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Sub-angled wave
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
Family:	Geometridae
Genus:	Scopula
Species:	S. nigropunctata
Binomial name
Scopula nigropunctata (Hufnagel, 1767)
Synonyms
Phalaena nigropunctata Hufnagel, 1767 Calothysanis exemptaria Hubner, 1823 Phalaena inspersata Schrank, 1802 Phalaena nemorata Borkhausen, 1794 Phalaena tristriaria Fabricius, 1794 Craspedia imbella Warren, 1901 Acidalia subcandidata Walker, 1863

Scopula nigropunctata, the sub-angled wave, is a moth of the family Geometridae. It is found through most of the Palearctic realm.

The species has a wingspan of 29–34 mm. It is closely related to Scopula umbelaria but smaller, less whitish, the ground-colour being appreciably more testaceous and on an average more strongly dusted. The forewing looks slightly shorter and broader, its distal margin being more strongly curved or bent in the middle so that its anterior part becomes less oblique; the black discal spot nearly always distinct, often large; the median shade, which in the typical form is strong and dark, and the postmedian line are both angled near the costa of the forewing, and the former runs rather more obliquely than in umbelaria; the hindwing has the angle in the middle rather stronger on the average, though very variable; both wings have usually a dark terminal line, interrupted at the vein-ends and often thickened between; the black dots in the fringe are very slight or are wanting. Both sexes are sharply marked beneath and differ very little; the basal half, or more, of the forewing is more or less suffused with fuscous, especially on the veins, the inner line wanting; the hindwing has a zigzag outer line. In China and Japan, however, with Korea and probably S. E. Siberia, occur a succession of more puzzling forms, extremely variable in size and shape, in ground-colour and in distinctness of marking. The egg has the normal longitudinal and finer transverse ribbing. The larva is very slender, tapering slightly anteriorly the head rounded, skin transversely ribbed, the spiracles very small, brown; the general colour is greenish grey with a narrow, distinct dull green dorsal line; on the extreme anterior edge of each of the middle segments there is a square black spot, divided down its centre by the dorsal line. The pupa has six minute hooks on the cremaster in addition to the strong pair of central spines.

The moth flies from May to August depending on the location.

The larvae feed on a variety of shrubs and deciduous trees. In captivity they feed on Taraxacum and Clematis species.

Subspecies

• Scopula nigropunctata nigropunctata
• Scopula nigropunctata chosensis Bryk, 1949
• Scopula nigropunctata imbella (Warren, 1901)
• Scopula nigropunctata subcandidata (Walker, )
• Scopula nigropunctata subimbella Inoue, 1958

References

1. Sihvonen, Pasi (April 1, 2005). "Phylogeny and classification of the Scopulini moths (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Sterrhinae)". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 143 (4): 473–530. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2005.00153.x.
2. Prout, L. B. (1912–16). Geometridae. In A. Seitz (ed.) The Macrolepidoptera of the World. The Palaearctic Geometridae, 4. 479 pp. Alfred Kernen, Stuttgart.pdf This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.

External links

• Sub-angled wave at UKmoths
• Lepiforum.de
• Vlindernet.nl (in Dutch)

• v
• t
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• Moths described in 1767
• Scopula
• Palearctic Lepidoptera
• Taxa named by Johann Siegfried Hufnagel
• Scopula stubs