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Sayyida Zumurrud Khatun (Arabic: السيدة زمرد خاتون ,died 1203) also known as Umm al-Nasir (Arabic: أم الناصر) was the mother of Abbasid caliph al-Nasir. She was an influential woman of the late 12th century.

Biography

Zumurrud Khatun was one of Caliph al-Mustadi's concubines. She was a Turkish, and was the mother of the future caliph al-Nasir.

By most accounts, Zumurrud Khatun is identified as a formerly-enslaved Turkish woman who became a prominent noblewoman during the later Abbasid Caliphate. She rose to this position through marriage to Caliph al-Mustadi. Zumurrud Khatun is also remembered as the mother of Caliph al-Nasir. She is described as being a pious woman and an active patroness of architecture and public works.

Her legacy as patroness was due to her restoration of public infrastructure and for building educational and funerary buildings. The Mosque and Mausoleum of Zumurrud Khatun were created at the commission of al-Nasir and his mother before her death in 1202. After her death, she was laid to rest in the mausoleum following a funeral procession.

Zamurrud Khatun was also actively involved in the construction of a madrasa. Furthermore, she was also remembered by many as an active member in politics and Islamic religious policies, a generous person devoted to Islamic teachings and law, and various other aspects. For instance, she is in history for spending 300,000 dirhams to repair water supplies and cisterns during the pilgrimage.

Death

Various chronicles describe Sayyida Zumurrud Khatun as "a very devout woman" who pleaded with her son to free the famous scholar Ibn al-Jawzi. Zumurrud was herself a follower of Hanbali school.

She died in December 1202–January 1203, or January–February 1203, and was buried in her own mausoleum in Sheikh Maarouf Cemetery.

References

1. ^ Tabbaa, Yasser (2001). The Transformation of Islamic Art during the Sunni Revival. University of Washington Press. ISBN 978-0-295-98125-3.
2. Singer, A. (2002). Constructing Ottoman Beneficence: An Imperial Soup Kitchen in Jerusalem. SUNY series in Near Eastern Studies. State University of New York Press. p. 146. ISBN 978-0-7914-5351-3.
3. ^ Jacobi, Renate (2002). "Zumurrud K̲h̲ātūn". In Bearman, P. J.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E. & Heinrichs, W. P. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume XI: W–Z. Leiden: E. J. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-12756-2.
4. El-Hibri, Tayeb (2021-04-22). The Abbasid Caliphate: A History (1 ed.). Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781316869567.005. ISBN 978-1-316-86956-7.
5. Le Strange, Guy (1900). Baghdad During the Abbasid Caliphate. From Contemporary Arabic and Persian Sources. Oxford: Clarendon Press. OCLC 257810905.
6. Leiden (2002). Encyclopedia of Islam. Infobase Publishing.
7. al-Athīr, ʻIzz al-Dīn; Richards, Donald Sydney (2006). Years 589-629/1193-1231. Crusade texts in translation. Ashgate. p. 71. ISBN 978-0-7546-4079-0.
8. Ohlander, Erik (2008). Sufism in an Age of Transition: ʿUmar al-Suhrawardī and the Rise of the Islamic Mystical Brotherhoods. Islamic History and Civilization. Brill. p. 92. ISBN 978-90-474-3214-2.
9. Hann, G.; Dabrowska, K.; Townsend-Greaves, T. (2015). Iraq: The ancient sites and Iraqi Kurdistan. Bradt Travel Guides. Bradt Travel Guides. p. 146. ISBN 978-1-84162-488-4.

• 1203 deaths
• Concubines of the Abbasid caliphs
• Mothers of Abbasid caliphs
• 12th-century people from the Abbasid Caliphate
• 12th-century women from the Abbasid Caliphate
• 13th-century women from the Abbasid Caliphate
• 13th-century people from the Abbasid Caliphate
• Turkic people