Misplaced Pages

Qi齊
479–502
Southern Qi and its neighbors. They were bordered by the Northern Wei to the north.
Capital	Jiankang
Government	Monarchy
Emperor
• 479–482	Emperor Gao
• 482–493	Emperor Wu
• 501–502	Emperor He
History
• Established	3 June 479
• Disestablished	24 April 502
Currency	Chinese coin, Chinese cash
Preceded by Succeeded by Liu Song dynasty Liang dynasty
Today part of	China Vietnam

Qi, known in historiography as the Southern Qi (simplified Chinese: 南齐; traditional Chinese: 南齊; pinyin: Nán Qí or simplified Chinese: 南朝齐; traditional Chinese: 南朝齊; pinyin: Nán Cháo Qí) or Xiao Qi (simplified Chinese: 萧齐; traditional Chinese: 蕭齊; pinyin: Xiāo Qí), was a Chinese imperial dynasty and the second of the four Southern dynasties during the Northern and Southern dynasties era. It followed the Liu Song dynasty and was succeeded by the Liang dynasty. The main polity to its north was the Northern Wei.

History

The dynasty began in 479, when Xiao Daocheng forced the Emperor Shun of Liu Song (宋顺帝) into yielding the throne to him, ending Liu Song and starting Southern Qi, as its Emperor Gao. The dynasty's name was taken from Xiao's fief, which roughly occupied the same territory as the Warring States era Kingdom of Qi. The Book of the Qi does not mention whether or not Xiao had any blood relationship to either the House of Jiang or House of Tian, the two dynasties which had previously ruled that kingdom.

During its 23-year history, the dynasty was largely filled with instability, as after the death of the capable Emperor Gao and Emperor Wu, Emperor Wu's grandson Xiao Zhaoye (萧昭业) was assassinated by Emperor Wu's intelligent but cruel and suspicious cousin Xiao Luan (萧鸾), who took over as Emperor Ming, and proceeded to carry out massive executions of Emperor Gao's and Emperor Wu's sons, as well as officials whom he suspected of plotting against him.

The arbitrariness of these executions was exacerbated after Emperor Ming was succeeded by his son Xiao Baojuan, whose actions drew multiple rebellions, the last of which, by the general Xiao Yan (萧衍) led to Southern Qi's fall and succession by Xiao Yan's Liang Dynasty.

More than fifty percent of Tuoba Xianbei princesses of the Northern Wei were married to southern Han Chinese men from the imperial families and aristocrats from southern China of the Southern dynasties who defected and moved north to join the Northern Wei. Tuoba Xianbei Princess Nanyang (南阳长公主) was married to Xiao Baoyin (萧宝夤), a Han Chinese member of Southern Qi royalty. Xianbei Tuoba Emperor Xiaozhuang of Northern Wei's sister the Shouyang Princess was wedded to the Han Chinese Liang dynasty ruler Emperor Wu of Liang's son Xiao Zong 蕭綜.

War with Northern Wei

In 479, after Xiao Daocheng usurped the throne of Liu Song, the Northern Wei emperor prepared to invade under the pretext of installing Liu Chang, son of Emperor Wen of Liu Song who had been in exile in Wei since 465 AD. Wei troops began to attack Shouyang but could not take the city. The Southern Qi began to fortify their capital, Jiankang, in order to prevent further Wei raids. Multiple sieges and skirmishes were fought until 481 but the war did not witness any major campaign. A peace treaty was signed in 490 with the Emperor Wu.

Sovereigns of Southern Qi Dynasty (479–502)

Part of a series on the
History of China
Timeline Dynasties Historiography
Prehistoric Paleolithic Neolithic (c. 8500 – c. 2000 BCE) Yellow, Yangtze, and Liao civilization
Ancient Xia (c. 2070 – c. 1600 BCE) Shang (c. 1600 – c. 1046 BCE) Late Shang (c. 1250 – c. 1046 BCE) Zhou (c. 1046 – c. 256 BCE) Western Zhou (1046–771 BCE) Eastern Zhou (771–256 BCE) Spring and Autumn (c. 770 – c. 476 BCE) Warring States (475–221 BCE)
Imperial Qin (221–207 BCE) Han (206 BCE – 220 CE) Chu–Han Contention (206–202 BCE) Western Han (202 BCE – 9 CE) Xin (9–23 CE) Eastern Han (25–220 CE) Three Kingdoms (220–280 CE) Wei, Shu, and Wu Jin (266–420)     Western Jin (266–316) Eastern Jin (317–420) Sixteen Kingdoms (304–439) Northern and Southern dynasties (420–589) Sui (581–618) Tang (618–907) Wu Zhou (690–705)     Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms (907–979) Song (960–1279) Northern Song (960–1127) Southern Song (1127–1279) Liao (916–1125) Western Xia (1038–1227) Jin (1115–1234) Yuan (1271–1368) Ming (1368–1644) Qing (1644–1912)
Modern Republic of China (mainland, 1912–1949)     People's Republic of China (1949–present) Republic of China (Taiwan, 1949–present)
Related articles Art history Economic history Education history Legal history LGBT history Media history Music history Timeline Military history Naval history History of religion in China Christianity Judaism Islam Science and technology history Archaeology Cartography Discoveries Inventions Transport history Women's history
v t e

Sovereigns' family tree

Notes

1. Emperor Ming's son Xiao Baoyin, who was then a Northern Wei general, rebelled against Northern Wei and claimed imperial title in 527–528, but is not listed because his claim of imperial title was temporary, long after Emperor He's reign, and also did not include any territory that was previously Southern Qi territory.

References

Citations

1. Book of Southern Qi, vol. 1.
2. Zizhi Tongjian, vol. 145.
3. "汉典：萧齐".
4. Book of the Southern Qi 南齊書, chapter 1
5. 川本『中国の歴史、中華の崩壊と拡大、魏晋南北朝』、P150
6. 川本『中国の歴史、中華の崩壊と拡大、魏晋南北朝』、P152
7. 川本『中国の歴史、中華の崩壊と拡大、魏晋南北朝』、P153
8. "Late 5th to early 6th century" in Valenstein, Suzanne G. (2007). Cultural Convergence in the Northern Qi Period: A Flamboyant Chinese Ceramic Container : a Research Monograph. Metropolitan Museum of Art. p. 42. ISBN 978-1-58839-211-4.
9. Juliano, Annette L. (1980). "Teng-Hsien: An Important Six Dynasties Tomb" (PDF). Artibus Asiae. Supplementum. 37: III–83. doi:10.2307/1522695. ISSN 1423-0526. JSTOR 1522695.
10. Tang, Qiaomei (May 2016). Divorce and the Divorced Woman in Early Medieval China (First through Sixth Century) (PDF) (A dissertation presented by Qiaomei Tang to The Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the subject of East Asian Languages and Civilizations). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University. pp. 151, 152, 153.
11. China: Dawn of a Golden Age, 200–750 AD. Metropolitan Museum of Art. 2004. pp. 30–. ISBN 978-1-58839-126-1. Xiao Baoyin.
12. Ancient and Early Medieval Chinese Literature (vol.3 & 4): A Reference Guide, Part Three & Four. BRILL. 22 September 2014. pp. 1566–. ISBN 978-90-04-27185-2.

Sources

• Book of Southern Qi
• History of Southern Dynasties
• Zizhi Tongjian

See also

• Southern and Northern Dynasty
• Chinese sovereign
• Yongming poetry
• List of Bronze Age States
• List of Classical Age States
• List of Iron Age States
• List of pre-modern great powers

• Southern Qi
• Northern and Southern dynasties
• Dynasties of China
• Former countries in Chinese history
• 479 establishments
• 5th-century establishments in China
• 502 disestablishments
• 6th-century disestablishments in China