Misplaced Pages

National Development and Reform Commission of the People's Republic of China

中华人民共和国国家发展和改革委员会 Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó Guójiā Fāzhǎn hé Gǎigé Wěiyuánhuì
Agency overview
Formed	November 1952; 72 years ago (1952-11)
Preceding agencies	State Planning Commission (1952–1998) State Development Planning Commission (1998–2003)
Type	Constituent Department of the State Council (cabinet-level)
Jurisdiction	Government of China
Headquarters	38 Yuetan South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing
Minister responsible	Zheng Shanjie, Chairperson
Parent agency	State Council
Child agency	China Center for International Economic Exchanges
Website	en.ndrc.gov.cn

Politics of China
Leadership Leadership generations Succession of power Hu–Wen Administration (2002–2012) Xi–Li Administration (2012–2017) Xi Administration (since 2017) 4th Leadership Core: Xi Jinping 20th Party Politburo: Xi Jinping 14th State Council: Li Qiang Current state leaders Current provincial leaders Party and state leaders Orders of precedence Paramount leader: Xi Jinping First lady: Peng Liyuan Communist Party leader: Xi Jinping State representative: Xi Jinping Head of government: Li Qiang Congress Chairman: Zhao Leji Conference Chairman: Wang Huning Commander-in-chief: Xi Jinping Politburo Standing Committee longest-serving members Related systems Unified power Democratic centralism Collective leadership Organization Department Elections Civil service
Constitution Law Constitution Previous constitutions 1954 1975 1978 "People's democratic dictatorship" (Article 1) Democratic centralism (Article 3) Constitutional oath of office (Article 27) Protection of human rights (Article 33) Freedom of religion (Article 36) Highest state organ of power (Article 57) Chinese legal system Civil law tradition Socialist law tradition Laws Legislation Law List of statutes General Principles of the Civil Law (to 2020) Civil Code (From 2021) Marriage Law Labour law Labour Law Labour Contract Law Property law Property Law Intellectual property law Patent law Administrative law Administrative Procedure Law Criminal law Capital punishment Capital offences Death sentence with reprieve
Communist Party History Principal leaders Constitution & ideology Admission Oath (Article 6) Socialism with Chinese characteristics Communism Marxism–Leninism Mao Zedong Thought Deng Xiaoping Theory Primary stage of socialism Four Cardinal Principles Three Represents Scientific Outlook on Development Harmonious Socialist Society Xi Jinping Thought Chinese Dream Four Comprehensives Two Establishes and Two Safeguards Democracy Organization National Party Congress (20th) Central Committee (20th) General Secretary (list) Xi Jinping Central Politburo (20th) Standing Committee (20th) Central Secretariat (20th) Central Military Commission Chairman: Xi Jinping Vice Chairmen: Zhang Youxia, He Weidong National Security Commission Chairman: Xi Jinping Vice-Chairman: Li Qiang, Zhao Leji, Cai Qi Office Chief: Cai Qi Comprehensively Deepening Reforms Commission Director: Xi Jinping Deputy Directors: Li Qiang, Wang Huning, Cai Qi Secretary-General: Wang Huning Financial & Economic Affairs Commission Director: Xi Jinping Deputy Director: Li Qiang Office Chief: He Lifeng General Office Director: Cai Qi Office of the General Secretary Chief: Cai Qi Central Guard Bureau Central Guard Unit Office of the Central Secrecy Commission Organization Department Head: Li Ganjie Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (20th) Standing Committee (20th) Secretary: Li Xi Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Central Military Commission Secretary: Zhang Shengmin Central Leading Group for Inspection Work Leader: Li Xi Provincial committee Standing committee Secretary Deputy secretaries Party group
National People's Congress (14th) Elections Standing Committee (14th) Council of Chairpersons Chairman: Zhao Leji Vice-Chairpersons Top-ranked: Li Hongzhong Secretary-General: Liu Qi Special Committees Ethnic Affairs Constitution and Law Supervisory and Judicial Affairs Financial and Economic Affairs Education, Science, Culture and Public Health Foreign Affairs Overseas Chinese Affairs Environmental Protection and Resources Conservation Agriculture and Rural Affairs Social Development Affairs Presidium State representative President (list): Xi Jinping Presidential Office Chief: Cai Qi Vice President: Han Zheng Executive organ State Council (Central People's Government) Li Qiang Cabinet Premier (list): Li Qiang Vice-Premiers (list) Ding Xuexiang He Lifeng Zhang Guoqing Liu Guozhong State Councilors Wang Xiaohong Wu Zhenglong Shen Yiqin Secretary-General: Wu Zhenglong Cabinet-level departments National Development & Reform Commission Central bank National Audit Office General Office Secretary-General Deputy Secretaries-General State-owned Assets Supervision & Administration Commission most Central Enterprises Military organ Central Military Commission (CMC) Chairman (supreme commander): Xi Jinping Vice Chairmen: Zhang Youxia He Weidong Members: Liu Zhenli Miao Hua Zhang Shengmin Departments: General Office Director: Zhong Shaojun Joint Staff Dept. Chief: Liu Zhenli Political Work Dept. Director: Miao Hua Logistic Support Dept. Director: Zhang Lin Equipment Development Dept. Director: Xu Xueqiang Training and Administration Dept. Director: Wang Peng National Defense Mobilization Dept. Director: Liu Faqing Discipline Inspection Commission Secretary: Zhang Shengmin Politics and Legal Affairs Commission Science and Technology Commission Strategic Planning Office Reform & Organizational Structure Office Int'l Military Cooperation Office Audit Office Offices Administration Agency National armed forces: People's Liberation Army Theater commands People's Armed Police China Coast Guard Militia State Council National Defense Mobilization Commission Chairman: Li Qiang Ministry of National Defense Minister: Dong Jun Ministry of Veterans Affairs State Administration for Sci., Tech. & Industry for National Defense Military history Armed conflicts Military modernization Military reform since 2015 CMC Leading Group for Military Reform Leader: Xi Jinping Supervisory organ National Supervisory Commission Director: Liu Jinguo Corruption in China Anti-corruption campaign since 2012 Independent Commission Against Corruption (Hong Kong) Commission Against Corruption (Macau) Judicial organs Supreme People's Court President: Zhang Jun People's Courts Judicial Police Supreme People's Procuratorate Procurator-General: Ying Yong People's Procuratorates Judicial Police Judiciary of Hong Kong Court of Final Appeal Department of Justice Prosecutions Division Law enforcement in Hong Kong Disciplined Services Security Bureau Hong Kong Police Force Judiciary of Macau Court of Final Appeal Public Prosecutions Office Secretariat for Security Macau Security Force Unitary Police Services [zh] Public Security Police Judiciary Police [zh]
United front Political Consultative Conference National Committee Chairman: Wang Huning Vice-Chairpersons Top-ranked: Shi Taifeng Secretary-General: Wang Dongfeng Political parties: CCP (ruling) United Front Work Department Head: Shi Taifeng RCCK CDL CNDCA CAPD CPWDP CZGP JS TDSL Historical parties: KMT CDSP YCP Federation of Industry and Commerce People's organizations
Law enforcement CCP Central Politics and Law Commission Secretary: Chen Wenqing Ministry of Public Security Minister: Wang Xiaohong Public Security Organs People's Police State Immigration Administration Local public security bureaus Ministry of State Security Minister: Chen Yixin State Security Organs People's Police Ministry of Justice Minister: He Rong Judicial Administrative Organs People's Police Bureau of Prison Administration [zh] Office for Safeguarding National Security Urban Management (chengguan)
Propaganda Central Leading Group for Propaganda, Ideology and Culture Leader: Cai Qi Deputy Leaders: Li Shulei, Shen Yiqin Central Guidance Commission on Building Spiritual Civilization Director: Cai Qi Deputy Director: Li Shulei Publicity Department of the Chinese Communist Party Head: Li Shulei General Administration of Press and Publication China Film Administration State Council Information Office China Daily Ministry of Culture and Tourism National Radio and Television Administration China Media Group China Central Television China Global Television Network China National Radio China Radio International Xinhua News Agency Reference News China News Service People's Daily Global Times China Today Censorship in China Radio jamming Overseas censorship of Chinese issues Media of China Internal media Publishing industry in China Internet in China Internet censorship Great Firewall Great Cannon Central Cyberspace Affairs Commission Director: Cai Qi Cyberspace Administration of China Director: Zhuang Rongwen
Hong Kong Macau Central Leading Group on Hong Kong and Macau Affairs Leader: Ding Xuexiang HK & Macau Affairs Office Director: Xia Baolong Hong Kong Liaison Office Macau Liaison Office One country, two systems Special administrative regions Hong Kong Basic Law Chief Executive: John Lee Ka-chiu Hong Kong SAR Government Politics of Hong Kong Pro-Beijing camp Pro-democracy camp Independence movement Mainland & HK CEPA Macao Basic Law Chief Executive: Ho Iat-seng Macau SAR Government Politics of Macau Mainland & Macau CEPA
Cross-Strait relations Cross-Strait relations Chinese Civil War One China Political status of Taiwan Republic of China on Taiwan Taiwan Area "Taiwan Province", PRC Taiwan independence movement Anti-Secession Law Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement Cross-Strait Service Trade Agreement Chinese unification Central Leading Group for Taiwan Affairs Leader: Xi Jinping Deputy Leader: Wang Huning Taiwan Affairs Office Director: Song Tao Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits
Foreign relations Central Foreign Affairs Commission Director: Xi Jinping Deputy Director: Li Qiang Secretary-General: Wang Yi Ministry of Foreign Affairs Minister: Wang Yi Spokespersons Diplomatic missions Diplomatic missions of China / in China Foreign aid from China / to China International Development Cooperation Agency Ministry of Commerce Exim Bank of China China Development Bank Belt and Road Initiative Silk Road Fund Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank BRICS New Development Bank Ministry of National Defense International Military Cooperation Office NPC Foreign Affairs Committee CCP International Department State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs Overseas Chinese Affairs Office Chinese nationality law Chinese passports (Hong Kong; Macau) Visa requirements for Chinese citizens (Hong Kong, Macau) Visa policy of China (Hong Kong; Macau) National Immigration Administration Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence Panda diplomacy Beijing Consensus Community of Common Destiny China and the United Nations China and the World Trade Organization Shanghai Cooperation Organisation China–Africa relations China–Arab relations China–Caribbean relations China–European Union relations China–Latin America relations China–Pacific relations China–Russia relations China–United States relations
Related topics Administrative divisions Hukou system Family planning Ethnic minorities
China portal Other countries
v t e

The National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) is the third-ranked executive department of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, which functions as a macroeconomic management agency. Established as the State Planning Commission, the NDRC has broad administrative and planning control over the economy of mainland China, and has a reputation of being the "mini-state council".

History

The body was first established in November 1952 as the State Planning Commission of the Central People's Government. In 1954, it was transformed to the State Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China. The NDRC's functions are to study and formulate policies for economic and social development, maintain the balance of economic development, and to guide restructuring of the economic system of mainland China.

In March 1998, the commission was renamed into the State Development Planning Commission. It was renamed again in March 2003 to its current name, the National Development and Reform Commission.

In 2008, the NDRC issued a set of policies designed to further development the economies of central regions of China, consistent with the Hu-Wen administration's efforts to balance regional development.

In 2016, the NDRC and Alibaba Group signed an agreement to promote rural e-commerce development.

In 2017, the NDRC announced the creation of China's national carbon emissions trading system.

Prior to 2018, it was also responsible for enforcing China's antitrust law, but this function has been transferred to the State Administration for Market Regulation. In February 2015, the NDRC completed an investigation into Qualcomm, finding that violated the Anti-Monopoly Law by imposing unreasonable requirements for patent licensing. Qualcomm was fined the equivalent of US$975 million.

Also in 2018, the NDRC's climate policymaking functions were transferred to the newly created Ministry of Ecology and Environment.

On 19 December 2020, the NDRC published rules for reviewing foreign investment on national security grounds. The rules allow government agencies "to preview, deny and punish foreign investment activities in areas that are deemed as important to national security." In October 2021, the NDRC published rules restricting private capital in "news-gathering, editing, broadcasting, and distribution."

On 4 September 2023, the NDRC announced it established the Private Economy Development Bureau in order monitor the country's private economy, as well as establish regular communication with private businesses.

Functions

The NDRC is China's main macroeconomic control institution, as well as the top organization in the State Council in matters related to economic policymaking. It oversees the planning system in China, including producing the five-year plans of China. The NDRC has responsibilities over economic targets, price policies, market policies, supply-side structural reform, overseas investment, domestic investment policy, regional development strategies, industrial development strategies, major infrastructure projects, consumption policy, innovation-driven development, scientific and technological infrastructure, high-tech industries, social development, basic public services and social development. NDRC's responsibility for large infrastructure is intended to prevent the economy from becoming too hot or cold, as well as to address China's overcapacity in production for sectors like aluminum, iron, steel, and energy.

The NDRC works with other departments to formulate policies, including drafting laws and regulations. It monitors Chinese businesses' outbound foreign direct investment to ensure they do not invest in blacklisted projects. The NDRC must approve sensitive projects, including projects in countries that do not recognize the People's Republic of China, projects in countries experiencing civil war or other major domestic difficulties, or projects involving sensitive subject matter like cross-border water issues or weapons production.

The NDRC works with the National Health Commission to research demographic trends and formulate policies on population. It promotes sustainable development strategies. The NDRC is involved in the foreign aid process through coordinating aid to other countries for climate cooperation. The NDRC is also one of the main government agencies responsible for data collection for the Chinese Social Credit System. The NDRC's Social Development Division has a planning role in cultural industries including sports, tourism, and mass media.

The NDRC manages the General Offices several leading groups, including the National Defense Mobilization Commission, the State Council Leading Group for Western Development, and the State Council Leading Group for the Revitalization of Old Industrial Bases in Northeast China; all of these are led by the premier. It also hosts the General Offices of the State Council Leading Group for Promoting the Belt and Road Initiative, the Leading Group for Coordinated Development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region, the Leading Group for Promoting the Development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, the Leading Group for Promoting the Development of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, and the Leading Group for Promoting Comprehensive Deepening of Reform and Opening in Hainan; these are led by the first-ranking vice premier, with the NDRC chairman usually being the Office director.

List of ministers

This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

Officially, the candidate for the chairperson of the NDRC is nominated by the premier of the State Council, who is then approved by the National People's Congress or its Standing Committee and appointed by the president. The commission has been headed by Zheng Shanjie since March 2023.

Current leadership

Minister in charge of the National Development and Reform Commission

1. Zheng Shanjie

Vice-ministers

1. Mu Hong - Minister level, Deputy General Office chief of the Central Leading Group for Comprehensively Deepening Reforms
2. Zhang Yong - Minister level
3. Ning Jizhe - Minister level

Subordinates

This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (October 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

Sub-ministry-level national administrations administered by the NDRC

• National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration
• National Energy Administration [zh]
• National Data Administration

See also

• China Compulsory Certificate
• Gosplan
• Number 10 Policy Unit
• State Information Center of China

References

1. Woodall, Brian (May 29, 2014). "The Development of China's Developmental State: Environmental Challenges and Stages of Growth". China Research Center. Retrieved June 2, 2019.
2. ^ "中华人民共和国国家发展和改革委员会".
3. Ang, Yuen Yuen (2016). How China Escaped the Poverty Trap. Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-1-5017-0020-0. JSTOR 10.7591/j.ctt1zgwm1j.
4. Liu, Lizhi (2024). From Click to Boom: The Political Economy of E-Commerce in China. Princeton University Press. ISBN 9780691254104.
5. Ding, Iza (2020). "Pollution Emissions Trading in China". In Esarey, Ashley; Haddad, Mary Alice; Lewis, Joanna I.; Harrell, Stevan (eds.). Greening East Asia: The Rise of the Eco-Developmental State. Seattle: University of Washington Press. ISBN 978-0-295-74791-0. JSTOR j.ctv19rs1b2.
6. ^ Cheng, Wenting (2023). China in Global Governance of Intellectual Property: Implications for Global Distributive Justice. Palgrave Socio-Legal Studies series. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 124. ISBN 978-3-031-24369-1.
7. Lewis, Joanna I. (2023). Cooperating for the Climate: Learning from International Partnerships in China's Clean Energy Sector. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-262-54482-5.
8. "China issues national security rules on foreign investment". Reuters. December 19, 2020.
9. ^ "China Defends National Security Rules for Foreign Investment". Bloomberg News. December 19, 2020.
10. Hui, Mary (October 11, 2021). "China wants an even more dominant state monopoly on the media". Quartz. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
11. Huang, Raffaele (September 4, 2023). "China Creates Government Body to Support Private Sector". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved September 5, 2023.
12. ^ Li, David Daokui (2024). China's World View: Demystifying China to Prevent Global Conflict. New York, NY: W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0393292398.
13. ^ "Decoding Chinese Politics". Asia Society. Retrieved October 2, 2023.
14. ^ Zhang, Angela Huyue (2024). High Wire: How China Regulates Big Tech and Governs Its Economy. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780197682258.
15. ^ Chen, Muyang (2024). The Latecomer's Rise: Policy Banks and the Globalization of China's Development Finance. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press. ISBN 9781501775857. JSTOR 10.7591/jj.6230186.
16. Liang & al. (2018). "Constructing a Data-Driven Society: China's Social Credit System as a State Surveillance Infrastructure". Policy & Internet. 10 (4): 415–453. doi:10.1002/poi3.183. S2CID 149771597.
17. Lin, Chunfeng (2023). Red Tourism in China: Commodification of Propaganda. Routledge. ISBN 9781032139609.
18. "Constitution of the People's Republic of China". National People's Congress. Retrieved August 8, 2022.

External links

• Official site

v t e State Council of the People's Republic of China
Incumbent (14th): Li Qiang Cabinet
State Council	Members Executive meeting Premier Vice Premiers State Councilors Secretary-General Ministers in charge of ministries/commissions Auditor-General Departments Foreign Defense Development Education Science Industry and Information Tech Ethnic Public Security State Security Civil Justice Finance Human Resources and Social Security Natural Resources Ecology and Environment Housing Transport Water Agriculture Commerce Culture and Tourism Health Veterans Emergency People's Bank Audit Office
Agencies	General Office Secretary-General Deputy Secretaries-General Special State Assets Affiliated Customs Taxation Market Regulation Anti-Monopoly Standardization Cert. & Accred. Financial Regulation Securities Radio and TV Sport Complaints & Proposals Statistics Intellectual Property International Development Healthcare Security Counsellors Government Offices Press and Publication Religious Offices Research Hong Kong and Macao Overseas Chinese Taiwan Cyberspace Information Institutions Xinhua News Agency Development Research China Media Group Meteorology Academies Sciences Engineering Social Sciences Governance (a.k.a. ☭ Central Party School)
Bureaus	Food and Strategic Reserves Energy Data Defense Industry Tobacco Immigration Forestry and Grassland Railway Civil Aviation Post Cultural Heritage Traditional Medicine Disease Control Mine Safety Fire & Rescue Foreign Exchange Medical Products State Secrets National Archives (a.k.a. ☭ Central Archives) Civil Service Cryptography
State Council = Central People's Government (constitutionally since 1954) ☭ denotes name reserved by Communist Party agencies.

v t e Economy of China
Companies of China
History	History Reform Five-year plans Industrial Revolution Iron rice bowl Three-anti and Five-anti Campaigns Great Leap Forward Four Modernizations Socialist market economy Deng Xiaoping's southern tour "Grasping the large, letting go of the small" Scientific Outlook on Development Historical GDP Population history 1949–1976 wage reform
Industries	Industry history Advanced materials Aquaculture Automotive Aviation Aircraft Aerospace Beer Biotechnology Business process outsourcing Cement Coffee Container Cotton Electric motor Electric power Electronics Film Fishing Gambling Hedge fund Internet Media Mining gold mining Mobile phone Online gaming Pearl farming Pharmaceuticals and pharmacy Publishing and academic publishing Radio Railway equipment industry Rare earth Real estate Renewable energy Securities Sex toys Shipping Silk Software Steel Telecommunications Television digital Tourism Textiles Video gaming Wine
Development Zones	Dalian Software Park Megalopolises in China Special Economic Zones Suzhou Industrial Park Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park
Energy	Energy policy Coal Oil Oil shale Oil refineries Nuclear Renewable Wind Solar Geothermal
Trade and infrastructure	Trade history World Trade Center Transport Communications Postal history Tourism Shipping Illegal drug trade Hong Kong Trade Development Council Ports Water supply and sanitation Exports Trading partners
Law and regulations	Tax system Labor contract law Labor relations Food safety Intellectual property
Finance and banking	Accounting Banking History Central bank Other banks Beijing Financial Street Financial system China Banknote Printing and Minting Corporation China Chengtong Holdings Group China Government Guidance Fund China-Africa Development Fund China Integrated Circuit Industry Investment Fund China Internet Investment Fund China Reform Holdings Corporation National Fund for Technology Transfer and Commercialisation China Investment Corporation CITIC Group Financial services Renminbi Foreign exchange reserve Hedge fund industry Stock Exchanges Dalian Commodity Exchange National Equities Exchange and Quotations Beijing Stock Exchange Shanghai Stock Exchange SSE Composite Index Shanghai Metal Exchange Stock Exchange Executive Council Shenzhen Stock Exchange SZSE Component Index Zhengzhou Commodity Exchange
Government institutions	All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce All-China Federation of Trade Unions China Council for the Promotion of International Trade China Securities Regulatory Commission General Administration of Customs Ministry of Commerce Ministry of Finance Ministry of Industry and Information Technology National Financial Regulatory Administration National Bureau of Statistics of China National Development and Reform Commission National Energy Commission State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission State Administration for Market Regulation State Administration of Foreign Exchange State Administration of Taxation
Development	International rankings Social welfare Poverty Corruption Income inequality Standard of living Foreign aid Urbanization Internal migration Emigration Rural credit cooperative
National economic initiatives	Beijing Consensus Belt and Road Initiative Common prosperity Dual circulation Go Out policy Made in China 2025 Youth Business China
Regional economic initiatives	Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank Beibu Gulf Economic Rim Bohai Economic Rim China Western Development Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macau Greater Bay Area Mainland and Hong Kong Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement Mainland and Macau Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement Northeast China Revitalization Pearl River Delta Economic Zone Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Rise of Central China Plan Western Taiwan Straits Economic Zone Yangtze River Delta Economic Zone Zhongyuan Economic Zone
Events	2005–2011 property bubble 2007 export / pet food recalls 2007 stock bubble 2007 slave scandal 2008–2009 economic stimulus plan 2010 Expo 2015–16 stock market turbulence Protein export contamination China–United States trade war 2020–2021 reform spree
Related topics	Agriculture Bankruptcy Companies Largest Top 500 Largest SOEs The Hongs Demographics Globalization Globalization and women National Standards China Compulsory Certificate Made in China Mingong List of Chinese by net worth Chinese economists Science and technology
See also: Category Outline of China Economy of East Asia

• National Development and Reform Commission
• Government agencies of China
• Economic development in China
• Energy in China
• Investment promotion agencies
• State Council of the People's Republic of China
• 2003 establishments in China
• Government agencies established in 2003
• Organizations based in Beijing
• International trade
• Foreign relations of China
• Economy of China