Stinson Reliant - Misplaced Pages

(Redirected from Stinson R3Q) High-wing monoplane produced 1933-43

Reliant

General information
Type	Liaison and training monoplane
National origin	United States
Manufacturer	Stinson Aircraft Company
Primary users	United States Army Air Corps Royal Navy
Number built	1,327
History
First flight	1933

The Stinson Reliant is a popular single-engine four- to five-seat high-wing monoplane manufactured by the Stinson Aircraft Division of the Aviation Manufacturing Corporation of Wayne, Michigan.

Design and development

The Reliant is a high-wing, fixed-tailwheel land monoplane powered with a variety of radial engines.

1,327 Reliants of all types were made from 1933 to 1941, in different models, from SR-1 to SR-10. The final commercial model, the Stinson Reliant SR-10, was introduced in 1938. A militarized version was first flown in February 1942 and remained in production through several additional versions (all externally identical) until late 1943 for the US and British armed forces.

Reliant production can be broken into two distinct types – the straight-wing Reliants (all models up to SR-6) and the gull-wing Reliants (all models from SR-7 and after, including the militarized V-77/AT-19), with there being little in common between the two groups of types. The straight-wing Reliant has a wing of constant chord and thickness which is supported by two struts each side with additional bracing struts. In contrast the taper-wing Reliant has the broadest chord and thickness of the wing at mid-span, with the outer wing trailing edge heavily angled forward and a rounded cutout on the leading edge root, all supported by a single strut. The taper wing has a significant step up between the fuselage and the wing, and the changes in wing thickness gave it a distinct gull appearance from the front.

Operational history

The Reliant was used by the United States Army Air Forces in World War II as a utility aircraft, designated UC-81, and as trainer designated AT-19. The Royal Navy and Royal Air Force also used Reliants, for light transport and communication duties. After the war they were sold on the civilian market as the Vultee V-77.

The V-77 is a spartan version of the SR-10 with the 300 hp Lycoming R680-E3B, a single door on the left side and the traditional "bump" cowl was replaced with a simpler smooth cowl. Internal structure was beefed up significantly over the commercial models, and a distinctive triangle-shaped counterbalance was added to the rudder.

Variants

The SR-10 Reliant was available as a landplane, seaplane and skidplane in the following configurations:

Ambulance (two stretchers)
Cargo/Ambulance
Target Towing
Firefighting
Photographic

Civilian variants

SR Reliant: Powered by a 215 hp (160 kW) Lycoming R-680 radial piston engine.
SR-1: Powered by a 240 hp (180 kW) Lycoming R-680-2 radial piston engine. Two built.
SR-2: Powered by a 240-hp (179-kW) Lycoming R-680-7 radial piston engine.
SR-3: Similar to the SR-1, but with minor structural changes.
SR-4: Powered by a 250-hp (186-kW) Wright R-760-E radial piston engine.
SR-5: Improved version, powered by a 225-hp (168-kW) Lycoming R-680-4 radial piston engine.
SR-5A: Powered by a 245-hp (183-kW) Lycoming R-680-6 radial piston engine.
SR-5B: Powered by a 240-hp (179-kW) Lycoming R-680-2 radial piston engine.
SR-5C: Powered by a 260-hp (194-kW) Lycoming R-680-5 radial piston engine.
SR-5E: Powered by a 225-hp (168-kW) Lycoming R-680-4 radial piston engine.
SR-5F: Powered by a 250-hp (186-kW) Wright R-760-E radial piston engine.
SR-6: Four-seat cabin aircraft, powered by a Lycoming R-680-6 radial piston engine.
SR-6A: Four-seat cabin aircraft, powered by a 225-hp (168-kW) Lycoming R-680-4 radial piston engine.
SR-6B: Four-seat cabin aircraft, powered by a Lycoming R-680-5 radial piston engine.
SR-7: First gull wing series.
SR-7B: Four-seat cabin aircraft, powered by a Lycoming R-680-B6 radial piston engine. 47 built.
SR-7C: Four-seat cabin aircraft, powered by a Lycoming R-680-B5 radial piston engine. Three built.
SR-8A: Five-seat cabin aircraft.
SR-8B: Five-seat cabin aircraft, powered by a Lycoming R-680-B6 radial piston engine.
SR-8C: Five-seat cabin aircraft, powered by a Lycoming R-680-B5 radial piston engine.
SR-8D: Five-seat cabin aircraft, powered by a Wright R-760-E2 radial piston engine.
SR-8DM: Utility transport version of the SR-8D.
SR-8E: Five-seat cabin aircraft, powered by a 320-hp (239-kW) Wright R-760-E23 radial piston engine.
SR-8DE: Utility transport version of the SR-8E.
SR-9: 1937 series. Fitted with a curved windshield, unique to this series.
SR-9A: Proposed version with Lycoming R-680-B4 engine. Unbuilt.
SR-9B: Powered by a 245 horsepower (183 kW) Lycoming R-680-B6 engine. 35 built.
SR-9C: Powered by a 260 horsepower (190 kW) Lycoming R-680-B5 engine. 65 built.
SR-9D: Powered by a 285 horsepower (213 kW) Wright R-760-E1 engine. 22 built.
SR-9E: Powered by a 320 horsepower (240 kW) Wright R-760-E2 engine. 43 built.
SR-9F: Powered by a 450 horsepower (340 kW) Pratt & Whitney Wasp Junior radial engine. 34 built.
SR-10

SR-10B: Powered by a Lycoming R-680-D6. One built.
SR-10C: Powered by a Lycoming R-680-D5 engine. 46 built.
SR-10D: Wright R-760E-1 engine. 3 built.
SR-10E: Powered by a Wright R-760E-2 radial piston engine. 21 built.
SR-10F: Powered by a Pratt & Whitney R-985 Wasp Junior SB radial piston engine. 18 built.
SR-10G: Powered by a Lycoming R-680-E1 radial piston engine. 12 built.
SR-10J: Lycoming R-680-E3 engine. 11 built.
SR-10K: Powered by a 450 horsepower (340 kW) Wright R-975E-3 radial engine. 2 built for New York City Police Department; one with conventional landing gear, one seaplane with Edo floats.

Military variants

AT-19: USAAF designation for a training variant of the UC-81 for the Royal Navy under Lend-Lease as the Reliant I, 500 built.
AT-19A: Original designation of the L-9A which was a Voyager not a Reliant.

AT-19B: Original designation of the L-9B which was a Voyager not a Reliant.
AT-19C: Conversions of AT-19s for photo-survey aircraft for the USAAF, 51 conversions.
UC-81: Four impressed SR.8Bs.
UC-81A: Two impressed SR.10Gs.
UC-81B: One impressed SR.8E.
UC-81C: Three impressed SR.9Cs.
XC-81D: One civil SR.10F operated by the military for the development of glider pick-up techniques.
UC-81E: Four impressed SR.9Fs.
UC-81F: Seven impressed SR.10Fs.
UC-81G: Three impressed SR.9Ds.
UC-81H: One impressed SR.10E.
UC-81J: Nine impressed SR.9Es.
UC-81K: Five impressed SR.10Cs.
UC-81L: Two impressed SR.8Cs.
UC-81M: One impressed SR.9EM.
UC-81N: Two impressed SR.9Bs.
L-12: Two SR.5As impressed into service with the USAAF during World War II.
L-12A: Two SR.7Bs impressed into service during World War II.
RQ-1: One SR-5 Reliant was acquired by the US Coast Guard in 1935, later redesignated XR3Q-1 and decommissioned in 1941.
XR3Q-1: One SR-5 Reliant was acquired by the US Navy in 1935.
Reliant I: 500 Reliants were supplied to the Royal Navy under Lend-Lease. The Reliants were used for light transport and communications, navigation and radio training duties.

Operators

Military operators

Argentina

Argentine Navy

Australia

Royal Australian Air Force – 1

United Kingdom

United States

United States Army Air Forces – A total of 47 Reliants impressed during World War 2
United States Coast Guard
United States Navy

Uruguay

Uruguayan Air Force

Civil operators

Brazil

El Salvador

Grupo TACA

Mexico

Aeronaves de México – the Reliant was the first aircraft used by Aeronaves, later to become Mexico's largest airline, Aeromexico, on their initial service between Mexico and Acapulco on 14 September 1934

Norway

Widerøe

Paraguay

Líneas Aéreas de Transporte Nacional (LATN)

United States

Specifications (SR-10F)

Data from General Dynamics Aircraft and their Predecessors

General characteristics

Crew: one, pilot
Capacity: 3 to 4 passengers
Length: 27 ft 11 in (8.51 m)
Wingspan: 41 ft 7 in (12.68 m)
Height: 8 ft 6 in (2.59 m)
Wing area: 256.5 sq ft (23.84 m)
Empty weight: 3,045 lb (1,384 kg)
Gross weight: 4,605 lb (2,093 kg)
Powerplant: 1 × Pratt & Whitney Wasp Junior SB nine-cylinder air-cooled radial engine, 400 hp (298 kW)

Performance

Cruise speed: 154 kn (177 mph, 285 km/h)
Range: 739 nmi (850 mi, 1,369 km)
Service ceiling: 21,000 ft (6,400 m)
Rate of climb: 1,330 ft/min (6.8 m/s)

References

Pilot's Flight Operating Instructions for Army Model AT-19 Airplanes and British Model Reliant – 15 June 1944
Stinson SR-10 Specifications – April 1940
Wegg 1990, pp. 131, 133.
Wegg 1990, p. 132.
^ Wegg 1990, p. 135.
^ Wegg 1990, p. 136.
^ Aviation February 1937, p. 36.
^ Wegg 1990, pp. 136–137.
^ Wegg 1990, p. 137.
"FAA Aircraft Type Certificate 679" (PDF). Federal Aviation Administration. Retrieved December 21, 2024.
^ Andrade 1979, p.79
"AT-19B – Texas Air Museum". Retrieved November 8, 2022.
^ Andrade 1979, p.81
^ Andrade 1979, p.130
^ Pearcy 1991, p. 317.
Swanborough and Bowers 1976, p. 469.
"A38 Stinson Reliant". RAAF Museum. 2009. Retrieved January 20, 2013.
Halley 1980, p. 306.
Swanborough and Bowers 1963, p. 532.
"Memorias del Tiempo de Vuelo / Stinson SR-7A Reliant". www.pilotoviejo.com. Retrieved October 6, 2023.
Aeromexico – The Story of a Great Company, last accessed on 2012 November 30

Bibliography

Andrade, John (1979). U.S. Military Aircraft Designations and Serials since 1909. Midland Counties Publications. ISBN 0-904597-22-9.
Elliot, Bryn (March–April 1997). "Bears in the Air: The US Air Police Perspective". Air Enthusiast. No. 68. pp. 46–51. ISSN 0143-5450.
Halley, James J (1980). The Squadrons of the Royal Air Force. Tonbridge, Kent, UK: Air Britain (Historians). ISBN 0-85130-083-9.
Pearcy, Arthur (1991). U.S. Coast Guard Aircraft Since 1916. Shrewsbury, UK: Airlife Publishing. ISBN 1-85310-118-4.
Sapienza, Antonio Luis (June 2000). "Les premiers avions de transport commercial au Paraguay" [The First Commercial Transport Aircraft in Paraguay]. Avions: Toute l'Aéronautique et son histoire (in French) (87): 45–47. ISSN 1243-8650.
"Stinson Restyles". Aviation Week & Space Technology. Vol. 36, no. 2. February 1937. pp. 35–36.
Swanborough, F. G.; Bowers, Peter M. (1963). United States Military Aircraft since 1909. London: Putnam.
Swanborough, Gordon; Bowers, Peter M. (1976). United States Navy Aircraft since 1911 (Second ed.). London: Putnam. ISBN 0-370-10054-9.
Wegg, John (1990). General Dynamics Aircraft and their Predecessors. London: Putnam. ISBN 0-85177-833-X.

External links

Stinson aircraft

Model numbers

Detroiter

Biplane	SB-1
Monoplane	SM-1 SM-6

Junior

Reliant

SR
SR-1
SR-2
SR-3
SR-4
SR-5
SR-6
SR-7
SR-8
SR-9
SR-10

Airliner

Vultee models

Convair models

One off designs

Names

Military
designations

USAAC/USAAF	AT-19 C-81 C-91 CQ-2 L-1 L-5 L-9 L-12 L-13 O-49 O-54 O-62 U-19
USN/USCG	RQ R3Q OY

v t e Vultee aircraft
Manufacturer designations	V-1 V-11 V-12 V-20 V-32 V-33 V-35 V-37 V-38 V-39 V-40 V-41 V-42 V-43 V-44 V-45 V-46 V-47 V-48 V-49 V-50 V-51 V-52 V-54 V-55 V-56 V-57 V-58 V-61 V-69 V-70 V-72 V-74 V-75 V-76 V-77 V-78 V-80 V-83 V-84 V-85 V-86 V-88 V-90 Model numbering continued by Convair
By role	Fighters XP-54 P-66 Vanguard Attack aircraft V-11 V-12 YA-19 A-31 Vengeance A-35 Vengeance XA-41 Trainers BC-3 BT-13 Valiant BT-15 Valiant
See also: Convair aircraft

Vultee aircraft

Manufacturer designations

V-1
V-11
V-12
V-20
V-32
V-33
V-35
V-37
V-38
V-39
V-40
V-41
V-42
V-43
V-44
V-45
V-46
V-47
V-48
V-49
V-50
V-51
V-52
V-54
V-55
V-56
V-57
V-58
V-61
V-69
V-70
V-72
V-74
V-75
V-76
V-77
V-78
V-80
V-83
V-84
V-85
V-86
V-88
V-90

Model numbering continued by Convair

By role

Fighters: XP-54; P-66 Vanguard

Attack aircraft: V-11; V-12; YA-19; A-31 Vengeance; A-35 Vengeance; XA-41

Trainers: BC-3; BT-13 Valiant; BT-15 Valiant

See also: Convair aircraft

Designation sequences for this aircraft:

v t e USAAF/USAF liaison aircraft
L-1 L-2 L-3 L-4 L-4F/G/X L-5 L-6 L-7 L-8 L-9 L-10 L-11 L-12 L-13 L-14 L-15 L-16 L-17 L-18 L-18C L-19 L-20 L-21 L-22 L-23 L-24 L-25 L-26 L-27 L-28

United States trainer aircraft designations, Army/Air Force and Tri-Service systems

Advanced trainer
(1925–1948)

Basic combat
(1936–1940)

Basic trainer
(1930–1948)

Primary trainer
(1924–1948)

Main sequence
(1948–present)

1948 redesignations	T-6 T-7 T-11 T-13 T-13A T-13B/D T-17 T-19
New designations	T-28 T-29 T-30 T-31 T-32 T-33 T-34 T-35 T-36 T-37 T-38 T-39 T-40 T-41 T-41 (I) T-41 (II) T-42 T-43 T-44 T-45 T-46 T-47 T-47A OT-47B T-48 YT-48 T-48TS T-49 T-50 T-51 T-52 T-53 T-54

Alternate sequences

1962 redesignations	T-1 T-2
Since 1990	T-1 T-2 T-3 T-4 T-5 T-6 T-7

Not assigned • Assigned to multiple types

v t e United States military transport aircraft designations, Army/Air Force and Tri-Service systems
Army/Air Force sequence (1925–1962)	C-1 C-2 C-3 C-4 C-5 C-6 C-7 C-8 C-9 C-10 C-11 C-12 C-13 C-14 C-15 C-16 C-17 C-18 C-19 C-20 C-21 C-22 C-23 C-24 C-25 C-26 C-27 C-28 C-29 C-30 C-31 C-32 C-33 C-34 C-35 C-36 C-37 C-38 C-39 C-40 C-41 C-41A C-42 C-43 C-44 C-45 C-46 C-47 C-47F C-47T AC-47 C-48 C-49 C-50 C-51 C-52 C-53 C-54 C-55 C-56 C-57 C-58 C-59 C-60 C-61 C-62 C-63 C-64 C-65 C-66 C-67 C-68 C-69 C-70 C-70B C-71 C-72 C-73 C-74 C-75 C-76 C-77 C-77B–D C-78 C-79 C-80 C-81 C-82 C-83 C-83A C-83B C-84 C-85 C-86 C-87 C-88 C-89 C-90 C-91 C-92 C-93 C-94 C-95 C-96 C-97 KC-97 C-98 C-99 C-100 C-101 C-102 C-103 C-104 C-105 C-106 C-107 C-108 C-109 C-110 C-111 C-112 C-113 C-114 C-115 C-116 C-117 C-117D C-118 C-119 AC-119 C-120 C-121 C-121F EC-121 C-122 C-123 C-123A C-124 C-125 C-126 C-127 C-127 (I) C-127 (II) C-128 C-129 C-130 C-130J AC-130 DC-130 EC-130/H HC-130 KC-130 LC-130 MC-130 WC-130 C-131 NC-131H C-132 C-133 C-134 C-135 KC-135 C-136 C-137 YC-137 (I) YC-137 (II) C-137 C-138 C-139 C-140 C-141 C-142
Tri-service sequence (1962–present)	C-1 C-2 C-3 C-4 C-5 C-6 C-7 C-7 RC-7 C-8 C-9 C-10 C-10 KC-10 C-11 C-12 RC-12 C-13 C-14 C-15 C-16 C-17 C-18 C-19 C-20 C-20A–D C-20F–J C-21 C-22 C-23 C-24 C-25 C-26 C-27 C-27J C-28 C-29 C-30 C-31 C-32 C-33 C-34 C-35 C-36 C-37 C-37B C-38 C-39 C-40 C-41 C-42 C-43 C-44 C-45 C-46
Revived original sequence (2005–present)	C-143 C-144 C-145 C-146 C-147
Non-sequential designations	C-767 C-880
Related designations	CT-39 CT-43 CV-2 CV-7
Not assigned • Assigned to multiple types • Unconfirmed

USN/USMC transport designations pre–1962

T-series (pre–1931)

Atlantic Aircraft	TA

R-series (1931–1962)

Atlantic Aircraft	RA -4
Budd	RB
Curtiss	RC R2C R3C R4C R5C
Douglas	RD R2D R3D R4D R4D-8 R5D R6D
Bellanca	RE
Kinner	RK
Kreider-Reisner	RK R2K
Martin	RM
Lockheed	RO R2O R3O R4O R5O R6O R7O-1/-2 to "V" (see below, at "Lockheed")
Stinson	RQ R2Q R3Q
Fairchild	RQ R2Q R3Q R4Q
Ford	RR
Sikorsky	RS
Northrop	RT
Lockheed	from "O" (see above, at "Lockheed") R6V R7V-1/-2 R8V
Convair	RY R2Y R3Y R4Y

Not assigned
Assigned to a different manufacturer's type
Sequence restarted
Assigned to a different class of aircraft

v t e USN/USMC transport (single-engined) designations 1939-1941
Beechcraft	GB
Howard	GH
Fairchild	GK
Stinson	GQ

v t e Australian Defence Force aircraft serial-number prefixes
Italics indicate prefixes not used.
RAAF Series One 1921–34	A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10 A11 A12
RAAF Series Two 1935–63	A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10 A11 A12 A13 A14 A15 A16 A17 A18 A19 A20 A21 A22 A23 A24 A25 A26 A27 A28 A29 A30 A30 A31 A32 A33 A34 A35 A36 A37 A37 A37 A38 A39 A40 A41 A42 A43 A44 A44 A45 A46 A47 A48 A49 A50 A51 A52 A53 A54 A55 A56 A57 A58 A59 A60 A61 A62 A63 A64 A65 A66 A67 A68 1–200 500–1001 A69 A70 A71 A72 A73 A74 A75 A76 A77 A78 A79 A80 A81 A82 A83 A84 A85 A86 A87 A88 A89 A90 A91 A92 A93 A94 A95 A96 A97 A98 A99 A100
RAN Series	N1 N2 N3 N4 N5 N6 N7 N8 N9 N10 N11 N12 N13 N14 N15 N16
RAAF Series Three Tri-Service series 1964–present	A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10 A11 A12 A13 A14 A15 A16 A17/N17 A18 A19 A20 A21 A22/N22 A23 N24 A25 A26 A27 N28 N29 A30 A31 A32 A33 A34 A35 A36 A37 A38 A39 A40/N40 A41 N42 A43 A44 A45 A46 A47 N48 N49 A51 N52 A53 A54 A55 A56 A69
Lists	Aircraft of the RAAF Aircraft of the RAN Aircraft of the Australian Army
Prior to adoption of Tri-Service prefixes.

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