Sortase A - Misplaced Pages

Sortase A (EC 3.4.22.70, SrtA, SrtA protein, SrtA sortase) is an enzyme. This enzyme catalyses a cell wall sorting reaction, in which a surface protein with a sorting signal containing a LPXTG motif, is cleaved between the Thr and Gly residue.

This enzyme belongs to the peptidase family C60.

Structure

Sortase A has an eight stranded β-barrel fold with a hydrophobic cleft formed by β7-β8 strands. This cleft is surrounded by β3-β4, β2-β3, β6-β7, and β7-β8 loops. The catalytic cysteine residue is found in this cleft and accepts subsequent binding of a nucleophilic agent. The β3-β4 loop contains a calcium binding site which binds calcium via coordination to a residue in the β6-β7 loop. Such binding slows down the motion of the β6-β7 loop, allowing the substrate of Sortase to bind and increase its activity eightfold.

Use in protein engineering

Sortase A has been widely used as an in vitro tool to post-translationally modify proteins at the N- and C-termini with an appended label. These labels include biotin, fluorophores, crosslinkers, and multifunctional probes.

In both cases, one molecule is engineered to contain a LPXTG motif at one end and another molecule is engineered to contain a (Gly)n motif at another end. Upon cleavage of the LPXTG motif, Sortase forms a thioester intermediate with the engineered molecule. This intermediate is then resolved by nucleophilic attack by the (Gly)n containing molecule to form a fusion between the two molecules with an intervening LPXT(Gly)n motif.

To achieve N-terminal labeling of a protein, the LPXTG motif is engineered to be at the C-terminus of the label. The protein is engineered to have an N-terminal (Gly)n. To achieve C-terminal labeling of the same protein, the LPXTG motif is engineered to be at the C-terminus of the protein. A (Gly)n molecule is engineered to contain the label at its C-terminus.

Finally, both N and C-termini of proteins can be labeled by using Sortases of different substrate specificity. For example, Sortase A from streptococcus pyogenes, recognizes and cleaves the LPXTA motif and accepts Ala-based nucleophiles. This SrtA also recognizes and cleaves the LPXTG motif with reduced efficiency. However, Staph. A. Sortase A does not recognize LPXTA substrates and thus are orthogonal to the LPXTA sequence.

In addition, Sortase A has also been used to piecewise create proteins, protein domains, and peptides.

References

Ton-That H, Liu G, Mazmanian SK, Faull KF, Schneewind O (October 1999). "Purification and characterization of sortase, the transpeptidase that cleaves surface proteins of Staphylococcus aureus at the LPXTG motif". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 96 (22): 12424–9. Bibcode:1999PNAS...9612424T. doi:10.1073/pnas.96.22.12424. PMC 22937. PMID 10535938.
Zong Y, Bice TW, Ton-That H, Schneewind O, Narayana SV (July 2004). "Crystal structures of Staphylococcus aureus sortase A and its substrate complex". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 279 (30): 31383–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.m401374200. PMID 15117963.
Race PR, Bentley ML, Melvin JA, Crow A, Hughes RK, Smith WD, Sessions RB, Kehoe MA, McCafferty DG, Banfield MJ (March 2009). "Crystal structure of Streptococcus pyogenes sortase A: implications for sortase mechanism". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 284 (11): 6924–33. doi:10.1074/jbc.m805406200. PMC 2652338. PMID 19129180.
Suree N, Liew CK, Villareal VA, Thieu W, Fadeev EA, Clemens JJ, Jung ME, Clubb RT (September 2009). "The structure of the Staphylococcus aureus sortase-substrate complex reveals how the universally conserved LPXTG sorting signal is recognized". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 284 (36): 24465–77. doi:10.1074/jbc.M109.022624. PMC 2782039. PMID 19592495.
Popp MW, Antos JM, Ploegh HL (April 2009). "Site-specific protein labeling via sortase-mediated transpeptidation". Current Protocols in Protein Science. Chapter 15: 15.3.1–15.3.9. doi:10.1002/0471140864.ps1503s56. PMC 5551486. PMID 19365788.
Popp MW, Ploegh HL (May 2011). "Making and breaking peptide bonds: protein engineering using sortase". Angewandte Chemie. 50 (22): 5024–32. doi:10.1002/anie.201008267. PMID 21538739.

External links

Sortase+A at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

v t e Proteases: cysteine proteases (EC 3.4.22)
Caspase	Caspase 1 Caspase 2 Caspase 3 Caspase 4 Caspase 5 Caspase 6 Caspase 7 Caspase 8 Caspase 9 Caspase 10 Caspase 12 Caspase 13 Caspase 14
Fruit-derived	Papain Ficain Bromelain Actinidain
Calpain	CAPN1 CAPN2 CAPN3 CAPN5 CAPN6 CAPN7 CAPN8 CAPN9 CAPN10 CAPN11 CAPN12 CAPN13 CAPN14 CAPNS1 CAPNS2
Cathepsin	B C F H K L1/L2 O S W Z
Other	Clostripain Cancer procoagulant Separase Autophagin Cruzipain 3C-like protease Gingipain R Gingipain K

v t e Enzymes
Activity	Active site Binding site Catalytic triad Oxyanion hole Enzyme promiscuity Diffusion-limited enzyme Cofactor Enzyme catalysis
Regulation	Allosteric regulation Cooperativity Enzyme inhibitor Enzyme activator
Classification	EC number Enzyme superfamily Enzyme family List of enzymes
Kinetics	Enzyme kinetics Eadie–Hofstee diagram Hanes–Woolf plot Lineweaver–Burk plot Michaelis–Menten kinetics
Types	EC1 Oxidoreductases (list) EC2 Transferases (list) EC3 Hydrolases (list) EC4 Lyases (list) EC5 Isomerases (list) EC6 Ligases (list) EC7 Translocases (list)

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Biology

Category:

EC 3.4.22