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Sculptor Dwarf Elliptical Galaxy
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
Constellation	Sculptor
Right ascension	01 00 09.3
Declination	−33° 42′ 33″
Redshift	110 ± 1 km/s
Distance	290 ± 30 kly (90 ± 10 kpc)
Apparent magnitude (V)	10.1
Characteristics
Type	E
Apparent size (V)	39′.8 × 30′.9
Other designations
Sculptor Dwarf Spheroidal, PGC 3589, MCG-06-03-015, ESO 351-30

The Sculptor Dwarf Galaxy (also known as Sculptor Dwarf Elliptical Galaxy or the Sculptor Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy, and formerly as the Sculptor System) is a dwarf spheroidal galaxy that is a satellite of the Milky Way. The galaxy lies within the constellation Sculptor. It was discovered in 1937 by American astronomer Harlow Shapley using the 24-inch Bruce refractor at Boyden Observatory. The galaxy is located about 290,000 light-years away from the Solar System. The Sculptor Dwarf contains only 4 percent of the carbon and other heavy elements in our own galaxy, the Milky Way, making it similar to primitive galaxies seen at the edge of the universe.

Metallicity

The metallicity of Sculptor dwarf appears to be broken up into two distinct groups, one with = −2.3 and the other with = −1.5. Similar to many of the other Local Group galaxies, the older metal-poor segment appears more extended than the younger metal-rich segment. Using cosmological numerical simulations, it has been recently argued that Sculptor's two distinct stellar populations would be the tell-tale sign of a past merger between Sculptor and another small dwarf galaxy companion.

The Sculptor Dwarf is home to the most metal-poor star outside of the Milky Way, known as AS0039, with a metallicity of = −4.11. Unlike other known metal-poor stars, it has a low carbon abundance and an unusual ratio of alpha elements, suggesting it may have been formed in the aftermath of a Population III star hypernova.

Measurements

Using both Hubble Space Telescope and Gaia observations 12 years apart, about 100 stars in the galaxy were mapped accurately, and 3D motions of about 10 of those stars enable trajectories to be mapped as well.

References

1. ^ "NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database". Results for PGC 3589. Retrieved 2006-12-03.
2. I. D. Karachentsev; V. E. Karachentseva; W. K. Hutchmeier; D. I. Makarov (2004). "A Catalog of Neighboring Galaxies". Astronomical Journal (abstract). 128 (4): 2031–2068. Bibcode:2004AJ....127.2031K. doi:10.1086/382905.
3. Karachentsev, I. D.; Kashibadze, O. G. (2006). "Masses of the local group and of the M81 group estimated from distortions in the local velocity field". Astrophysics. 49 (1): 3–18. Bibcode:2006Ap.....49....3K. doi:10.1007/s10511-006-0002-6. S2CID 120973010.
4. Stoyan, Ronald; Schurig, Stephan (2014). interstellarum Deep Sky Atlas. Erlangen: Cambridge University Press; Oculum-Verlag GmbH. ISBN 978-1-107-50338-0. OCLC 920437579.
5. Shapley, H. (1938). "A Stellar System of a New Type". Harvard College Observatory Bulletin. 908: 1–11. Bibcode:1938BHarO.908....1S.
6. Shapley H (1938). "Two Stellar Systems of a New Kind". Nature. 142 (3598): 715–6. Bibcode:1938Natur.142..715S. doi:10.1038/142715b0. S2CID 4071472.
7. Astronomers Detect Dust Around a Primitive Star, Shedding New Light on Universe’s Origins Newswise, Retrieved on January 19, 2008.
8. S.R. Majewski; et al. (20 July 1999). "An Internal Second-Parameter Problem in the Sculptor Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy". The Astrophysical Journal. 520 (1): L33 – L36. arXiv:astro-ph/9905238. Bibcode:1999ApJ...520L..33M. doi:10.1086/312133. S2CID 14523540.
9. van den Bergh, Sidney (April 2000). "Updated Information on the Local Group". The Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 112 (770): 529–536. arXiv:astro-ph/0001040. Bibcode:2000PASP..112..529V. doi:10.1086/316548. S2CID 1805423.
10. Benítez-Llambay, A.; Navarro, J. F.; Abadi, M. G.; Gottlöber, S.; Yepes, G.; Hoffman, Y.; Steinmetz, M. (2016-02-21). "Mergers and the outside-in formation of dwarf spheroidals". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 456 (2): 1185–1194. doi:10.1093/mnras/stv2722. hdl:10486/684610. ISSN 0035-8711.
11. Skúladóttir, Ása; Salvadori, Stefania; Amarsi, Anish M.; Tolstoy, Eline; Irwin, Michael J.; Hill, Vanessa; Jablonka, Pascale; Battaglia, Giuseppina; Starkenburg, Else; Massari, Davide; Helmi, Amina; Posti, Lorenzo (2021). "Zero-metallicity Hypernova Uncovered by an Ultra-metal-poor Star in the Sculptor Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 915 (2): 8. arXiv:2106.11592. Bibcode:2021ApJ...915L..30S. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ac0dc2. S2CID 235593020. L30.
12. Hubble and Gaia team up to measure 3D stellar motion with record-breaking precision

External links

• The Sculptor Dwarf Galaxy on WikiSky: DSS2, SDSS, GALEX, IRAS, Hydrogen α, X-Ray, Astrophoto, Sky Map, Articles and images

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Astronomy portal Category

v t e Constellation of Sculptor
List of stars in Sculptor Sculptor in Chinese astronomy
Stars	Bayer α β γ δ ε ζ η θ ι κ κ λ λ μ ξ π σ τ Variable R BW HD 4113 4208 (Cocibolca) 9578 Other Gliese 1 Gliese 42 HE 2359-2844 LTT 9779 TOI-178 WASP-8 WASP-45 WD 0137−349
Exoplanets HD 4113 b HD 4208 b TOI-178c WASP-8b
Star clusters Blanco 1 NGC 288
Galaxies	NGC 7 10 24 55 101 115 131 134 148 150 174 254 264 289 300 314 334 365 378 409 415 418 423 424 427 438 439 441 461 491 526 527 544 549 612 613 626 630 7793 7812 Other 2MASX J00482185−2507365 occulting pair A2744 YD4 Abell 2744 Y1 Cartwheel Galaxy Comet Galaxy ESO 540-030 H2356-309 Haro 11 IC 5332 Sculptor Galaxy Sculptor Dwarf Galaxy Sculptor Dwarf Irregular Galaxy UNCOVER-z12 UNCOVER-z13
Galaxy clusters Abell 2667 Abell 2744
Astronomical events SN 2009gj
Category

• Dwarf spheroidal galaxies
• Local Group
• Milky Way Subgroup
• Sculptor (constellation)
• Principal Galaxies Catalogue objects
• MCG objects
• ESO objects
• Astronomical objects discovered in 1937