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Soyuz‑2.1v

Launch of an Soyuz‑2.1v carrying Kosmos 2525 military satellite on 28 March 2018.
Function	Small-lift launch vehicle
Manufacturer	RKTs Progress
Country of origin	Russia
Size
Height	44 m (144 ft)
Diameter	3 m (9.8 ft)
Mass	158,000 kg (348,000 lb)
Stages	2
Capacity
Payload to LEO
Altitude	200 km (120 mi)
Orbital inclination	51.8°
Mass	2,850 kg (6,280 lb)
Payload to LEO
Altitude	200 km (120 mi)
Orbital inclination	62.8°
Mass	2,800 kg (6,200 lb)
Associated rockets
Family	R-7 (Soyuz)
Based on	Soyuz-2
Comparable	Long March 2C PSLV
Launch history
Status	Active
Launch sites	Plesetsk, Site 43
Total launches	12
Success(es)	11
Partial failure(s)	1
First flight	28 December 2013
Last flight	9 February 2024
First stage
Height	27.77 m (91.1 ft)
Diameter	2.95 m (9 ft 8 in)
Empty mass	11,000 kg (24,000 lb)
Gross mass	129,000 kg (284,000 lb)
Powered by	1 × NK-33A 1 × RD-0110R
Maximum thrust	NK-33A SL: 1,515 kN (341,000 lbf) NK-33A vac: 1,687 kN (379,000 lbf) RD-0110R SL: 230.5 kN (51,800 lbf) RD-0110R vac: 265 kN (60,000 lbf)
Specific impulse	NK-33A SL: 297 s (2.91 km/s) NK-33A vac: 331 s (3.25 km/s) RD-0110R SL: 259.4 s (2.544 km/s) RD-0110R vac: 298.4 s (2.926 km/s)
Burn time	225 seconds
Propellant	LOX / RP-1
Second stage – Block I
Height	7.95 m (26.1 ft)
Diameter	3 m (9.8 ft)
Empty mass	2,380 kg (5,250 lb)
Gross mass	25,380 kg (55,950 lb)
Powered by	1 × RD-0124
Maximum thrust	294 kN (66,000 lbf)
Specific impulse	359 s (3.52 km/s)
Burn time	275 seconds
Propellant	LOX / RP-1
Third stage (optional) – Volga
Height	1.025 m (3 ft 4.4 in)
Diameter	3.2 m (10 ft)
Empty mass	840 kg (1,850 lb)
Propellant mass	300–900 kg (660–1,980 lb)
Powered by	1 × 17D64
Maximum thrust	2.94 kN (660 lbf)
Specific impulse	307 s (3.01 km/s)
Burn time	410 seconds
Propellant	N2O4 / UDMH
[edit on Wikidata]

The Soyuz‑2.1v (Russian: Союз‑2.1в, lit. 'Union‑2.1c', GRAU index: 14A15) known early in development as the Soyuz‑1, is a expendable Russian small-lift launch vehicle. It is derivative of the Soyuz‑2 but utilizing a single core stage (no boosters) built around the powerful NK-33 engine, 50-year-old refurbished remnants from the Soviet N1 moon rocket. It is a member of the R-7 family of rockets built by RKTs Progress in Samara. Launches have been conducted from the Plesetsk Cosmodrome in northwest Russia, and are expected to be conducted in the future from the Vostochny Cosmodrome in eastern Russia, and the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan.

Vehicle

The Soyuz‑2.1v represents a major departure from earlier Soyuz rockets. Unlike the Soyuz‑2 upon which it is based, it does away with the four boosters used on all other R-7 vehicles. The single first stage core stage is built around the powerful single-chamber NK-33 engine replacing the four-chamber RD-108 along with structural modifications. Since the NK-33 is fixed, the stage is also equipped with complex engine RD-0110R, built of four vernier engines (with four chambers and four nozzles) for thrust vector control. The RD-0110R engines add 230.5 kN (51,800 lb_f) thrust and heats the pressurization gases.

The NK-33 engines were built in the 1970s for the cancelled Soviet N1 Moon rocket. These surplus engines offer increased performance over the RD-108; however, only a limited number of engines are available. Once the supply is exhausted, the NK-33 will be replaced by the RD-193. In April 2013, it was announced that the RD-193 engine had completed testing. The RD-193 is a lighter and shorter engine based on the Angara's RD-191, which is itself a derivative of the Zenit's RD-170.

The second stage of the Soyuz‑2.1v is the same as the third stage of the Soyuz‑2.1b; powered by an RD-0124 engine. Most missions will use a Volga upper stage to transfer the payload from an initial parking orbit to its final destination. The Volga is derived from the propulsion system of the Yantar reconnaissance satellite, and was developed as a lighter and cheaper alternative to the Fregat that is used on many Soyuz‑2 missions.

The Soyuz‑2.1v was designed to serve lighter payloads with a payload capacity of 2,850 kg (6,280 lb) to a 200 km (120 mi) circular low Earth orbit with an inclination of 51.8° from Baikonur, and 2,800 kg (6,200 lb) to a 200 kilometre orbit at 62.8° from Plesetsk.

List of launches

See also

• List of R-7 launches

Notes

1. The letter в (vee) is transliterated as "v," but it is also the third letter of the Cyrillic alphabet. Since this rocket is the third in the Soyuz-2 family, a more literal English translation is "c," the third letter of the Latin alphabet.

References

1. "Volga upper stage". russianspaceweb.com. Retrieved 10 March 2016.
2. "Soyuz‑2-1 launches maiden mission from Vostochny". nasaspaceflight.com. 27 April 2016. Retrieved 1 May 2016.
3. "Rus/Souyz-2 launch vehicle" (in Russian). Plesetsk Cosmodrome. Retrieved 30 December 2013.
4. Peslyak, Alexander (24 July 2013). "Vostochny Cosmodrome clears the way to deep space". rbth.co.uk. Russia Beyond The Headlines. Retrieved 30 December 2013.
5. ^ ""Soyuz-1" middle class launch vehicle". Samara Space Centre. Archived from the original on 19 April 2009. Retrieved 11 April 2009.
6. "Steering engine RD0110R (14D24) Carrier rocket "Soyuz-2.1v"" (in Russian). KBKhA. Retrieved 1 June 2015.
7. "New engine for light rocket "Soyuz" prepare for mass production at the end of the year" (in Russian). Новости космонавтики. Retrieved 8 April 2013.
8. Zak, Anatoly. "Origin of the Soyuz-1 project". RussianSpaceWeb. Retrieved 30 December 2013.
9. "Soyuz -2.1 B". 10 November 2014.
10. "Ракета «Союз-2.1в» с секретными военными спутниками стартовала с космодрома Плесецк". 21 October 2022.

External links

• Official website

v t e R-7 rockets
Missiles	R-7 Semyorka R-7A Semyorka
Launch systems	Sputnik Polyot Voskhod Vostok Luna Vostok-L Vostok-K Vostok-2 Vostok-2M Molniya Molniya Molniya-M Soyuz Soyuz/Vostok Soyuz Soyuz-L Soyuz-M Soyuz-U U2 Soyuz-FG Soyuz 2 Soyuz 2.1a / 2.1b ST-A / ST-B Soyuz 2.1v
Launch sites	Baikonur Site 1/5 Site 31/6 Plesetsk Site 41/1 Site 16/2 Site 43/3 Site 43/4 Vostochny Site 1S Guiana ELS
Launches	1957–1959 1960–1964 1965–1969 1970–1974 1975–1979 1980–1984 1985–1989 1990–1994 1995–1999 2000–2004 2005–2009 2010–2014 2015–2019 2020–2024
Engines	RD-107/108 RD-0110 RD-0124
See also	Korolyov Cross Soyuz at the Guiana Space Centre

• R-7 (rocket family)
• Space launch vehicles of Russia
• 2013 in spaceflight
• Vehicles introduced in 2013