah Rahmani (1913–1991)
Taqi Amini (1926–1991)
Habib al-Rahman al-A'zami (1900–1992)
Muhammad Yunus (1906–1992)
Masihullah Khan (1912–1992)
Abul Hasan Jashori (1918–1993)
Shams Naved Usmani (1931–1993)
Inamul Hasan Kandhlawi (1918–1995)
Mahmood Hasan Gangohi (1907–1996)
Athar Mubarakpuri (1916–1996)
Shamsuddin Qasemi (1935–1996)
Manzoor Nomani (1905–1997)
Sultan Ahmad Nanupuri (1914–1997)
Muhammad Abdullah Ghazi (1935–1998)
Abul Hasan Ali Hasani Nadwi (1913–1999)
Ismail Katki (1914–2005)
Sharif Hasan Deobandi (1920–1977)
Nur Uddin Gohorpuri (1924–2005)
Ashraf Ali Bishwanathi (1928–2005)
Kafilur Rahman Nishat Usmani (1942–2006)
Syed Fazlul Karim (1935–2006)
Abdullah Abbas Nadwi (1925–2006)
Sirajussajidin Katki (1939–2006)
Abrarul Haq Haqqi (1920–2006)
Ubaidul Haq (1928–2007)
Anzar Shah Kashmiri (1927–2008)
Obaidul Haque Wazirpuri (1934–2008)

Mehmet Cemaleddin Efendi (1848–1917)
Abdul Awwal Jaunpuri (1867–1921)
Azimuddin Hanafi (1838–1922)
Medeni Mehmet Nuri Efendi (1859–1927)
Hamiduddin Farahi (1863–1930)
Machiliwale Shah (d. 1932)
Abdur Rab Jaunpuri (1875–1935)
Meher Ali Shah (1859–1937)
Ghulamur Rahman Maizbhandari (1865–1937)
Muhammad Ishaq (1883–1938)
Mohammad Abu Bakr Siddique (1845–1939)
Abd Allah Siraj (1876–1949)
Khwaja Yunus Ali (1886–1951)
Nesaruddin Ahmad (1873–1952)
Al-Kawthari (1879–1952)
Mustafa Sabri (1869–1954)
Ghousi Shah (1893–1954)
Ahmed Ali Enayetpuri (1898–1959)
Abdul Batin Jaunpuri (1900–1973)
Momtazuddin Ahmad (1889–1974)
Muhammad Abu Zahra (1898–1974)
Amimul Ehsan Barkati (1911–1974)
Ghulam Mohiyuddin Gilani (1891–1974)
Abul Wafa Al Afghani (1893–1975)
Abdul Majid Daryabadi (1892–1977)
Abul A'la Maududi (1903–1979)
Abdur Rahim Firozpuri (1918–1987)
Muntakhib al-Haqq (fl. 1980s)
Abu Zafar Mohammad Saleh (1915–1990)
Ahmed Muhyuddin Nuri Shah Jilani (1915–1990)
Sayed Moazzem Hossain (1901–1991)
Hamid al-Ansari Ghazi (1909–1992)
Ayub Ali (1919–1995)
Mukhtar Ashraf (1916–1996)
Abdul Haque Faridi (1903–1996)
Shamsul-hasan Shams Barelvi (1917–1997)
Abd al-Fattah Abu Ghudda (1917–1997)
Amin Ahsan Islahi (1904–1997)
Ghulam Moinuddin Gilani (1920–1997)
Naeem Siddiqui (1916–2002)
Abdul Latif Fultali (1913–2008)
Muhammad Abdullah (1932–2008)
Naseeruddin Naseer Gilani (1949–2009)

15th/21st

Israr Ahmed (1932–2010)

Marghubur Rahman (1914–2010)

Abu Saeed Muhammad Omar Ali (1945–2010)

Naseer Ahmad Khan Bulandshahri (1918–2010)

Zafeeruddin Miftahi (1926–2011)

Azizul Haque (1919–2012)

Abdus Sattar Akon (1929–2012)

Shah Saeed Ahmed Raipuri (1926–2012)

Fazlul Haque Amini (1945–2012)

Wahbi Sulayman Ghawji (1923–2013)

Muhammad Fazal Karim (1954–2013)

Qazi Mu'tasim Billah (1933–2013)

Zubairul Hasan Kandhlawi (1950–2014)

Nurul Islam Farooqi (1959–2014)

Ahmad Naruyi (1963–2014)

Asad Muhammad Saeed as-Sagharji (d. 2015)

Abdur Rahman Chatgami (1920–2015)

Abdul Majeed Ludhianvi (1935–2015)

Abdullah Quraishi Al-Azhari (1935–2015)

Sibtain Raza Khan (1927–2015)

Muhiuddin Khan (1935–2016)

Abdul Jabbar Jahanabadi (1937–2016)

Shah Turab-ul-Haq (1944–2016)

Saleemullah Khan (1921–2017)

Yunus Jaunpuri (1937–2017)

Alauddin Siddiqui (1938–2017)

Muhammad Abdul Wahhab (1923–2018)

Salim Qasmi (1926–2018)

Akhtar Raza Khan (1943–2018)

Iftikhar-ul-Hasan Kandhlawi (1922–2019)

Yusuf Motala (1946–2019)

Ghulam Nabi Kashmiri (1965–2019)

Khalid Mahmud (1925–2020)

Tafazzul Haque Habiganji (1938–2020)

Muhammad Abdus Sobhan (1936–2020)

Abdul Momin Imambari (1930–2020)

Saeed Ahmad Palanpuri (1940–2020)

Salman Mazahiri (1946–2020)

Shah Ahmad Shafi (1945–2020)

Adil Khan (1957–2020)

Khadim Hussain Rizvi (1966–2020)

Nur Hossain Kasemi (1945–2020)

Azizur Rahman Hazarvi (1948–2020)

Nizamuddin Asir Adrawi (1926–2021)

Muhammad Ali al-Sabuni (1930–2021)

Muhammad Wakkas (1952–2021)

Noor Alam Khalil Amini (1952–2021)

Usman Mansoorpuri (1944–2021)

Junaid Babunagari (1953–2021)

Wali Rahmani (1943–2021)

Ebrahim Desai (1963–2021)

Abdus Salam Chatgami (1943–2021)

Abdur Razzaq Iskander (1935–2021)

Nurul Islam Jihadi (1916–2021)

Faizul Waheed (1964–2021)

Wahiduddin Khan (1925–2021)

AbdulWahid Rigi (d. 2022)

Abdul Halim Bukhari (1945–2022)

Rafi Usmani (1936–2022)

Delwar Hossain Sayeedi (1940–2023)

Shahidul Islam (1960–2023)

Living

Scholars of other Sunni Islamic schools of jurisprudence

v t e People of Khorasan
Scientists	Abu Hatam Isfizari Abu Ma'shar al-Balkhi Abu Wafa Abu Ubayd Juzjani Abu Zayd Balkhi Alfraganus Ali Qushji Avicenna Birjandi Biruni Hasib Marwazi Ibn Hayyan Abu Ja'far al-Khazin Khazini Khojandi Khwarizmi Nasawi Nasir al-Din al-Tusi Omar Khayyam Sharaf al-Din al-Tusi Sijzi
Philosophers	Algazel Amiri Avicenna Farabi Haji Bektash Veli Nasir Khusraw Sijistani Shahrastani
Islamic scholars	Abu Dawud al-Sijistani Abu Barakat Nasafi Abu Hanifa Abu Hafs Nasafi Abu Layth Samarqandi Abu Mu'in Nasafi Abu Qasim Samarqandi Ansari Baghavi Bayhaqi Bazdawi Bukhari Dabusi Fatima Samarqandi Ghazali Ghaznawi Hakim Tirmidhi Hakim Nishapuri Ibn Hibban Ibn Mubarak Ibn Tayfour Sajawandi Juwayni Kasani Kashifi Lamishi Marghinani Maturidi Mulla al-Qari Muqatil Muslim Nasa'i Qushayri Razi Sabuni Sajawandi Sarakhsi Shaykh Tusi Taftazani Tha'labi Nishapuri Tirmidhi Zamakhshari
Poets and artists	Abu Sa'id Abu'l-Khayr Anvari Aruzi Samarqandi Asadi Tusi Attar Nishapuri Behzad Daqiqi Farrukhi Sistani Ferdowsi Jami Kashifi Nasir Khusraw Rabia Balkhi Rudaki Rumi Sanā'ī
Historians and political figures	Abu'l-Fadl Bayhaqi Abu'l-Hasan Isfarayini Abu'l-Ma'ali Nasrallah Abu Muslim Khorasani Gardizi Ali-Shir Nava'i Ata-Malik Juvayni Aufi Abu Ali Bal'ami Gawhar Shad Ibn Khordadbeh Khalid ibn Barmak Minhaj al-Siraj Juzjani Nizam al-Mulk Tahir ibn Husayn Yahya Barmaki Ahmad ibn Nizam al-Mulk Shihab al-Nasawi

Maturidi school of Sunni theology

Maturidi scholars

3rd AH/9th AD	Abu Mansur al-Maturidi (d. 333 AH) Al-Hakim al-Samarqandi (d. 342 AH) Abu Bakr al-Kalabadhi (d. 379 AH) Abu al-Layth al-Samarqandi (d. 396 AH)
4th AH/10th AD	Abu Zayd al-Dabusi (d. 429 AH) Ali Hujwiri (d. 464 AH) Yūsuf Balasaguni (d. 469 AH) Fakhr al-Islam al-Bazdawi (d. 482 AH) Al-Sarakhsi (d. 483 AH) Abu al-Yusr al-Bazdawi (d. 493 AH)
5th AH/11th AD	Abu al-Mu'in al-Nasafi (d. 508 AH) Abu Ishaq al-Saffar al-Bukhari (d. 534 AH) Yusuf Hamadani (d. 535 AH) Sheikh Ahmad-e Jami (d. 536 AH) Abu Hafs Umar al-Nasafi (d. 537 AH) Ahmad Yasawi (d. 561 AH) Nur al-Din Zengi (d. 569 AH) Siraj al-Din al-Ushi (d. 575 AH) Nur al-Din al-Sabuni (d. 580 AH) Fatima al-Samarqandi (d. 581 AH) Al-Kasani (d. 587 AH) Jamal al-Din al-Ghaznawi (d. 593 AH)
6th AH/12th AD	Abu al-Thana' al-Lamishi (d. beginning of the 6th century AH) Al-Mu'azzam 'Isa (d. 624 AH) Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki (d. 632 AH) Mu'in al-Din Chishti (d. 633 AH) Saif ed-Din al-Boharsi (d. 659 AH) Baba Farid (d. 664 AH) Rumi (d. 671 AH) Shams al-Din al-Samarqandi (d. after 690 AH)
7th AH/13th AD	Abu al-Barakat al-Nasafi (d. 710 AH) Sultan Walad (d. 711 AH) Nizamuddin Auliya (d. 725 AH) Sadr al-Shari'a al-Asghar (d. 747 AH) Akmal al-Din al-Babarti (d. 786 AH) Baha' al-Din Naqshband (d. 791 AH) Kadi Burhan al-Din (d. 800 AH)
8th AH/14th AD	Bande Nawaz (d. 825 AH) Shams al-Din al-Fanari (d. 834 AH) 'Ala' al-Din al-Bukhari (d. 841 AH) Yaqub al-Charkhi (d. 851 AH) Ahmad ibn Arabshah (d. 861 AH) Badr al-Din al-'Ayni (d. 855 AH) Al-Kamal ibn al-Humam (d. 861 AH) Khidr Bey (d. 863 AH) Ali al-Bistami (d. 874 AH) 'Ali al-Qushji (d. 879 AH) Mehmed II (d. 886 AH) Khwaja Ahrar (d. 895 AH)
9th AH/15th AD	Ali-Shir Nava'i (d. 906 AH) Husayn Kashifi (d. 910 AH) Ibn Kemal (d. 940 AH) Abdul Quddus Gangohi (d. 943 AH) Ibrāhīm al-Ḥalabī (d. 955 AH) Taşköprüzade (d. 968 AH) Muhammad Birgivi (d. 980 AH) Ebussuud Efendi (d. 982 AH)
10th AH/16th AD	Khwaja Baqi Billah (d. 1011 AH) 'Ali al-Qari (d. 1014 AH) Hasan Kafi al-Aqhisari (d. 1025 AH) Ahmad Sirhindi (d. 1034 AH) Mahmud Hudayi (d. 1037 AH) 'Abd al-Haqq al-Dehlawi (d. 1052 AH) Mulla Mahmud Jaunpuri (d. 1061 AH) 'Abd al-Hakim al-Siyalkoti (d. 1067 AH) Wang Daiyu (d. around 1068 AH) Kâtip Çelebi (d. 1068 AH) Shihab al-Din al-Khafaji (d. 1069 AH) Khayr al-Din al-Ramli (d. 1081 AH)
11th AH/17th AD	Aurangzeb (d. 1118 AH) Ma Zhu (d. around 1123 AH) Ismail Haqqi Bursevi (d. 1127 AH) Shah Abdur Rahim (d. 1131 AH) Liu Zhi of Nanjing (d. 1158 AH, or 1178 AH) Nizamuddin Sihalivi (d. 1161 AH) Makhdoom Muhammad Hashim Thattvi (d. 1174 AH) Shah Waliullah Dehlawi (d. 1176 AH) 'Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulsi (d. 1176 AH) İbrahim Hakkı Erzurumi (d. 1193 AH) Mirza Mazhar Jan-e-Janaan (d. 1195 AH)
12th AH/18th AD	Gelenbevi Ismail Efendi (d. 1204 AH) Murtada al-Zabidi (d. 1205 AH) Sanaullah Panipati (d. 1225 AH) Ghabdennasir Qursawi (d. 1226 AH) Ghulam Ali Dehlavi (d. 1239 AH) Shah Abdul Aziz (d. 1239 AH) Shah Ismail Dehlvi (d. 1246 AH) Syed Ahmad Barelvi (d. 1246 AH) Ibn 'Abidin (d. 1252 AH) Muhammad 'Abid al-Sindi (d. 1257 AH) Mamluk Ali Nanautawi (d. 1267 AH) Fazl-e-Haq Khairabadi (d. 1278 AH) Yusuf Ma Dexin (d. 1291 AH) Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi (d. 1297 AH) Naqi Ali Khan (d. 1297 AH) 'Abd al-Ghani al-Maydani (d. 1298 AH)
13th AH/19th AD	'Abd al-Hayy al-Lucknawi (d. 1304 AH) Shihab al-Din al-Marjani (d. 1306 AH) Rahmatullah al-Kairanawi (d. 1308 AH) Giritli Sırrı Pasha (d. 1312 AH) Ahmed Cevdet Pasha (d. 1312 AH) Imdadullah Muhajir Makki (d. 1317 AH) Abai Qunanbaiuly (d. 1321 AH) Rashid Ahmad Gangohi (d. 1323 AH) Ahmad Hasan Amrohi (d. 1330 AH) Muhammad Anwaarullah Farooqui (d. 1335 AH) Mahmud Hasan Deobandi (d. 1338 AH) Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi (d. 1340 AH) Shakarim Qudayberdiuli (d. 1344 AH) Muhammad Ali Mungeri (d. 1346 AH) Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri (d. 1346 AH) Anwar Shah Kashmiri (d. 1352 AH) Muhammad Bakhit al-Muti'i (d. 1354 AH) Fatma Aliye Topuz (d. 1354 AH) Meher Ali Shah (d. 1356 AH) Muhammed Hamdi Yazır (d. 1361 AH) Ashraf Ali Thanwi (d. 1361 AH) Ubaidullah Sindhi (d. 1364 AH) Shabbir Ahmad Usmani (d. 1368 AH) Musa Bigiev (d. 1368 AH) Al-Kawthari (d. 1371 AH) Kifayatullah Dehlawi (d. 1371 AH) Mustafa Sabri (d. 1373 AH) Husayn Ahmad al-Madani (d. 1377 AH) Süleyman Hilmi Tunahan (d. 1378 AH) Ömer Nasuhi Bilmen (d. 1391 AH) Muhammad Abu Zahra (d. 1394 AH) Muhammad Shafi' Deobandi (d. 1395 AH) Abul Wafa Al Afghani (d. 1395 AH) Abdul Majid Daryabadi (d. 1397 AH)
14th AH/20th AD	Muhammad Zakariyya al-Kandhlawi (d. 1402 AH) Muhammad Tayyib Qasmi (d. 1403 AH) Abdul Haq Akorwi (d. 1409 AH) Habib al-Rahman al-'Azmi (d. 1412 AH) Muhammad Ayyub Ali (d. 1415 AH) Anzar Shah Kashmiri (d. 1428 AH) Wahbah al-Zuhayli (d. 1436 AH) Muhammad Salim Qasmi (d. 1439 AH) Saeed Ahmad Palanpuri (d. 1441 AH) Muhammad Ali al-Sabuni (d. 1442 AH) Nur Hossain Kasemi (d. 1442 AH) Usmankhan Alimov (d. 1443 AH) Muhammad Rafi' Usmani Muhammad Tahir-ul-Qadri Muhammad Taqi Usmani Husein Kavazović Salah Mezhiev

Theology books

See also

Maturidi-related templates