Sleep is a composition for a cappella choir by Eric Whitacre, with lyrics by Charles Anthony Silvestri. He composed it in 2000, setting a poem, "Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening" by Robert Frost. When the lyrics were found still under copyright, Whitacre enlisted Silvestri to write new lyrics to the existing music.
History
In 1999, attorney and professional vocalist Julia Armstrong commissioned Whitacre to compose a choral composition as a memorial to her parents. She suggested the poem "Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening" that Robert Frost had published in 1923, and wanted the work to be premiered by the 16-voice choral ensemble Austin ProChorus in Austin, Texas, being a member of the group. Whitacre set the composition for eight parts (SSAATTBB), and it was premiered by the choir in October 2000.
After the work was performed also by The Concordia Choir, conducted by René Clausen, and at the 2001 national convention of the American Choral Directors Association, Whitacre learned that the Frost poem was still under U.S. copyright, and he could not publish the work before the copyright expired, without the consent of the Frost literary estate, which refused to grant permission. Rather than giving up publishing the work, Whitacre asked poet and frequent collaborator Charles Anthony Silvestri to write a new text which would correspond to the meter of the Frost poem and to the expressive details Whitacre had emphasized in the music. The next day Silvestri offered the poem "Sleep", taking up the theme of sleep from the last stanza of Frost's poem. Whitacre has stated that he prefers the Silvestri text over the original.
Whitacre selected the piece for his "virtual choir" project in 2010, in which videos submitted by hundreds of volunteer singers were combined to produce a video representation of a combined performance.
Whitacre originally believed the Frost poem's copyright would not expire until 2038; it in fact expired on 1 January 2019. Whitacre has stated that he does not plan to release the work with the original text.
Performances, recordings and arrangements
The work appears on Whitacre's 2010 album Light and Gold, his first album for Decca and the first he conducted himself, performed by a group called the Whitacre Singers. Sleep was also recorded in collaboration with Whitacre in 2001 by the BYU Singers and was included in a 2005 collection of choral works by Whitacre performed by Polyphony and conducted by Stephen Layton.
Sleep has also been arranged for concert band and string orchestra.
References
- ^ Whitacre, Eric. "Sleep". Retrieved June 10, 2016.
- ^ L.O. (June 24, 2011). "The Q&A: Eric Whitacre, composer (interview)". The Economist. Retrieved June 10, 2016.
- ^ Burns, Alex (April 19, 2002). "Eric Whitacre: Sleep". classicalexburns.com. Retrieved July 12, 2022.
- Faires, Robert (April 19, 2002). "Articulations". The Austin Chronicle. Retrieved June 10, 2016.
- "The Q&A: Eric Whitacre, composer (interview)". broadwayworld.com. June 24, 2011. Retrieved July 12, 2022.
- "Eric Whitacre Choral Works, Vol. 1: A Cappella Works, 1991-2001 [CD] - BYU Singers". BYU Music Store. Retrieved 2023-11-20.
- Quinn, John (March 2006). "Sleep by Eric Whitacre". musicweb-international.com. Retrieved July 12, 2022.
- Seymour, Claire (May 17, 2019). "Is there Genuine Substance Behind the 'Eric Whitacre Inc.' Phenomenon?". seenandheard-international.com. Retrieved July 12, 2022.
- Milne, Christopher John (2017). "Recreation and Redefinition: An examination of the transcription and evolution of a cappella choral works transcribed for Wind Band" (PDF). api.research-repository.uwa.edu.au (Thesis). Retrieved June 10, 2016.
- Pease, Andy (November 24, 2010). "Sleep by Eric Whitacre". windliterature.org. Retrieved June 10, 2016.
External links
- Official website
- Debbie Simons: The Story of Eric Whitacre’s “Sleep” debisimons.com 18 February 2017
- Voces8: Sleep by Eric Whitacre (2019) on YouTube
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