| Southern Bavarian | |
|---|---|
| Südbairisch | |
| Native to | Austria (Tyrol, Carinthia, Upper Styria) Italy (South Tyrol) Germany (Werdenfelser Land) Switzerland (Samnaun) Brazil (Treze Tílias), United States, Canada |
| Language family | Indo-European
|
| Writing system | Latin (German alphabet) |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
| Glottolog | sout2632 South Bavarianglob1242 Global South Bavarian |
 Bavarian dialects after 1945 and the expulsions of the Germans
Southern Bavarian | |
Southern Bavarian or South Bavarian, is a cluster of Upper German dialects of the Bavarian group. They are primarily spoken in Tyrol (i.e. the Austrian federal state of Tyrol and the Italian province of South Tyrol), in Carinthia and in the western parts of Upper Styria. Before 1945 and the expulsions of the Germans, it was also spoken in speech islands in Italy and Yugoslavia. Due to the se Alpine regions, many features of the Old Bavarian language from the Middle High German period have been preserved. On the other hand, the Southern Bavarian dialect area is influenced by the Rhaeto-Romance languages, locally also Slovene and to a lesser extent Italian.
The speech area historically included the former linguistic enclaves in Carniola (present-day Slovenia) around Kočevje in the Gottschee region (Gottscheerish), Sorica (Zarz) and Nemški Rovt (Deutsch Ruth). The Cimbrian language still spoken in several language-islands in north-eastern Italy (Friuli, Veneto and Trentino) mostly counts as a separate Bavarian language variant. Southern Bavarian is also spoken in the Werdenfelser Land region around Mittenwald and Garmisch-Partenkirchen in German Upper Bavaria.
The Tyrolean Unterland, the Alpine regions of Salzburg (Pinzgau, Pongau and Lungau), as well as the adjacent parts of Styria and southern Burgenland form the dialect continuum with the Central Bavarian language area in the north.
Phonology
Vowels
Southern Bavarian has 8 vowels:
| Front | Back | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Unrounded | Unrounded | Rounded | |
| Close | i | ɯ | |
| Close-mid | e | ɤ | |
| Open-mid | ɛ | ʌ | |
| Open | a | ɒ | |
Consonants
Southern Bavarian has about 33 consonants:
| Bilabial | Labiodental | Alveolar | Postalveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | p | b̥ | t | d̥ | k | ɡ̊ | ||||||||
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | |||||||||||
| Fricative | β, β̬ | f | v̥ | s | z̥ | ʃ | ʒ̊ | ç | ʝ | x | ɣ̊ | h | ||
| Affricate | p͡f | b̥͡v̥ | t͡s | d̥͡z̥ | t͡ʃ | d̥͡ʒ̥ | ɡ̊͡ɣ̊ | |||||||
| Trill | r | |||||||||||||
| Approximant | l, lʲ | j | ||||||||||||
See also
References
- Ethnologue entry
- Kurt Gustav Goblirsch, Consonant Strength in Upper German Dialects, John Benjamins Publishing Company 2012 as NOWELE Supplement Series vol. 10 (originally Odense University Press 1994), p. 23