| Solanum oligacanthum | |
|---|---|
| |
| Shrubs full extent | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Solanales |
| Family: | Solanaceae |
| Genus: | Solanum |
| Species: | S. oligacanthum |
| Binomial name | |
| Solanum oligacanthum F. Muell. | |
| |
| Distribution within Australia based off data provided from Atlas of Living Australia | |
Solanum oligacanthum is a species of herbaceous perennial herb or subshrub which is spread throughout central east Australia (South-West Queensland, North-West New South Wales, and North-East South Australia). This species is often found in seasonally flooded creek channels, flats and lagoons, and commonly referred to as desert nightshade.
Description
Solanum oligacanthum is an erect, colonial, herbacious perennial species. It grows up to 1 m (3 ft 3 in) in heaight. This species is of pale grey-green colour, resulting from densely pubescent stellate hairs up to 16 mm (0.63 in) long.
Its leaves are broadly ovate, 7–20 mm (0.28–0.79 in) wide and long, with the apex obtuse and rounded, and the base obtuse to cordate.
The corollas is purple and rotate (20–25 mm (0.79–0.98 in) diameter), containing the yellow anthers arranged in the centre forming a cone-like structure.
Its seeds are 4–5 mm (0.16–0.20 in) long, black or dark-brownish in colour.
Ecology
Solanum oligacanthum grows in arid shrub lands within Australia. New growth occurs in spring, and most top growth dies down over winter leaving dead stubble.
This species, like most Solanum, pollinates through a process known as buzz pollination.
It is classified as a weed within some parts of South Australia.
Distribution and conservation status
Desert nightshade is distributed predominately within central eastern Australia, spread between South-West Queensland, North-West New South Wales, and North-East South Australia, with some being found on the Eastern Coast of South Australia as well. There is no conservation status listed for Solanum oligacanthum so it is assumed this species conservation is of low-concern.
Gallery
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Close up of multiple flowers
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Close up of a single flower, and visible cone-like anther
References
- "Solanum oligacanthum F.Muell". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 2024-06-21.
- "Search: species: Solanum oligacanthum | Occurrence records | Atlas of Living Australia". biocache.ala.org.au. Retrieved 2024-06-17.
- ^ Alexander, George (1982). "Solanaceae" (PDF). Floral of Australia. 29.
- "Species: Solanum oligacanthum (Desert Nightshade)".
- ^ Walsh, Nevlille (February 10, 2021). "Flora of Victoria". VicFlora.
- ^ Vallejo-Marín, Mario; Pereira Nunes, Carlos Eduardo; Russell, Avery Leigh (1 May 2022). "Anther cones increase pollen release in buzz-pollinated Solanum flowers". Evolution. 76 (5): 931–945. doi:10.1111/evo.14485. ISSN 0014-3820. PMC 9313847. PMID 35324004.
- Faegri, Knut (January 1986). "The solanoid flower". Transactions of the Botanical Society of Edinburgh. 45 (sup1): 51–59. doi:10.1080/03746608608684993. ISSN 0374-6607.
- "Conservation Management Zones of Australia: Arid Shrublands and Desert".
- "Species Profile and Threats Database". Australian Government – Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment, and Water.