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Sepiadarium austrinum

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Species of cuttlefish

Sepiadarium austrinum
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Cephalopoda
Order: Sepiida
Family: Sepiadariidae
Genus: Sepiadarium
Species: S. austrinum
Binomial name
Sepiadarium austrinum
Berry, 1921

Sepiadarium austrinum, the southern bottletail squid, is a species of cuttlefish in the genus Sepiadarium. It was first described by S. Stillman Berry in 1921 based on a specimen found in St. Vincent Bay in South Australia.

Description

S. austrinum is very small and round, with kidney-shaped fins on the back third of its body. It has a mantle length of up to three centimeters and a total length of up to four centimeters. It can be transparent, yellow, or orange, with egg-shaped white leucophores. S. austrinum has ten arms and tentacles with nine or ten rows of suckers on each arm.

Distribution

S. austrinum is found in the southern Indo-Pacific in southern Australia, with a small population in the Spencer Gulf. They are mostly found in sandy habitats in shallow, sheltered waters at depths up to 65 meters.

Behavior

S. austrinum buries itself in the sand during the day and feeds at night. It is able to produce slime when threatened.

Diet

S. austrinum is carnivorous. It feeds in the sand and near seagrass beds. Its diet is mostly composed of small fish and crustaceans, including amphipods and especially benthic isopods.

Reproduction

S. austrinum reproduce from a young age; immature females can also store sperm. Individuals mate with multiple partners. Mating is initiated by males and there is no observed courtship behavior. Males pass sperm packages to the female, who stores them in a pouch below her mouth. Males can also use a special arm to remove the sperm of other males from the pouch. Females can also remove sperm from the pouch, and regularly consume spermatophores. They fertilize eggs by passing them over the pouch. Clumps of eggs are covered in sand and attached to seaweed or seagrass.

Life cycle

S. austrinum is an annual species. Juveniles settle quickly after hatching.

Relationship to humans

S. austrinum survives well in aquariums, which may make them of commercial interest. They may bite when handled.

References

  1. ^ Caruana, Nikeisha J.; Strugnell, Jan M.; Faou, Pierre; Finn, Julian; Cooke, Ira R. (2019-03-01). "Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Slime from the Striped Pyjama Squid, Sepioloidea lineolata , and the Southern Bottletail Squid, Sepiadarium austrinum (Cephalopoda: Sepiadariidae)". Journal of Proteome Research. 18 (3): 890–899. doi:10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00569. ISSN 1535-3893. PMID 30628786. S2CID 58603105.
  2. ^ Runck, Allison (2021-09-29). "Southern Bottletail Squid". The Australian Museum. Retrieved 2023-03-30.
  3. ^ Reid, A. (2005). "Family Sepiadariidae". In Jereb, P.; Roper, C. F. E. (eds.). Cephalopods of the World: An Annotated and Illustrated Catalog of Species Known to Date (PDF). FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes No. 4, Vol. 1. Vol. 1: Chambered Nautiluses and Sepioids (Nautilidae, Sepiidae, Sepiolidae, Sepiadariidae, Idiosepiidae and Spirulidae). Rome, Italy: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. ISBN 92-5-105383-9. ISSN 1020-8682.
  4. Marshall, Bruce (2022-10-11). "Sepiadarium austrinum S. S. Berry, 1921". World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2023-03-30.
  5. Berry, S. Stillman (1921-01-29). "A review of the Cephalopod genera Sepioloidea, Sepiadarium and Idiosepius". Records of the South Australian Museum. 1 (4): 354.
  6. ^ "Species: Sepiadarium austrinum (Southern Bottletail Squid)". Atlas of Living Australia. Retrieved 2023-04-03.
  7. ^ Finn, J.; Norman, M. (2014). "Sepiadarium austrinum Berry, 1921, Southern Bottletail Squid". Museums Victoria Collections. Retrieved 2023-04-03.
  8. ^ Wegener, Benjamin J.; Stuart-Fox, Devi M.; Norman, Mark D.; Wong, Bob B.M. (2013). "Strategic male mate choice minimizes ejaculate consumption". Behavioral Ecology. 24 (3): 668–671. doi:10.1093/beheco/ars216. ISSN 1465-7279.
  9. Schlessinger, Rachel A. (2016-05-19). Ménage à Trois in the Atlantic Brief Squid (Lolliguncula brevis): Prior Presence Affects Mate Choice (Masters). CUNY Hunter College. Retrieved 2023-04-03.
Taxon identifiers
Sepiadarium austrinum
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