Seventeenth Dynasty of Egypt

The Seventeenth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XVII, alternatively 17th Dynasty or Dynasty 17) was a dynasty of pharaohs that ruled in Upper Egypt during the late Second Intermediate Period, approximately from 1580 to 1550 BC. Its mainly Theban rulers are contemporary with the Hyksos of the Fifteenth Dynasty and succeed the Sixteenth Dynasty, which was also based in Thebes.

In March 2012, French archeologists examining a limestone door in the Precinct of Amun-Re at Karnak discovered hieroglyphs with the name Senakhtenre, the first evidence of this king dating to his lifetime.

The last two kings of the dynasty opposed the Hyksos rule over Egypt and initiated a war that would rid Egypt of the Hyksos kings and began a period of unified rule, the New Kingdom of Egypt.

Kamose, the second son of Seqenenre Tao and last king of the Seventeenth Dynasty, was the brother of Ahmose I, the first king of the Eighteenth Dynasty.

Some mainstream scholars have suggested that the Seventeenth dynasty of Egypt had Nubian ancestry due to the expanded presence of Nubians in Egypt during that time period and the craniofacial evidence from X-ray examination of Seqenenre Tao who displayed strong affinities with contemporary Nubians. Donald Redford explicitly argues that Egyptians "entered into the service of the king of Kush" between seventeenth and sixteenth centuries BC, citing historical texts along with archaeological evidence that showed an increased Nubian presence from the third Cataract on the Nile as far north as Deir Rifeh. Redford summarises that a shared "community of interest" existed which coincided with the influx of Nubian pottery and weapons in Upper Egypt. There is no conclusive evidence that the founder of the dynasty, Rahotep, was of Nubian origin however and the dynasty is recognized as a native Egyptian dynasty by many scholars.

Pharaohs of the 17th Dynasty

The Pharaohs of the 17th Dynasty ruled for approximately 30 years. Known rulers of the 17th Dynasty are as follows:

Dynasty XVII Kings of Egypt
Nomen (personal name)	Prenomen (throne name)	Horus-name	Reign	Burial	Consort(s)	Comments
Rahotep	Sekhemre-wahkhaw	Wahankh	c. 1585 BC
Sobekemsaf I	Sekhemre-wadjkhaw	Hetepnetjeru	7 years		Nubemhat
Sobekemsaf II	Sekhemre-shedtawy	(unknown)		Robbed during the reign of Ramesses IX	Nubkhaes
Intef V	Sekhemre-wepmaat	Wepmaat		Dra' Abu el-Naga'?
Intef VI	Nubkheperre	Neferkheperu		Dra' Abu el-Naga'	Sobekemsaf
Intef VII	Sekhemre-heruhermaat	(unknown)		Dra' Abu el-Naga'?	Haankhes
Ahmose	Senakhtenre	Merymaat	1 year		Tetisheri
Tao	Seqenenre	Khaemwaset	c. 1560 (4 years)	Dra' Abu el-Naga'?	Ahmose Inhapy Sitdjehuti Ahhotep I	Died in battle against the Hyksos
Kamose	Wadjkheperre	Khahernesetef	1555 to 1550 BC (5 years)	Dra' Abu el-Naga'	Ahhotep II?

Periods and dynasties of ancient Egypt

All years are BC

Early

Pre-dynastic period
First Dynasty	I	c. 3150–2890
Second Dynasty	II	2890–2686

Old Kingdom

Third Dynasty	III	2686–2613
Fourth Dynasty	IV	2613–2498
Fifth Dynasty	V	2498–2345
Sixth Dynasty	VI	2345–2181

First Intermediate

Seventh Dynasty	VII	spurious
Eighth Dynasty	VIII	2181–2160
Ninth Dynasty	IX	2160–2130
Tenth Dynasty	X	2130–2040
Early Eleventh Dynasty	XI	2134–2061

Middle Kingdom

Late Eleventh Dynasty	XI	2061–1991
Twelfth Dynasty	XII	1991–1803
Thirteenth Dynasty	XIII	1803–1649

Second Intermediate

Fourteenth Dynasty	XIV	1705–1690
Fifteenth Dynasty (Hyksos)	XV	1674–1535
Sixteenth Dynasty	XVI	1660–1600
Abydos Dynasty		1650–1600
Seventeenth Dynasty	XVII	1580–1549

New Kingdom

Eighteenth Dynasty	XVIII	1549–1292
Nineteenth Dynasty	XIX	1292–1189
Twentieth Dynasty	XX	1189–1077

Third Intermediate

Twenty-first Dynasty	XXI	1069–945
Twenty-second Dynasty	XXII	945–720
Twenty-third Dynasty	XXIII	837–728
Twenty-fourth Dynasty	XXIV	732–720
Twenty-fifth Dynasty (Nubian)	XXV	732–653

Late Period

Twenty-sixth Dynasty	XXVI	672–525
Twenty-seventh Dynasty (1st Persian Period)	XXVII	525–404
Twenty-eighth Dynasty	XXVIII	404–398
Twenty-ninth Dynasty	XXIX	398–380
Thirtieth Dynasty	XXX	380–343
Thirty-first Dynasty (2nd Persian Period)	XXXI	343–332

Hellenistic Egypt

Thirty-second Dynasty	XXXII	332–305
Thirty-third Dynasty	XXXIII	305–30

Roman Egypt

Thirty-fourth Dynasty
(Roman Pharaohs)

XXXIV

30 BC – 313 AD

Byzantine Egypt

Thirty-fifth Dynasty
(speculated)

XXXV

379 AD – 641 AD

See also: List of pharaohs by period and dynasty
Periodization of ancient Egypt

Finally, king Nebmaatre may have been a ruler of the early 17th Dynasty.

Pharaonic Family tree

Sobekemsaf I

Nubemhat

Sobekemsaf II

Nubkhaes II

Sekhemre-Wepmaat Intef

Nubkheperre Intef

Sobekemsaf

Sekhemre-Heruhirmaat Intef

References

^ Shaw, Ian, ed. (2000). The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt. Oxford University Press. p. 481. ISBN 0-19-815034-2.
"A Pharaoh of the Seventeenth dynasty identified at Karnak". CFEETK – Centre Franco-Égyptien d'Étude des Temples de Karnak. Archived from the original on 2012-03-11.
F. J. Yurco. "'Were the ancient Egyptians black or white?'". Biblical Archaeology Review. (Vol 15, no. 5, 1989): 35–37.
Bruce., Redford, Donald (2006). From slave to pharaoh : the black experience of ancient Egypt. Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 35–37. ISBN 978-0-8018-8544-0. OCLC 843428071.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Keita, S. O. Y. (September 2022). "Ideas about "Race" in Nile Valley Histories: A Consideration of "Racial" Paradigms in Recent Presentations on Nile Valley Africa, from "Black Pharaohs" to Mummy Genomest". Journal of Ancient Egyptian Interconnections.
"A new dynasty emerged in Thebes out of a local branch of the Thirteenth Dynasty. It was founded by Rahotep, who took Wahankh as his Horus name."Grimal, Nicolas (1994). A History of Ancient Egypt. Wiley-Blackwell (July 19, 1994). p. 187.
"In between the Hyksos kingdom, in the Delta and Middle Egypt, and the Kingdom of Kush, south of the 1st cataract, was squeezed the only “true” Egyptian dynasty, the 17th in Thebes."Van de Mieroop, Marc (2021). A History of Ancient Egypt. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 136.
"The conflict came to a head in a confrontation between the Hyksos and the native Theban rulers (Dynasty 17)"David, Rosalie (2007). Handbook to Life in Ancient Egypt Revised. Oxford University Press. p. 33.
"In the south, Nubians entered Egypt to serve under the Theban rulers of the Seventeenth Dynasty (1640–1550 B.C.E.), who would rise up to restore a united land."Bunson, Margaret (2002). Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt (Facts on File Library of World History). Facts on File. p. 383.
"SEVENTEENTH DYNASTY. An upper Egyptian Succession (c.1665-1509) of local rulers in the Theban area."Redford, Donald (200). The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt: 003. Oxford Univ Pr. p. 273.
"(Fifteenth Dynasty) in the eastern Delta was perceived to be a foreign occupation by the Egyptian Seventeenth Dynasty that ruled in Thebes"Noll, K.L. (2002). Canaan and Israel in Antiquity: An Introduction. Sheffield Academic Press. p. 123.
"The revolution by the Egyptian native Seven- teenth Dynasty against the Hyksos resulted in a subsequent campaign"Dumper, Michael (2006). Cities of the Middle East and North Africa: A Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO (2006). p. 105.
"until they were eventually dispelled by a rival , native dynasty from Thebes Tubb, Jonathan N. (1999). Canaanites (Volume 2) (Peoples of the Past). University of Oklahoma Press. p. 62.
"and the Second lntermediate Period saw an Egyptian dynasty ruling from Thebes, while the Palestinian Hyksos ruled the north"Tyldesley, Joyce (2007). Egypt: How a Lost Civilisation Was Rediscovered. BBC Books. p. 14.
"while an indigenous Seventeenth Dynasty ( ca. 1650–1552 BCE ) ruled over Thebes ."Modrzejewski, Joseph Meleze (1995). Jews of Egypt from Rameses II to Emperor Hadrian. T&T Clark. p. 7.
"but there was also a native 17th dynasty ( ca 1640 - ca1540 ) in Thebes"Castleden, Rodney (1995). The Concise Encyclopedia of World History. Parragon Book Service. p. 191.
K. S. B. Ryholt, Adam Bülow-Jacobse, The political situation in Egypt during the second intermediate period, c. 1800-1550 B.C., pp 168, 170, 171, 179, 204, 400

External links

Kings of the Second Intermediate Period: University College London

Preceded by16th Dynasty

Dynasty of Egypt
1585−1550 BC

Succeeded by18th Dynasty

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