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Siege of Chania (1660)

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Siege of Chania (1660)
Part of the Cretan War (Fifth Ottoman–Venetian War)

Map of Chania, Ottoman drawing
Date25 August – 15 September 1660
LocationChania
Result Ottoman victory
Belligerents
 Ottoman Empire  Republic of Venice
 France
Knights of Malta
 Papal States
Tuscany Duchy of Tuscany
Commanders and leaders
Unknown Francesco Morosini
Almerigo d'Este
Chevalier Paul
Fabrizio Ruffo
Strength
Unknown
Reinforcements:
4,200 men		 8,000 men
35 galleys
6 galleasses
35 ships
30 small crafts
Casualties and losses
Heavy Heavy
Cretan War (1645–1669)
Crete
Dalmatia
Naval operations


The siege of Chania in 1660 was an attempt by the Christian forces to recapture the city from the Ottoman hold. The Ottoman managed to thwart the Christian attempt to capture the city.

Background

In 1660, the Venetian general, Francesco Morosini, began his naval campaign by attacking Negroponte. The attack failed. Morosini then headed towards Kythira to meet the Allied forces in late April. On May 8, 7 Maltese galleys led by Fabrizio Ruffo. On June 28, The Venetians and Maltese were joined by 4 Papal and 3 Tuscan galleys. The next day, they were joined by a French fleet of 17 ships under Chevalier Paul consisting of 4,000 men. On August 2, the French commander, Almerigo d'Este, arrived. Disputes between the Christian commanders delayed the campaign but on the 22nd, they were able to sail for Crete with a total ships of 35 galleys, 6 galleasses, 35 ships, and 30 small crafts.

Siege

On the 25th, the Christian forces arrived in Souda bay. The Christians entered the bay under heavy Ottoman artillery fire. The troops landed 8,000 men. The Christians led by Morosini and d'Este attacked the fort of S. Veneranda, and despite its capture, the Christians sustained heavy losses. The French then moved to besiege the city of Chania, while the Venetians assaulted the minor forts of Calogero, Calami, and Castello dell'Apricorno. The Ottomans at Candia learned of the attack and dispatched a force of 4,000 men during which the Christian forces were heavily pressing on Chania. However, only 3,000 were able to enter the city, had the Venetian forces acted more seriously, they could have prevented them from entering. Later on, the Ottomans were able to reinforce the castle with 1,200 men, despite Christian efforts to stop them. With Chania being reinforced, the Christians abandoned the attack and reembarked on 15 September.

References

  1. Kenneth Meyer Setton, p. 189-190
  2. Anderson, R.C, p. 171-172
  3. Sir Paul Rycaut, p. 59
  4. Anderson, R.C, p. 172
  5. Kenneth Meyer Setton, p. 190
  6. Anderson, R.C, p. 172
  7. Kenneth Meyer Setton, p. 190
  8. Joseph von Hammer, p. 73
  9. Kenneth Meyer Setton, p. 190
  10. Joseph von Hammer, p. 73
  11. Sir Paul Rycaut, p. 59
  12. Anderson, R.C, p. 172
  13. Joseph von Hammer, p. 73
  14. Anderson, R.C, p. 172

Sources

  • Kenneth Meyer Setton (1991), Venice, Austria, and the Turks in the seventeenth century.
  • Anderson, R.C (1952), Naval wars in the Levant, 1559–1853.
  • Joseph von Hammer (1840), Histoire de l'Empire ottoman, Vol 11.
  • Sir Paul Rycaut (1680), The History of the Turkish Empire: From the Year 1623 to the Year 1677; Containing the Reigns of the Three Last Emperours.

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